Essential Amino Acids

Essential Amino Acids
Proteins are made up of long chains of building blocks called amino acids. The sequence of the
amino acid is characteristic to a particular protein and this determines its function. There are twenty
or more amino acids – some of which are essential some non–essential.
Essential and non–essential amino acids
'Essential' means that the body cannot produce the specific amino acid and has to take them in from
outside sources – either through food or supplements. Non–essential amino acids can be made by
the body but can also be obtained from the diet.
The essential amino acids are:
Leucine
Isoleucine
Lysine
Methionine (and its related compound cystine)
Phenylalanine
Threonine
Tryptophan
Valine
In infants histidine is also essential.
The non–essential ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There is an association between the level of tryptophan in the blood and arthritis. High levels of
tryptophan are also found in jaundice. It has also been used in depression, particularly if insomnia is
present. Oestrogen containing oral contraceptives interfere with the normal metabolism of
tryptophan (this may be because of their effect in vitamin B6 which is essential for the conversion of
tryptophan to serotonin.)
Histidine – has been used in rheumatoid arthritis – low levels of histidine has been found in the
blood of those with rheumatoid arthritis
Tyrosine – like tryptophan and phenylalanine has been used in the treatment of depression. This
amino acid is essential for the synthesis of substances called catecholamines (these include
dopamine and noradrenaline) and some people who are depressed have low levels of these
compounds.
It is likely that more and more uses for amino acids will become evident as research progresses.
Proteins (which contain amino acids) are essential requirement in our diet. Amino acids, essential
and non–essential, are needed for the body's structural component – bones, muscle and connective

tissue and for functional aspects such as hormones and other chemicals. The range of therapeutic
used for which amino acids are used is still somewhat limited it is likely that the uses will expand as
we learn more about the role that amino acids play in maintaining
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Argumentative Essay On Crushed Egg Shells
Crushed egg shells are now on my anti aging list of things to do. If you are in the habit of throwing
away your shells, now you can use them for all sorts of great reasons.
The best reason of all, the shells of an egg are a great source of minerals and some amino acids.
There is not a lot of studies on egg shells. However, I don't need studies to know if something is
working for me or not. I am one of those people who will try anything and everything if I think it is
good for me.
A study by the Dutch on post menopausal women found an improvement in bone density in the hip
area. After supplementing with egg shell powder for 1 year. This is good news if you suffer from hip
problems.
Another study on the shells of Turtles suffering from 'soft shell syndrome' found supplementing with
egg shells hardened the Turtles outer shell.
Eating crushed egg shells gives the body a natural source of calcium. And is the perfect replacement
for calcium supplements, in fact, the shells are 95% calcium carbonate.
If you are perimenopause or menopausal you will definitely benefit from the calcium of egg shells.
Ok, for those of you, like me, who just want to get down to the good stuff, and couldn't care less
about research, graphs, and illustrations. Let's get started.
crushed egg shells
Crushed Egg Shells
How I began my journey into crushed egg shells. I was searching the Internet for a way to
remineralise and regenerate my teeth as I had chipped a tooth. I came across the shells of

When Quail Eggs Become a Miracle Money Making Product in...
there is something interesting – and indeed surprising – about Africa, it is a continent where smart
fastidious individuals can capitalize on the gullibility of others and make millions within the
twinkling of an eye. It is a place where even monkey's red ass, back up with a little lie and
persuasion, can be marketed as omnipotent product and sold for millions of dollars for simple
minded individuals.
Little wonder therefore that recently, some avaricious Africans have marketed quail eggs and meat
as wonder drugs against all kinds of sicknesses such as diabetes, Anemia, Aids, tuberculosis, chronic
pneumonia, stomach ulcers, bronchial asthma, impotence to name just a few claims. Even though
there are no scientific findings to back up ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
But despite the result of the findings that quail eggs are rather nutritional rather than medicinal, the
myopic rush for the "miracle" egg has instead increased in Africa. If you are in doubt, click here and
see for yourself: http://www.rnw.nl/africa/article/quail–eggs–africa–quack–or–quick
For those who take the quail egg discourse nonchalantly as yet another mere misconception, which
has little or nothing to do with you, listen to the lamentations and warnings from various medical
experts. From medical doctors, pharmacists down to dietitians, the handwriting on the wall is the
same.
"We are facing a very dangerous precedent in Africa due to these shoddiest products. Many people
on ARV treatment shunned medication for the miracle quail eggs. This is absolutely the most
dubious rip – offs by nefarious elements who are heartlessly parasites to peoples' ignorance. Tell
them there is no proof quail eggs will make you healthier." Dr. Amos Nkane of Hillcrest Medical
Centre in Nairobi, Kenya, pleaded with his lone female patient, who was standing next to the swarm
of multitude "patients" queuing in front of a quail egg seller next to the doctor's clinic.
But do quail egg sellers see it that way? Definitely not now that the price of a quail egg has
skyrocketed handsomely following the myopic miraculous attributes attached to the quail products
in Africa. Worse still, with the latest quail farming venture accreditation by the Kenya

Is Quail A Good Choice?
Quail is a small game bird, much the same size as a Cornish game hen, for that reason more than
one will be needed for an entrée, good rule of thumb is one per adult. The meat of a quail is dark and
has a very delicate flavor. Quail is a good choice when you want to introduce children or adults to
wild game, who find wild game to have too strong of a taste. Wild game meat doesn't have the
tenderness of domestically raised animals, so it can easily be overcooked accidentally, which will
make the meat rubbery and tough. The best way to cook quail is quickly and by paying attention
during the cooking process.
A great way to introduce children or adults to wild game meat is to cook and serve it in a familiar
way, roasting or grilling is a great

Protein Milk Proteins
Protein
Types of Protein Milk proteins are extensively studied regarding their role in exercise training
adaptations (Hartman et al., 2007; Tang, Moore, Kujbida, Tarnopolsky, & Phillips, 2009). Ingestion
of milk proteins following exercise is shown to accelerate muscle recovery, increase glycogen
replenishment, and improve protein balance in a positive manner that allow for increases in
muscular strength and hypertrophy (Cockburn, Stevenson, Hayes, Robson–Ansley, & Howatson,
2010; Hartman et al., 2007; Tang et al., 2009; Wojcik, Walberg–Rankin, Smith, & Gwazdauskas,
2001). Milk proteins also contain the greatest amount of leucine compared to plant based
counterparts (L E Norton & Wilson, 2009). There are two classes of milk proteins, whey ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus suggesting that a fast–acting protein such as whey is a more appropriate protein source than
casein when examining muscular adaptations in regard to supplementation.
Protein and Leucine There are 20 specific amino acids that are utilized to build proteins utilized in
tissue formation, cellular function, and growth (P. J. Atherton & Smith, 2012; Fluck, 2012; Wu,
2009). Of these 20 there are essential (EAA) and non–essential (NEAA) based amino acids, those
unable to be synthesized and those able to be synthesized within the body respectively. Due to
EAA's needing to be introduced via diet, any decreased consumption of these amino acids would
impair the body's ability to properly translate any cellular proteins (Fluck, 2012). Any increase in
plasma or myocellular amino acids above fasting levels promotes, while transient, an increase in
protein synthesis, and reaches its peak roughly 2 hours following ingestion which allows for muscle
to be receptive to the anabolic effects of protein (Pasiakos & M., 2012). The ability for a protein to
aid in muscle mass accretion is largely based on its profile of EAAs. Animal based proteins are
considered complete proteins as they contain all EAAs, while plant based proteins lack certain
EAAs making them incomplete. When consuming an isonitrogenous and isoenergetic serving of
skim milk and soy milk with 18 grams of protein, the skim milk was able to stimulate muscle
protein synthesis to a greater extent, 0.1%

