Before coming to lab carefully read the previous pages on Deuterostom.pdf

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Before coming to lab carefully read the previous pages on Deuterostome Dissection k Chordata (Osteichthyes and Amphibia) Lab then answer these pre-lab questions. Be prepared to hand in your responses to the pre-lab questions at the start of lab. Explain five advantages of living a life in the water rather than moving onto land? Explain five disadvantages of staying in the water rather than moving onto the land? Solution 2. Less availability of oxygen Lack of solid surface for adherence Less availability or lack of sunlight after few meters under water Water living species need fins or tails for easily movement under water. That makes an obligatory adaptation for organisms. Different mechanisms need for survival in marine water and freshwater..

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What are the fuctional need of a road? What is road building system? Solution Prob. 1 Different classes of roads are constructed with different geometric design and to meet the different funcitonal needs. 1. The Arterial Interstate roads/highways are constructed to interconnect states of a country with high mobility and access to major cities. 2. Expressways are contructed to provide a function of very hight mobility in a particular direction or connected some major cities of a country so as to reduce the time of travel. There access and egress points are limited and therefore the traffic is to and fro from the major end points only. 3. Similar to major arterial roads, there are minor arterial roads which serve the smaller areas and lengths. In urban areas their function is to connect major metropolitan cities, while in rural parts, they connect major cities and towns. 4. The collector roads are constructed to function as the feeder roads for the arterial roads. They collect the traffic from the local roads and lead them to the arterial roads. There lengths and amount of traffic puts them into one of the two categories of major or minor collector roads. 5. Then there are the local roads constructed to cater the transportation needs in different localities. There lengths are limited to their respective locality but if we calculate the total lengths of the local roads in a country, they form the largest road network by mileage..

What are the fuctional need of a roadWhat is road building system.pdf

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Why does Germany have to be assertive in the EU? Solution Answer Germany\'s talk of a new, more assertive foreign policy that relies more heavily on its military is, however, not solely linked to concerns over Russia or the United States. Germany has accepted that its only option is to rally Europe but as the past six years have shown, it has had limited success on the economic front. The European Union is an economic entity, but economics has turned from being the binding element to being a centrifugal force. Either something new must be introduced into the European experiment, or it might come undone. Berlin believes that holding the European Union together requires adding another dimension that it heretofore has withheld in its dealing with the bloc: military-political relations. Standing up to a weakening Russia will appeal to Central European nations, and taking a more active role overseas would endear Berlin to Paris. Germany\'s allusions that it would expand its international military operations, particularly in Africa, is a clear nod to France, which has consistently expressed its desire for a deeper military and political partnership with Germany. Notably, the drive to bring Germany closer to France in the short term could create tensions between them in the long term. Last week\'s summit between British Prime Minister David Cameron and French President Francois Hollande was a reminder that France and the United Kingdom may have extremely different views regarding the European Union but still see each other as a military partner and, more important, as a counterweight to Germany. Of course, Germany is in no position to take military action. It is in a position to posit the possibility in some vague way, thereby generating political forces that can temporarily hold things together. Berlin needs to buy time, particularly in Central Europe, where Hungary has embarked on an independent course and is being watched carefully by others. With the United States unwilling to become involved, Germany either becomes the counterweight or lives with the consequences. At first, Germany\'s actions seemed confusing and uncharacteristic. But they become more sensible when you consider that that Berlin is looking for other tools to hold the European Union together as it re-evaluates Russia. So far, Germany\'s announcement has been met positively, mainly outside Germany, but the tensions that a stronger and more assertive Berlin exerts on the European continent and the global stage are sure to come to the fore again. For now, however, Merkel has no choice..

Why does Germany have to be assertive in the EUSolutionAnswer.pdf

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What is the link between wealth and welfare? Do governments have a responsibility to address welfare? Solution Wealth refers to the monetary value of net assets and income earned and accumulated by an economic entity. Welfare relates to the increase in overall standard of living, including non- monetary standards. In general it is presumed that higher wealth leads to higher welfare. However, that holds true only an an individual level - individuals raise their standard of living and higher welfare state, as they gather more wealth. But at an aggregative level, an overall nation\'s wealth doesn\'t define its welfare state. That is why, the welfare programs are mostly undertaken by the government to ensure that the standard of living and overall welfare be raised for those sections of the society who cannot afford it. Governments spend a considerable portion of their GDP every year for welfare programs..

What is the link between wealth and welfare Do governments have a r.pdf

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Which of the following are ways nutrients can enter the root cells .pdf

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What is E coli? Solution E.coli is a bacteria that normally live in the intestine of humans or animals some type of E.coli can form infection which can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever if the infection is severe it can cause bloody diarrhea even kidney failure. E. coli is most studied free living organism indeed some of the E.coli are beneficial. the major cause for E.coli infection is the contaminated food. Molecular biologist love E.coli because they have some features that make them perfect DNA and protein producing facteries for genetic engineering. They have a short life span of (20 min betwwen two cell division) can cultivated easily in large amount under very simple condition they contains circular DNA in addition to Nucleoid. Such extrachromosomal circular DNA molecule are called plasmids..