Nt1310 Final Assignment
Change is good, this is something that has often been said throughout history, the mind is an open
book ready to consume additional information. During the last eight weeks of class there has been
many things that Foundation of Nutrition, SPHE 395, has highlighted for the students, in order to
assist them in fine tuning their craft in the sports and health industry. There where numerous area
that where focused on over the last eight weeks. During part two of this final assignment there we
were asked to state five things that we learned during the eight weeks of learning. One of things that
I must say is the fact that I know little or nothing about Nutrion before this class, but during the
course there were several that would help me during my career. The five area that where important
to my learning where the highlighting of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, maternal nutrition for
infants, and the benefits of alcohol. After the review of this information there will be detailed
concluding thoughts what I think of the class after the concluding week.
During week two of class there was a focus on carbohydrates in a detailed format. "Carbohydrates
are a type of macronutrient found in many foods and beverages. Most carbohydrates occur naturally
in plant–based foods, such as grains. Food manufacturers also add carbohydrates to processed foods
in the form of starch or added sugar." (Mayo, 2017). This is an area that I knew little or nothing
about before the start of this class. The highlight of the fact that there are diverse types of carbs,
such as complex carbohydrate and simple carbohydrates. The discovery that complex carbs are
better for a diet plan and that simple carbs should be introduced to every meal plan in a strategic
manner such as before a workout. The second area that was emphasized was proteins, the only thing
that I know about proteins before this class was the fact that if you complete a fitness activity then a
person should consume protein within thirty minutes of its completion. During third week of study
there was a focus in the lesson plan on protein, the number one thing that was learned was the fact
that amino acids where producted from protein and "Essential amino acids are: histidine,

Disadvantages Of In Vitro Meat
World hunger is considered one of the global food crises and sadly more than more 850 million
people in the world are suffering from it specially in developing countries. (Holt,2008,para.1).Some
people assume that world hunger is still a grave problem because simply there is no enough food to
feed everyone. However , scientists who have studied world hunger will tell you that the world
produces more than enough food to feed everyone on the planet. But why there is still many people
suffering from hunger? "A rise in the global human population at the rate of 75 million annually,
paired with rising living standards in emerging economies are causing an increase in global food
demand. This is particularly pertinent for animal protein, for which demand is expected to grow by
70 percent by the year 2050. In addition to traditional systems, the ever–increasing demand is
currently met by a constant expansion in intensive and modern livestock production systems.
However,

How Does The Environment Affect Pigs Behavior
Did you know that pigs can actually be very intelligent animals and their temper can change from
certain things? Pigs behavior can sometimes change from either their lifestyle or their from being
castrated. When pigs live in pens and not roaming around in a pasture they learn to drink from an
automated drinking fout where they have a constant supply of water. In this paper I will be
explaining a couple different things about pigs. The first I will talk about will be behavior, then i'll
talk about how pigs react to different objects the next one will be environment, then i'll talk about
how food can affect them and finally i'll talk about the commercial and purebred pigs. The first thing
I am going to talk about is the behavior in pigs and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Pigs are fed a high protein diet. The pigs should reach the proper weight for selling at twenty weeks.
Packers like to buy market hogs that weigh in the range of 220–260 pounds. Amino acids, normally
supplied by dietary protein, are required for maintenance, muscle growth, development of fetuses
and supporting tissues in gestating sows, and milk production in lactating sows. Of the 22 amino
acids, twelve are synthesized by the animal the other ten must be provided in the diet for normal
growth. The ten dietary essential amino acids for swine are arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine,
lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and Valine. Cystine and tyrosine can meet
a portion of the requirement for methionine and phenylalanine,

Determination Of Amino Acids From Fruit Juices
Outcome 1
Literature Research
My research topic – Determination of the amino acids present in the fruit juices.
What is an amino Acid?
An Amino Acid is a basic organic compound containing both a carboxyl and an amine group
H O N – X – C
H OH
What makes all amino acids different?
In amino acids, it is the section between the two function groups ( represented by x in the above
diagram ) that makes each amino acid different.
How many are there? What is an essential amino acid?
Scientists have discovered over fifty amino acids but only twenty are used in the body to make
proteins. Nine of this twenty are called essential amino acids which we give ourselves from our food
and the other eleven are made by the body itself.
The 9 Essential amino acids
Phenylalanine
Methionine
Histidine
Tryptophan
Isoleucine
Arginine
Threonine
Lysine
Leucine
What is their function in the body? Amino acids are important in our diet because they have so many
different functions. One of the main uses of amino acids is that they are the building blocks that
make proteins. Proteins are lchains of amino Acids linked together by peptide bonds making up our
muscles, organs, nails, hair and many other necessary part for every living body.
Vitamins and minerals are regulated by amino acids making sure they are performing properly, also
enzymes and hormones that catalyse all chemical reactions in our body are proteins. Most
importantly our genetic code

A Study On Skipper, A Hunting Dog
Skipper is a four year old neutered male American foxhound. He weighs 55 pounds and is
considered a 3 of 5 on the body condition score (BCS) scale. His owner is preparing to take him on
a two week hunting trip and wants to know if he should change Skip 's feeding program. During the
trip Skipper will be working intensely for six to eight hours each day. His current food contains 3.0
Kcal ME/g, 22% protein, and 15% fat. The following is a case study on Skipper, a hunting dog. His
body weight is ideal for his age and lifestyle, however, an increase in strenuous activity may require
a higher caloric intake during the time frame of the activity. "Energy dense foods are classified as
the amount of energy or calories per gram of food. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Skipper is a four year old neutered male canine American Fox hound standing 24 inches tall at the
shoulder, having a short, single, hard, black with brown and tan coat and an ideal weight of 55
pounds with a body condition score of a 3 on a scale of 5. This is indicative by slight pressure to the
ribs and spine with no visual protrusion. Muscle tone is apparent for an active dog, in addition to
having a visible hourglass shape when viewed from above and a concave tuck of the abdomen when
viewed from the side (Case, Daristotle, Hayek, & Raasch, 2011, p. 240). Skipper leads an active life
style, however, during the hunting season, Skipper's owner takes him out a few weeks at a time
where there is a greater energy expenditure compared to the rest of the year. Throughout the year,
the owner conditions Skipper for a few days out of the month to simulate the upcoming hunting trip.
At this time, the owner only supplements Skipper's caloric intake with more energy dense treats and
on occasion, an increase in protein intake. Since this is the longest time Skipper will be working, in
comparison to the other shorter hunting trips, the owner would like to know what he can do to
maintain Skipper's weight and peak performance during high levels of intensity. Skipper comes from
a hardy breed and the rest of the physical exam is unremarkable. Plan According to Animals Adda, it
is recommended that the nutritional food

A Study On Health And Fitness Industry
In this article, I would like to touch upon a subject that is one of the most popular ones in the fitness
industry. This post focuses on a macronutrient that enjoys a celebrity status in the fitness world and
has definitely enjoyed the spotlight for a considerably long time. Yes, I am talking about
"PROTEIN" PROTEIN The word protein is derived from the Greek word "proteios" which means
"primary" or "of prime importance". The name clearly shows how important this macronutrient is
for us. Proteins are essentially bio–molecules that are made up of smaller units called "amino acids"
that are linked together to form polypeptide chains. Protein is present in our skin, hair, callus,
cartilage, muscles, tendons and ligaments. Proteins hold together, protect and provide a definitive
structure to the body. From the perspective of health and fitness, there are things about protein that
are important for us to understand. i) Functions ii) Amino acids iii) Sources of protein iv) How much
protein to consume? v) Negative effects of consuming too much protein i)Functions: Protein being a
macronutrient is a source of energy for the body. In case one 's carbohydrate intake is not sufficient,
the body resorts to protein to provide energy to the body. However, this is not the prime function of
protein. The primary functions of proteins are: Growth Tissue repair Immune system function
Hormone and Enzyme production Lean muscle mass and tone maintenance Regulation of
metabolism

A Safe Insulation, DuPont Hempcrete
Fiberglass insulation is used in about 90% of homes in the United States and has the potential to
cause multiple serious health issues. Hemp insulation can take all these concerns out of the picture
with many of the ways hemp is naturally ecologically–friendly. Hemp comes from a cousin of the
cannabis sativa plant which also produces marijuana. When hemp is grows it grows at a very fast
rate and can be easily grown in many conditions. The plant is used to make the hemp insulation
called hempcrete with other additives. The other parts of the plant can be used to make other various
essential items for the human life. Although hemp is illegal in the United States it can be grown
through a system of licensed growers in the United States and can also be bought from growers in
Canada and Europe and shipped to the United States. Using hemp and a lime is the best alternative
for an insulation because both products are readily available and easy to obtain. Hemp can be
believed to be the future of insulation for many reasons.
Hempcrete can be eco–friendly and beneficial in many ways. As the fast–growing hemp plant grows
it naturally removes carbon dioxide from the air making it environmentally friendly (Crawford "A
Green Alternative to Insulation Materials"). Hemp takes this carbon dioxide and transfers it to the
soil making the soil rich for future crop rotations. This was the case when hemp was tested at the
Chernobyl site to test if it would help heal the soil that was

General Classifications For Food : Protein, Fat, And...
There are 3 general classifications for food: protein, fat, and carbohydrate. This article is about
protein. We 'll talk about what it is, why you need it, how to get it, and how much you need in order
to be healthy.
Why We Need Protein
Before we get into the details of what protein is, let 's get motivated by appreciating what protein
does. Our bodies use protein to build just about everything. Skin, hair, muscles, organs, even the
hemoglobin in your blood is made of protein. And the list goes on: The enzymes that break down
food and spark chemical reactions in the body are proteins. Our immune systems depend on protein
to make antibodies. Protein molecules aid the transfer of messages between the neurotransmitters in
our brains. And ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When a single food provides all nine (yes, it used to be eight) essential amino acids it is called a
complete protein.
Ads
Energy East Pipeline
energyeastpipeline.com
The benefits of Energy East will be felt across Canada. Learn how
Many foods contain high levels of some amino acids and not others. In that case, foods have to be
combined in order to provide all nine amino acids. When foods go together to create a complete
protein profile they are called complimentary proteins.
Sources of Protein
Most people think of meat when they think of protein. And that 's correct. Meat from land animals,
fish, and fowl are all high protein foods. However, nuts, seeds, beans, and dairy products are high
protein foods as well. And whole grains such as brown rice, whole wheat, quinoa, barley and
amaranth; and some vegetables, like avocados and sprouts, can be significant sources of protein too.
Meat, dairy and eggs are complete proteins. To get a complete protein, most grains, nuts, seeds, and
vegetables have to be combined. Rice and beans or corn and beans are famous examples of
complimentary proteins. It is worth noting that you don 't have to get all essential amino acids in one
meal. Amino acids are not stored by the body but they do stay available long enough to be used and

combined throughout a day. With so many sources of protein, eating a healthy, varied diet generally
provides enough amino acids for the average person –– even if they

The Effects Of Nutritional Supplementation On Improving...
The clinical study done by J. Bauer MD, PhD, S. Verlaan Msc, I. Bautmans, and others was done to
address the loss of muscle strength, mass, and physical performance correlated with age. The
researchers wanted to test the effects of nutritional supplementation on improving mobility and
muscular confinement by reducing the effects of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is described as the loss of
muscular strength, mobility, and tissue due to aging.(Mostly found in elderly people) When aging
people experience sarcopenia, they will start to lose the ability to do tasks that require endurance
and strength, which leads to the need for assisted care. Also when elderly/aging people start to lose
muscle mass and strength they will be prone to an increased risk of injury. Ingesting supplements
such as essential vitamins and amino acids are fundamentally important in reducing the severity of
sarcopenia. If the proper amount of nutrients are not taken it may lead to an increase in the onset of
sarcopenia which increases risk factors for overall health when aging. The researchers hypothesize
that providing a targeted nutritional supplement containing whey protein enriched with leucine
(~1.2g/kg BW/day) and vitamin D in a timely amount would result in the muscular and physical
improvements independent of physical exercise. (Bauer et al. 741)
The trial for this experiment would last approximately 13 weeks and would be controlled,
randomized, and double–blinded. The participants were

Kidney Stones Research Paper
The kidneys are organs that are about four inches long, and are found in the back wall of the
abdomen on either side of the spinal column. Their main function is to filter waste and excess fluid
from the blood as it flows through these organs. They are not huge in size, but the role that they play
is significant. Though they are small (both of them together weigh less than a pound), they process
over 18 gallons of blood each hour and filter over half of all of the fluid that is taken in by the body.
In the end, the kidneys will excrete up to two quarts of urine during a day's time. (Source: Every
Woman's Health, 1993). The kidneys are prone to a number of diseases and conditions, some of
them very serious and even potentially life threatening. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An excessive intake of protein (defined as over 35% of daily calories) can cause calcium oxalate
stones. In addition, the rare, inherited metabolic disorder, cystinuria, can be caused by excessive
protein–derived amino acids being present in the body. When protein is broken down in the body, it
is broken down into amino acids, which are then absorbed and used to make new amino acids,
hormones and enzymes for a number of functions in the body. There are a number of amino acids,
eight of which cannot be made by the body. These are the essential amino acids and must be
received from food sources. These are leucine, isoleucine, valine, threonine, methionine,
phenylalanine, tryptophan and lysine. In children, there is an additional amino acid that needs to
come from food, but most adults are able to create the protein themselves (Source: The Vegetarian