What is E coliSolutionE.coli is a bacteria that normally live.pdf

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Where does mitosis occur in the bodies of vascular plants? Solution Ans. The following cells/ tissue in the vascular plants show mitotic events- I. Meristem tissues: Apical meristems (primary meristem) of shoot and root is under constant mitotic divisions. Mitosis in these regions is the primary factor responsible for primary growth (longitudinal, increase in height). Secondary meristems divide mitotically and responsible for lateral growth (increase in thickness). II. Parenchyma cell (ex- xylem and phloem parenchyma) constituting the parenchymatous tissue show totipotency i.e. under appropriate conditions, these calls can dedifferentiate into embryonic cells and form the entire plant through mitoses. These cells also may also divide to form new cells meant for tissue repair..

Where does mitosis occur in the bodies of vascular plantsSoluti.pdf

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Which of the following are the three properties of data? A. mean, median, mode B. mean, standard deviation, skewness C. location, dispersion, shape D. none of the above What does the standard deviation infer about the mean’s usefulness in portraying it as a “representative” average value of our data? A. the larger the standard deviation the more representative the mean is as a “representative” average B. the smaller the standard deviation the less representative the mean is as a “representative” average C. the smaller the standard deviation the more representative the mean is as a “representative” average D. none of the above If the mean and the median are both larger than the mode, and the mean is greater than the median, what information about the shape of the distribution can we conclude? A. it is symmetrical B. it is bell-shaped C. it is skewed to the right D. it is skewed to the left Solution 1. It is OPTION B: Mean, standard deviation, skewness 2. The smaller the standard deviation, the close the data to the mean. Thus, it is OPTION C: the smaller the standard deviation the more representative the mean is as a “representative” average 3. It is skewed to the right, as most data points are less than (to the left of the mean). Hence, SKEWED TO THE RIGHT. [OPTION C].

Which of the following are the three properties of dataA. mean, m.pdf

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What is the range of clinical signs/symptoms of C. difficile infection in humans? Solution Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a symptomatic infection due to the spore forming bacterium, clostridium difficile. The CDI is spread by bacterial spores found within faeces. The main symptoms / signs of clostridium difficile infection includes: 1. Water diarrhoea 10 to 15 times a day 2. Abdominal cramping and pain, which may be severe 3. Rapid heart rate and fever 4. Blood or pus in the stool 5. Nausea, dehydration and loss of appetite. 6. Complications may include pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, perforation of colon, and sepsis..

What is the range of clinical signssymptoms of C. difficile infecti.pdf

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What was Kant\'s ideas regarding retributive punishment? Solution Kant idea of redistributive justice: \"Judicial punishment can never be used merely as a means to promote some other good for the criminal himself or for civil society, but instead it must in all cases be imposed on him only on the ground that he has committed a crime.\" Kant regards punishment as a matter of justice, and it must be carried out by the state for the sake of the law, not for the sake of the criminal or the victim. He argues that if the guilty are not punished, justice is not done. Further, if justice is not done, then the idea of law itself is undermined..

What was Kants ideas regarding retributive punishmentSolution.pdf

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What are the major events that occur during each stage in the life cycle of a cell such as a skin cell, i.e., interphase, prophase Metaphase Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis? Assume you are a court reporter that has to explain these stages to your readers with as little jargon as possible. How does the dell division differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Clearly these differences may be difficult for the prokaryotes in the jury to follow unless you how the similarities and differences. Solution Answer: 1. Stages of Mitosis: a. Interphase: Cell grows and makes a copy of DNA. b. Prophase: Nuclear envelope breakdown, chromosomes condenses and spindle formation takes place. c. Metaphase: Chromosomes are lined up precisely on the metaphase plate, or middle of the cell. d. Anaphase: Spindle pulls sister chromatids apart. e. Telophase: Chromatids begin to decondense and become chromatin. Spindle disappears. f. Cytokinesis: Divide cell and organelles. Actin ring, or cleavage furrow splits cell. 2. Prokaryotic cells Binary fission: Prokaryotic cells are simple in structure when compared to eukaryotic cells. They contain non- membranous organelles, lack a cell nucleus, and have a simplistic genome: only one circular chromosome of limited size. Therefore, prokaryotic cell division, a process known as binary fission, is fast. The chromosome is duplicated prior to division. The two copies of the chromosome attach to opposing sides of the cellular membrane. Cytokinesis, the physical separation of the cell Eukaryotic cells Mitosis: The division of the nucleus, separating the duplicated genome into two sets identical to the parent\'s. Cytokinesis: The division of the cytoplasm, separating the organelles and other cellular components. Meiosis: The division of the nucleus in sex cells, making one cell into four sex cells identical to the parent sex cell. Eukaryotic cells divide by separating the duplicated chromosomes, through movements directed by microtubles. it protect the organ system of our body. Degradation: Multicellular organisms replace worn-out cells through cell division. In some animals, however, cell division eventually halts. In humans this occurs on average, after 52 divisions, known as the Hayflick limit. The cell is then referred to as senescent. Senescent cells deteriorate and die, causing the body to age. Cells stop dividing because the telomeres, protective bits of DNA on the end of a chromosome, become shorter with each division and eventually can no longer protect the chromosome. Cancer cells, on the other hand, are \"immortal.\" An enzyme called telomerase, present in large quantites in cancerous cells, rebuilds the telomeres, allowing division to continue indefinitely. Daughter chromosomes : During the metaphase stage of mitosis, chromosomes, which become aligned on the equatorial plane, take on the shape of an \"X\" as a result of a repelling force between chromosomes. The lobes of the chromosome in this shape are called \'sister ch.