We Must Change A Plant Based Diet
Initially, I experienced shock, grief, and anger after being enlightened to these astounding statistical
approximations. Even if the scientists estimating these statistics were slightly inaccurate, humanity
would be doomed without a significant reduction of animal product consumption, and the
information rattled my soul. I spent weeks attempting to accept this new knowledge and sought to
debunk the estimates provided in the documentary. All I discovered was more evidence to support
the claims and realized that I must change to a plant based diet. Next, my grief hit me, for I had been
consuming animal products for almost thirty–three years, and had contributed to the problem.
Additionally, diet is part of one's identity and culture, so significant alterations can be similar to
accepting a new identity. Subsequently, the anger and frustration flooded my mind for a while. I was
angry for all the misinformation circulation around every media outlet in America. The monarchs of
the animal industry control a majority of our media and government and will overcome any obstacle
to protect their assets. Finally, acceptance of being a vegan became my new and proud identity.
Many more obstacles awaited, to include informing family and friends. After wholly accepting my
new lifestyle, the subsequent hurdle was convincing my husband to support, and hopefully jump
aboard, my veganism. I found documentaries about the health benefits of veganism and made the
next few day documentary nights.

Essay On Recombinant Dna Technology
Recombinant DNA technology have following applications in agriculture–
Improvement of Nutritional Quality of plant products:
Cereal storage proteins ( mainly prolamines) have poor nutritional quality because of lower levels of
essential amino acids such as lysine, tryptophan and threonine. on the other hand, Grain legume
storage proteins, consist chiefly of globulins which are deficient in sulphur–containing amino acids,
methionine and cystein. To enhance the seed protein quality two genetic engineering approaches
have been used. In the first case, a transgene was transferred for protein containing sulphur rich
amino acids into pea plant (which is deficient in methionine and cysteine, but rich in lysine) using a
seed specific promoter. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After transcription this gene makes an antisence RNA that is complementary to the normal sense
mRNA of PGA gene. This antisense RNA inhibits the translation of the internal PGA mRNAand
thus decreasing the softening of tomato fruit. Thease type of plants produce fruits with normal color
and flavor but the fruits soften more slowely and can be picked and processed after they are ripe. the
'Flavr Savr' transgenic tomatoes have been developed using antisence RNA technology and
commercialized in year 1994 in U.S.
Transgenic lines of potato with increased levels of starch have been also developed. A bacterial gene
is inserted in the potato which expressed and produce an enjyme that increases the synthesis of
starch. A promoter from a potato gene that encodes the major protein in potato tubers has been used,
so that the expression of the introduced gene is limited to the tuber. Tubers accumulate
approximately 3 to 5% more starch than normal potatoes and when they are deep fried absorb less
oil and yield chips having fewer calories.
Another example of genetic modification for improving the Vitamin A, 'Golden Rice' have been
developed by Prof. Ingo Potrykus and Dr. Peter Beyer. Normally The seeds of rice is having low
level of vitamin a. golden rice is made by inserting the three genes which involved in carotenoid
biosynthesis pathway. Carotenoid is the precursor of vitamin a, so the golden rice (improved rice) is
enriched with

Taking a Look at Metabolites
1.0 INTRODUCTION.
Chemical investigation of living organisms are live in the vitamins, minerals, amino acids and to all
components. The scientific principles will allow one to discern the appropriate food outside.
However, there are caveats that have not a necessarily enough structure to meet the criteria of
metabolite. Molecule will interact to the natural environment.
According to Edward D . Harris . Metabolites are product that responds to enzyme catalyzed and
occurs naturally in the cells of body. Metabolite compounds should get the criteria. That are many
criteria of metabolites. Firstly, metabolite are compounds in cells. Metabolites can be acted to the
enzymes in the human body. The product of a metabolite must be able to enter subsequent reactions.
Most of the metabolites are regulators that control the space of metabolism .Metabolites can serve
some useful biological functions in the cell. Metabolite will retain most if carbon structures turn into
the larger structure or reduced to a smaller structure. Example of metabolites are include molecule
of glucose appear in glycogen and amino acids appear in proteins.
Metabolites are part of the metabolic products. Metabolites are normally limited to a small
molecules. There are many function of metabolite such as fuel, structures, signals and stimulatory
effect on the enzyme. Metabolites are normally react with their own activity and interactions with
the other organisms. The primary metabolite are

The Effect Of High Hydrostatic Pressure Processing On The...
Effect of high hydrostatic pressure processing on the chemical characteristics of different lamb cuts
Wu, Y. C.a, Hamid, N.a*, Oey, I.b, Ma, Q. L. a, Farouk, M.c
aSchool of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University
of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand bDepartment of Food Science, University of Otago,
Dunedin, New Zealand cAgResearch MIRINZ, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123,
Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
*Corresponding author:
Dr. Nazimah Hamid
School of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Environmental Sciences, Auckland University of
Technology
Private Bag 92006, New Zealand
Phone: +64–9–921999 extn: 6453
Fax: +64–9–9219627
Email: nazimah.hamid@aut.ac.nz Abstract
This study investigates the effects of high hydrostatic pressure processing (HPP) treatments (200–
600 MPa) of eight different lamb cuts on lipid oxidation, fatty acid and free amino acid content. In
general, the eye of loin, flat, heel and tenderloin cuts treated between 400 and 600MPa had higher
oxidation values exceeding 0.5 mg MDA/kg. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids content
were lower in HPP treatment of almost all cuts (except rump and heel cuts) at all pressures.
Polyunsaturated fatty acids content was lower in HPP treated inside, knuckle, and tenderloin cuts at
600 MPa compared to control. Nine essential and 8 non–essential amino acids were identified in the
lamb cuts. HPP increased the total free amino acids composition significantly (P

What Are Proteins
What Are Protein ? Proteins : are organic nutrients that are chemically similar to fats ( lipids ) and
carbohydrate since they contain carbon , hydrogen and oxygen atoms . Also proteins contain
nitrogen , actually nitrogen is the cells that need to make a big group of important biological
compounds. Animals , plants , bacteria and viruses contain large amount of proteins . Any cells in
human body contain proteins . There are a lot of proteins in human body have a different function .
So the body use proteins to : first , body use proteins to make, maintain and repair cells such as cells
during period of growth they need protein to form cells membranes .second , to build structures such
as keratin which is a structural protein it's in hair,

Intestine Essay
large intestine and induces soft faeces and diarrhoea. Faeces is usually pale colour and have foul
smelling. Continuous diarrhoea leads to dehydration and loss of electrolytes and weakness in horses.
The symptoms can be resolved with stopping the milk feeding.
3.8 SOME COMMON EQUINE FEEDSTUFFS
3.8.1 Concentrates
Dietary supplementation with concentrates is essential to maintain good health and to satisfy the
nutritional needs for growth and performance of horses, especially where there is limited availability
of quality hay, grazing lands and green. The choice of grains is based on its safety, palatability,
energy value and cost. Grains are subjected to processings including grinding, micronizing, flaking
and pelleting. Whatever the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Accumulation of lactic acid in the hind gut of the horse results from rapid fermentation by bacteria
of starch that enters the caecum and colon. This occurs when the supply of starch in the diet exceeds
the digestive capacity of the small intestine. Precaecal digestability of oat starch is also
comparatively much better than other feeds (Jassim, 2006). Therefore, there are fewer chances to get
laminitis and colic in horses by feeding oats in comparision to the other cereals. Oat has relatively
low level of calcium and moderate levels of phosphorus and also low content of essential amino acid
leucin; hence if oats are being fed it should be balanced with lucern as green fodder or any other
pulse as concentrate.
Barley
Barley has higher energy and starch levels than the oats but has low precaecal/ preileal digestibility.
If equines are to be given substantial quantities of barley in their diet, then use of micronised or
extruded products is beneficial in minimising hindgut dysfunction (Maclean et al., 2000). Cooked
barley also increases its digestibility. Barley has low level of calcium.
Maize
It has highest energy value and lowest protein content among the common cereals fed to the horses.
Crushed maize should be fed to the horses.
Wheat
It is fed to horses in many parts of India, but it is not a traditional feed of horses. Wheat has high
quantity of carbohydrates. It has low calcium and high phosphorus

Nutrition for Infants, Children, and Adolescents Essay
Nutrition for Infants, Children, and Adolescents
Works Cited Not INcluded
Each child is a unique individual whose heredity and environment shape the course of his or her life.
Woven into the daily life are aspects of food and nutrition. What childhood memories of food do
you have? Are these memories healthy or unhealthy? Foods and their nutrients are essential to life.
In the beginning years of life an infant's nutritional health depends on the family unit. Parents must
have knowledge of the changing food needs of the child and must also have sufficient resources to
provide food, shelter, and clothing for the family. Equally important, parents create the cultural and
psychological environment that influences the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The respiratory system undergoes major changes as the newborn's lungs fill with air during the first
breath, and gas exchange across the pulmonary circulation abruptly replaces placental transfer.
Similarly, birth triggers a major transformation in nutritional pathways and metabolism of the
newborn. At a time when nutritional needs are high (per unit body weight higher than at any other
time after birth) the newborn must abruptly begin to swallow, digest, and absorb a variety of
complex proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. No longer are readily available simple substrates
provided by the mother via the placenta. The newborn begins to convert substrates–protein to
glucose, glucose to fat, and must adapt to a discontinuous supply of nutrients. Glycogen stored
during feedings must be converted to glucose to support energy needs between feedings. Adding
further to the vulnerability of the newborn period, many of the digestive and absorptive functions of
the newborn are incompletely developed (Schmitz, 1991).
To ease the transition through this turbulent period, the newborn needs to be provided with easily
digestible and bioavailable nutrition in the form of breast milk or infant formula. The infant depends
on a diet of closely regulated composition and does not achieve nutritional independence until
weaning.
Here I will focus on the physical growth

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Protein Powder
All of us want to build muscle, look sexy and have a great butt with washboard abs. We keep
stacking up more weights on that barbell when pressing or squatting. Let's face it, the more iron you
pump, the bigger you're going to get. Hey, but it's not all about the iron you know. Your body
composition since you were born, is made in the kitchen. You don't want to overload on fats and
carbs. You don't want to be binging on burgers and fries at Burger King every day. No, what you
want is to eat meals that are proportionate to your activity levels. You want to eat fresh and natural
food, preferably ones that you cook. Don't believe in steroids or other muscle bloating protein
supplements. Sure, they may be "clinically approved" – but that doesn't ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
They help you curb any sugar cravings while containing simple forms of starches without any
allergens that are present in grains. The best part of fruits is that they're so easy to have, just peel and
enjoy them. Have 1 or 2 medium sized fruits every day as a healthy snack or with dried nuts to make
them tastier. Mangoes, bananas, guavas, apples, jackfruit, pomegranates are rich in essential
vitamins and minerals. Blueberries are also quite among bodybuilders. Raw forms of fruits are
pretty beneficial as well. If you feel that fruits are too calorific in their ripe forms, instead switch to
unripened fruits. Eg. unripe mangoes, papayas, jackfruits are packed with protein and various
minerals while containing minimal sugar content. 20) Fruit seeds: Fruit seeds like cucumber,
pumpkin, muskmelon, cantaloupe, watermelon, and jackfruit are extremely rich in protein. Of
course, like any other grain or seed, they contain a few amounts of carbs as well. For seeds like
jackfruit, it's best to soak them in water and cooking them to have maximum benefits. Watermelon
seeds contain essential fats, vitamin B. A cup of watermelon seeds contains close to 30 grams of

Protein Shake Before Or After Workout Case Study
Protein Shake Before or After Workout?
You seem to be happy when you buy a protein drink, and now what will you do? Do you know how
to use it? Will you search through web browsers? How do you make sure that what you discover is
true?
Overall, many people believe that the speed of muscle growth and increased body energy are
directly proportional to the amount of protein intake. That is, they think that the more protein they
eat, the faster the muscle amplification time will be. This is certainly a big mistake, so be careful.
Eating too much protein can go beyond the amount of protein your body needs, leading to bloating
and digestive problems. This is a waste of money and a gross physical health. However, in this
article, we will show ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Many people take protein to build muscle and amplify it, ignoring the rest of the nutrients, and this
is a serious mistake because the human body needs twenty amino acid in order to work with strength
and efficiency.
The human body produces 11 amino acids on its own. The rest of the nine acids are from the foods
you eat. It should be noted that the nine amino acids are more important than the rest, so the person
needs to diversify his food in order to ensure access to all essential amino acids.
Protein Shake Before or After Workout?
What is the time to drink protein? Is it after workout or before? In fact, the studies and the
researches did not find a clear answer to these questions, but you can make your own schedule
according to your leisure time and your possessions. Most of all this is what you want, because your
desire will determine if it is correct before or after the workout because drink protein before workout
gives you energy, but after workout, it will refresh you, so what do you want?
1– Protein Shake Before Workout
You can have a protein drink before starting your workout. However, you should make sure that you
are able to tolerate the protein drink before workout, and you should consult your doctor or trainer.
Occasionally, this may cause pain in your stomach when you start workout. The best thing is to have
a protein drink with your meal

The Zone Diet And Protein Analysis
Earlier we learned that water is the main chemical in our bodies. Coming in number two is protein.
The word protein actually means "first substance" due to the fact that the first food fuel we ever
consumed was our mother's milk. Milk is the only food specifically designed to sustain mammalian
life and therefore human life. Milk has two protein groups:
Whey – which is the complete protein that makes milk so essential to life and;
Casein – which is used for manufacturing cheese and other milk by–products.
One of the problems you can have in understanding protein is that there is so much information out
there on protein, most of it contradictory, most of it wrong. It's time that you had the truth about
protein; just the facts and nothing but ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Single Free Form Amino Acids
Single free form amino acids are manufactured through fermentation by microorganisms in large
biological chambers. These can be manufactured as pharmaceutical grade pure injectables or as food
grade products. As food products, amino acids they are very costly, taste terrible, have poor
mixability, high digestive irritability and are absorbed relatively slowly.
3. Soy Protein
As scientists we find it particularly vexing that there is so much information being peddled by
marketing companies regarding soy protein being the best source of protein for women. This is due
to the fact that soy is a BIG business in the US. And soy manufacturers actually have lobbyists on
the payroll helping to create the big lie. There is no other way to state the facts other than to say that
calling soy the best, most complete protein for women is totally inaccurate as it is missing a highly
critical amino acid, methionine. Facts are facts and there is no way to dispute this

The Protein Status Of Children With Protein Energy...
1– How would you evaluate the protein status of children with PEM? Which markers would you use
and what are the expected results?
The protein status of children with protein energy malnutrition (PEM) can be assessed by complete
patient history and physical examination in which the skin would appear thinner and dull/discolored,
hair growth is restarted and hair may fall and there would be loss of lean body mass over long
period of time (Stipanuk and Caudill). The WHO recommends laboratory tests of blood glucose,
microscopic blood smears, hemoglobin, urine and stool examination& culture for ova and parasites,
serum albumin, and measurement of electrolytes (Lin et al.). The most commonly used method to
assess PEM is measurement of plasma ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The measurement of antioxidant status can also evaluate the PEM. Khare et al. concluded that stress
is present in PEM as a result of free reactive oxygen radicles and these cause membrane lipid
peroxidation and thus change in oxidant and antioxidant levels in the body may predict the disease
grading in PEM (Khare et al.)
2– Why nitrogen balance studies are considered to be better than the factorial method to estimate
protein requirements?
Although both methods have some limitations but the nitrogen balance studies are considered to be
better than the factorial method to estimate protein requirements because the factorial approach has
some uncertainties and assumptions involved during measurement of protein requirement
(Allowances). In many long term studies the nitrogen balance method is considered as most reliable
and better evidence to determine the protein requirement (Rand, Pellett and Young). The nitrogen
balance studies have linear relationship between the nitrogen balance and nitrogen intake and this in
not linear in factorial method (Morales, Craig and MacLean). In nitrogen method the direct
measurements of nitrogen balance have been implicated to measure the protein requirement during
disease and heathy conditions (Pencharz). This is not feasible by the factorial method to directly

Structure Of An Essential Amino Acid
Task 2: Protein Structure
Task 2a: model of an essential amino acid.
Methionine (C5H11NO2S) is a Non polar (hydrophobic) essential amino acid that contains a sulfur
atom. According to Wolf (2000), a hydrophobic molecule such as Methionine is usually located near
the center of a protein covered by hydrophilic molecules.
The R–group of Methionine is relatively non–reactive. It, therefore, plays more structural protein
roles than functional protein (Betts & Russell, 2003). Due to its non–reactivity Methionine does not
actively participate in chemical reaction that occurs at the active site of an enzyme. However, the
sulfur atom has potential for oxidation (Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics,
University of Arizona, 2003). Its flammability likelihood of low, but its combustibility potential can
be realized at high temperatures (Science lab, 2013).
Although the carboxyl end has a pKa of 2.28 and that of the amino end has a pKa pf 9.21 (Science
lab, 2013), the R–group of Methionine is neutral (Nave, 2012).
Task 2b: A series of diagrams, with clear labels, of the different levels of protein structure (i.e.
Primary, Secondary, Tertiary, Quaternary).
Task 2c: diagram that demonstrates how a peptide bond is made through dehydration, using a
complete chemical equation.
Task 2d: diagram that demonstrates how a peptide bond is broken through hydrolysis, using a
complete chemical equation.
Task 2e: Explain the four forces (i.e. bonds or interactions) that

The Importance Of A Well Balanced Diet With Adequate...
Proteins are a special nutrient that play an essential role in athletic performance. Unlike
carbohydrates and fats, proteins are not considered an immediate source of energy, but they are
definitely considered a backup. They are the go to nutrient, "to help the body build and repair
muscles, make red blood cells, maintain enzymes and hormones, and allow hair and fingernails to
grow," (Averbuch & Clark, pg.66). It is important that athletes understand the significance of a
well–balanced diet with adequate amounts of protein. There are two main types of protein:
"complete" and "incomplete". Complete proteins are primarily animal proteins which consist of
eggs, dairy products, meats, and fish. These types of proteins are considered high quality proteins
because they contain all 9 of the essential amino acids that the body cannot produce. They also
contain extra amino acids available for nonessential amino acid synthesis, and good digestibility.
Incomplete proteins are primarily plant proteins such as grains, beans, vegetables, fruits, nuts, and
seeds. Incomplete proteins lack one or more of the essential amino acids which is why it is highly
recommended to pair these types of proteins with a variety of others in order to complement each
other and fulfill the missing essential amino acids. "Each food provides a unique profile of proteins
and amino acid content, as well as other health benefits, and therefore a variety of protein sources
should be consumed throughout the day,"

Biochemistry Lab Report
Introduction
Biochemistry is the study of chemical processes within and relating to living organisms. Amino
acids play an important role in biochemistry because amino acids are found in living organisms in
both their free forms and bound by amide linkages in peptides and proteins. Amino acids may either
be regarded as the components which are found in proteins as they emerge from the ribosome or
alternatively they may be considered as the components found in proteins which are sufficient age
for post–ribosomal modification of some residues to have taken place.
Of the twenty primary protein constituents, the protein amino acid discussed here is Valine. Valine is
an aliphatic and extremely hydrophobic, branched–chain essential amino acid that has stimulant
activity found in humans. Valine is found in many proteins, mostly in the interior of globular
proteins helping to determine three–dimensional structure. As a glycogenic amino acid, valine works
to maintain mental vigor, muscle coordination, emotional calm add also promotes muscle growth
and tissue repair. Valine can be obtained from fish, meats, soy, cheese, and vegetables. Valine
supplements can also be bought for the enhancement of muscle growth, tissue repair, and energy.
Nomenclature and Structure of Valine
The nomenclature for amino acids can be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The importance of amino acids is that they serve as the building blocks for proteins as well as
starting points for the synthesis of many important cellular molecules such as vitamins and
nucleotides. The amino acids synthesis pathways can be grouped into several logical units. These
units reflect either common mechanisms or the use of common enzymes that synthesize more than
one amino acid. Each pathway begins with a central metabolite and the use of common compounds
instead of synthesizing them from scratch which saves energy and conserves genes since fewer
enzymes are needed to code for the

The Factors Of The Growth And Development Of Pigs
It has been known that the growth and development of muscle of pigs essentially requires dietary
supply of proteins, or its small subunits, which are amino acids (AA). There are 20 AA that serve as
building blocks for protein biosynthesis, but not all AA are essential amino acids (EAA) required
from diets because pigs can de novo synthesize 10 of them. (Liao et al., 2015). In addition, the EAA
are defined as those AA that require to be supplied in diets exogenously because pigs cannot
synthesize them or cannot be synthesized sufficiently for their metabolic requirements (Wang et al.,
2014). Among these essential AAs, lysine is the first limiting amino acid in swine diets because it is
the most deficient AA in nearly all typical swine diets ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Huyghebaert (1993) stated that the bioefficacy of two nutrient sources should only be compared
when the basal diet is clearly deficient in the nutrient to be tested. Baker (1986) suggested that the
basal diet should provide approximately 30 to 70% of animal nutrient requirement. Some of studies
supplied only 58% of the lysine requirement of 10 to 20 kg pigs based on NRC 1998 (Liu et al.,
2007), or only 55% of the lysine requirement of 10 to 20 kg pigs based on NRC 1998 (Smiricly–
Tjardes et al., 2004), whereas this study basal diet supplied 75% of SID lysine requirement for 30 to
90 kg pigs based on NRC 2012.
Lysine is the first limiting AA in corn–soybean meal based diets for pigs. Therefore, L–lysine
supplementation to swine diets become a common practice to meet lysine requirements in livestock
industry. Several studies indicated that increasing Lys levels from lysine deficient basal diets
improve ADG, feed efficiency, and nitrogen retention (Kirchgessner and Roth, 1996; Liu et al.,
2007). However, when alternative sources are considered to be replace L–Lys HCl, their bioefficacy
evaluation of alternative products should be tested because it will guarantee that accurate nutrient
contents of those products are supplied correctly in the feed formulation.
Alternative sources of L–Lys have been compared with standard L–lysine HCl to evaluate their
bioefficacy of supplemental L–Lys in different livestock species. In this study, over the 9 wk of

Protein Diets On Reprodution And Body Physiology
THE DINAMICS OF PROTEIN DIETS ON REPRODUTION AND BODY PHYSIOLOGY
Protein is a very important macro nutrient, that is required for almost all biological processes in a
living organism (Journel, Chaumontet, Darcel, Fromentin, & Tome, 2012).
They are the building blocks of the body and are made up of amino acids which are further
classified as essential and non– essential amino acids. Dietary protein provokes neuropeptides
secretions in the gut, which leads to metabolic hormones such as insulin produced in response to
nutrient absorption (Journel et al., 2012). The mammalian requirement for dietary protein (essential
amino acids) is controlled by the animals physiological activities like growth, folliculogenesis,
ovulation, fertilization, gestation, lactation and other form of reproductive activities (Harcourt–
Brown, 2002). Insufficient or lack of dietary protein or essential amino acid results in impaired
protein synthesis and poor tissue regeneration.
In the recent times the use of dietary protein as weight control and obesity checks have been
enphesize due to its role in satiaty and fat mass reduction (Halton and Hu 2004: (Pesta & Samuel,
2014; Phillips, 2014). This is as a result of its role in increased secretion of satiety hormones,
reduced ghrelin secretion and protein–induced alterations in gluconeogenesis to improve energy
methabolism whicheventually leads to nagative energy balance resulting to weight lost (Journel et
al., 2012; Pesta & Samuel, 2014). The impact

What is Sarcopenia?
Sarcopenia is a degenerative disease frequently associated with the age–related loss of muscle mass
and strength. Risk of sarcopenia increases at a rate of 3–8% per decade after age 30 and continues to
accelerate after the fifth decade of life (1, 616; 2, 1). Contributing factors of muscle degeneration
include: sedentary lifestyle, malnutrition, reduced protein turnover rate, lowered insulin response,
inflammatory changes, and decreased anabolic hormone production (3, 1073). Dietary protein is
essential in order to build muscle and avoid loss of lean body mass (4, 686). Evidence indicates
increased protein intake above the RDA of 0.8 g/kg per day in older adults will increase the anabolic
response of muscle (3, 1073).
High dietary protein ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A recent study observed the effects of amino acid infusion and results showed greater protein
synthesis and no change in protein breakdown; indicating increased amino acids are anabolic to
muscle in healthy older adults (3, 1076). A moderate serving of a 113 gram serving of lean protein
containing 30 grams of amino acids and 10 grams of essential amino acids increases muscle protein
synthesis by approximately 50% in the older adult population (1, 621).
Leucine is an essential amino acid recognized as particularly important for signaling and muscle
building (3, 1077). Leucine is activated through the pathway of a kinase known as mTOR (3, 1078).
Messenger ribonucleic acid translation, or mTOR, targets proteins involved in mRNA translation (3,
1078). Branched chain amino acid leucine with resistance exercise training is proposed to
regenerates muscle and enhances anabolic pathways while inhibiting catabolic pathways (2, 6).
Leucine is a direct stimulate for muscle protein synthesis through increasing messenger ribonucleic
acid translation (3, 1077). Protein synthesis was fully restored when 46% leucine enriched bolus was
distributed to a sample of older adults (2, 2). Leucine at levels of 26% (1.72 g leucine) and 41%
(2.79 g leucine) bolus increased muscle strength in the young but only the 41% bolus of leucine
essential amino acids was effective in older adults (1, 621). Leucine–enriched amino acids, with
levels of leucine

The Clinical Study Done By J. Bauer
The clinical study done by J. Bauer, S. Verlaan, I. Bautmans, and others was done to address the loss
of muscle strength, mass, and physical performance correlated with age. The researchers wanted to
test the effects of nutritional supplementation on improving mobility and muscular confinement by
reducing the effects of sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is described as the loss of muscular strength, mobility,
and tissue due to aging (Mostly found in elderly people). When aging, people experience sarcopenia,
they will start to lose the ability to do tasks that require endurance and strength, which leads to the
need for assisted care. Also, when elderly/aging people start to lose muscle mass and strength they
will be prone to an increased risk of injury. Ingesting supplements such as essential vitamins and
amino acids are fundamentally important in reducing the severity of sarcopenia. If the proper
number of nutrients are not taken it may lead to an increase in the onset of sarcopenia which
increases risk factors for overall health when aging. The researchers hypothesize that providing a
targeted nutritional supplement containing whey protein enriched with leucine (~1.2g/kg BW/day)
and vitamin D in a timely amount would result in the muscular and physical improvements
independent of physical exercise. (Bauer et al. 741)
The trial of this experiment would last approximately 13 weeks and would be controlled,
randomized, and double–blinded. The participants were recruited from

The Weight Restriction For Muscle Mass During Resistance...
Introduction Over the last few years, there has been an increasing weight lifting culture. Adepts of
the weight lifting community have developed all sorts of theories and training regimens in order to
optimise the gains in muscle mass during resistance training. Unfortunately, many methods
developed by these adepts have not yet been proved to be efficient by any scientific studies. Luckily,
some researchers have studied the responses of muscle protein metabolism to nutrition and exercise
and have enlightened us with knowledge regarding the function and importance of certain nutrients
in protein synthesis (K. Tipton & Wolfe, 2001)
When performing resistance training over a period of time, muscular mass can increase
(hypertrophy) in response to the specific stimulus induced on the muscle fibers during the exercise.
In order for the skeletal muscle to grow, net protein synthesis must occur (protein synthesis must
exceed protein breakdown). Net protein synthesis is non–achievable if resistance training is
performed alone without the intake of certain dietary nutrients (K. Tipton & Wolfe, 2001). Recent
evidence has shown that an increase in circulating amino acids induced by the consumption of
certain nutrients following exercise can increase the net protein balance due to stimulation of muscle
protein synthesis (Tang et al., 2007). Amino acids are the basic unit of protein structure and peptide
bonds link amino acids in chains that take on diverse forms and chemical

High Protein Diets Research Paper
There are a number of high protein diets that have been very popular in recent years. Many of them
were built on the premise that if protein was a fat burner, then more protein would mean more fat
burning. These diets suggested that you could lose weight and be healthy by eating extreme amounts
of protein while severely limiting the amount of carbohydrates (even the healthy ones). Protein can
be dangerous in amounts over the recommended amount and may be even more dangerous to those
who have certain health conditions or diseases. Before starting any kind of diet plan, it is important
to consult your doctor for suggestions and recommendations.
How Protein Works in Your Body
When you eat protein, it is broken down by the body into amino acids. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
A Better Protein Diet Plan
If the goal is to lose weight, experts suggest that a slight increase in protein coupled with a slight
decrease in fat grams might be a better and much healthier suggestion. The protein is more
satisfying, allowing you to reduce overall calories without feeling like you are starving (the reason
that most diets fail in the first place.) The calorie intake should be 50% complex carbohydrates, 30%
protein and 20% fat for the day. (Source: The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition).
Another option is a hybrid version of the old Atkins diet and the Mediterranean meal plans. Instead
of suggestions of eating burgers without buns, slabs of bacon and dozens of eggs, this plan suggests
fish as the main protein source at least every other day. It also suggests better, leaner animal protein
sources than the old diet plans, including turkey or chicken breasts. The plan does drop
carbohydrates down to around 30% of the overall calories, with most of them coming from healthy
vegetables. Fat is not omitted from the plan, with olive oil being the best choice. (Source: Cochran,
RD

What Are Branched Chain Amino Acids?
Build Awesome Muscles with Branched Chain Amino Acids.
What are Branched Chain Amino Acids?
Branched Chain Amino Acids, also known as BCAAs, is a group of 3 specific amino acids. BCAAs
can promote the production of muscle protein, help increase muscle mass, minimize muscle loss,
and prevent fatigue, allowing you to have a much harder workout.
BCAAs are essential nutrients which are obtained from the food we eat, especially meat, dairy
products and legumes. The name Branched Chain actually refers to the chemical structure of these
particular amino acids, which differs from the structure of the other 20 or so amino acids the body
uses to form proteins.
The three types of BCAAs.
The three types of BCAAs are Leucine, Oleucine, and Valine. Each has a specific function which
includes the ability to promote the production of muscle–building protein in the body.
Leucine. This amino acid is unique in its ability to promote protein production in the skeletal muscle
system. It is more anabolic in nature than other amino acids, which means it is a potent builder of
muscle and protein synthesiser.
Oleucine. Though weaker than Leucine, it is also able to promote the formation of protein in the
cells and muscles. However its claim to fame is that it increases the absorption and usage of glucose
during exercise, which is converted into energy.
Valine promotes muscle growth and tissue repair. It also helps prevent muscle break–down by
supplying the muscles with extra glucose for energy

The Simple Science Behind The Diet Plan
The simple science behind the diet plan.
Starting with the basics, we know we get energy from our food. That energy is measured in calories.
We get that energy from three sources: Fats, Carbohydrates, and Proteins. One gram of fat has 9
calories. One gram of Carbohydrates has 4 calories. One gram of Protein has 4 calories as well. We
also know to lose weight, one must take in less calories than he or she burns in a day. In similar
fashion, to gain weight or muscle one must take in more calories than one burns in a day.
These diet plans are based on calorie restriction and calorie expansion. That alone is not enough.
The diets are both macronutrients and micronutrient balanced. With slight variation on which meats
you choose, The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Comprised of 22g fiber; 39g sugar; 20g saturated fat; 13g poly un; 15 mono un; 3,977mg potassium;
83% vitamin A; 70% vitamin C; 323% calcium; 87% iron. Just as with the first, a legitimate
multivitamin should be taken in accordance with this plan.
Supplements
(disclaimer: make sure you know how these substances affect your body before use)
The number one question I'm asked, what supplements are you taking? I've tried tons of over the
counter supplements, but I've never taken anything illegal. It 's possible to be in amazing shape with
a proper diet and protein intake alone. I understand people want fast results. People want immediate
gratification. Diet and exercise are about breaking our western habit of expecting immediate
gratification. When I started out, I tried so many of the boosters, thermagins, blockers, and
enhancers. I honestly have found only a few things that had any effect on me.
Caffeine: if used in moderation, as a dietary supplement can accelerate weight loss.
Beta–alanine: the limiting amino acid in carnosine synthesis, meaning that its presence in the
bloodstream is directly tied to muscle carnosine levels.
Creatine monohydrate: the most cost–effective dietary supplement in terms of muscle mass and
strength gains.
Aniracetam: A nootropic supplement that has the potential to actually improve your brain and
thought processes.

Whey Isolate: Generally contains as much as 90–96% protein.The advantage of

Fish Amino Acid Fertilizer
Foreign References:JP0180982 September, 1985 71/16 JP63260885 October, 1988 JP4182377 June,
1992 TW183699 May, 1992 Other References:CA 94(7):46144u, Natural Fertilizer Composition
Hamaoka, 1980. Primary Examiner:Lander, Ferris Attorney, Agent or Firm:Young &
Thompson Claims:What is claimed is: 1. A method of producing an organic fertilizer by using fish,
said method comprising the steps of preparing a raw material containing more than 80% of fish
heads, boiling the raw material to obtain a stock, removing solids and oil contents from the stock to
obtain stock liquid, thereafter treating the stock liquid in a decomposition tank with decomposing
enzyme for enzyme decomposition, filtering the enzyme–decomposed stock ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Then, solids and oil contents are removed from the boiled stock to obtain a stock solution and this
stock solution is supplied to a decomposition tank to treat it by enzyme decomposition. In the
aforementioned enzyme–decomposition step, enzyme decomposition may be carried out by adding
one or more than two protein decomposing enzyme, fat decomposing enzyme and the like to the
stock solution in the decomposition tank. A preferred decomposing enzyme used in the
decomposition tank is a bacterial protein decomposing enzyme, such as NEOVITALASE SUPER
(which is a trade name manufactured by Towa Koso in Japan). With the use of the aforementioned
enzyme, gelatin and protein are rapidly decomposed in the stock solution, and a separation operation
in a filter can easily be carried out. Enzyme decomposition in the decomposition tank is carried out
by increasing a temperature of the stock solution to about 50°–60° C., and keeping it for about 30
minutes to 3 hours, preferably 1–2 hours, and after decomposition, the temperature is raised to
higher than 95° C. to deactivate the decomposing enzyme. The stock solution enzyme–decomposed
as described above is separated into a solid content and a liquid content and then the separated liquid
content is filtered to form a clarified liquid.

Essential Amino Acids

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Essential Amino Acids

Similar to Essential Amino Acids (8)

More from Ashley Davis

More from Ashley Davis (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Essential Amino Acids