What are the major events that occur during each stage in the life cy.pdf

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What challenges do corporations face with regards to social media? Solution Answer: With the advent of internet , social media turned the life into new stage. Before internet , childrens were busy in playing toys. But today\'s generation busy in playing vedio games online on the computer. All round change is there. Wherever we look , all are busy on their tabs , laptops and mobile phones : chating , vedio calling and making VoIP calls . Social media is good to bring people together , keep friends in touch all the time. But excess of everything is bad. Students in colleges and universities , employees in the companies pay more attention on chating and vedio calling rather than what actually they came for. According to a research conducted recently Proofpoint found that 8 % companies had terminated employees because of social media usage. As the employees sharing their sensitive information in the social media that could be vulnerable to the whole database of the company. Here are few challenges that every should plan : 1. Integration 2. Governance 3. Culture 4. Human Resources 5. Cyber Bullying Crisis 6. Personal opinions.

What challenges do corporations face with regards to social media.pdf

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Use De Moivres theorem to change the given complex number to the fo.pdf

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There are no organs for excretion and gas exchange in cnidarians. How do they accomplish these two functions? Solution Humans have lungs which is well developed to breath in and expel out the gases. In fishes, the gills plays role in respiration. In certain organisms like frogs even skin also act in passive exchange of gases. Cnidarians like in water but they do not have any gills to respire. They are not well developed to possess lungs. Diffusion is the process which could be seen in exchange of gases in cnidarians. The gaseous particles move from higher concentration to lower concentration through direct diffusion in cnidarians. Cnidarians lack digestive, excretory and circulatory systems. Gastrovascular cavity plays main role in digestion and distribution of food particles throughout the body in cnidarians and also in expelling waste materials to out through its single opening. This gastrovascular cavity has a single opening which both acts as mouth and anus. This gastrovascular cavity functions in respiration, digestion, and discharge of gametes. All the food particles/waste particles enter and exit the gastrovascular cavity through its single opening. Nitrogenous waste materials have been removed in the form of ammonia have been excreted through body surfaces..

There are no organs for excretion and gas exchange in cnidarians. How.pdf

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the term with the definition. Duality Of Effects Journal Entry An amount that is posted on the left side of a T-account or ledger B. Assets are initially recorded at the amount paid to acquire them. C. The mechanism used to record each transaction in the General Posting Journal. Debit D. A summary of account names and numbers E. The concept that any transaction must have at least two effects Chart Of Accounts on the accounting equation F. When journal entries are recorded in the appropriate T-account. G. An amount that is posted on the right side of a T- account. T-Account A detailed listing of debits and credits for a specific account within the General Ledger. Credit Solution Duality of effects The concept that any transaction must have atleast two effects on the accounting equation Journal entry The mechanism used to record each transaction in the General Journal Posting When journal entries are recorded in the appropriate T-account Debit An amount that is posted on the left side of a T-account or ledger Chart of accounts A summary of account names and numbers T-account A detailed listing of debits and credits for a sepcific account within the genral ledger Credit An amount that is posted on the right side of a T- account.

the term with the definition. Duality Of Effects Journal Entry An amo.pdf

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Two proteins are normally found in the cytosol. They are involved in DNA double strand break repair. When DNA damage is detected, they enter the nucleus and locate on the DNA to fix it. After the process is complete, they exit the nucleus. Explain how the proteins are activated and their entry into and exit from the nucleus. Solution Different proteins involved in such functions may undergo activation and transport by different mechanisms. I\'ll describe the most commonly used mechanism. When DNA double strand break is detected, lets say during the cell-cycle checkpoints, the cyclin-dependent kinases phosphorylate repairing proteins, causing them to get activated. The phosphorylated, activated protein may be recognized by transporter proteins that traffick them to the nuclear compartment. During the repairing process, the phosphorylated proteins would usually lose the phosphate (such as during trade-offs for the energy required for the repair, or another accessory protein involved in repair may cause de-phosphorylation). The repair protein, devoid of its phosphate group, may then be transported out of the nucleus back into the cytosol..

Two proteins are normally found in the cytosol. They are involved in .pdf

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Two components operate in parallel in a device, so the device fails .pdf

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That assignment had 2 part. I already complated part 1. and collected the phasor frequency and magnitude datas. My code is here: I need to write a new code to answer those question. Please help me i dont know how to do those. Many thanks. You can find .wav file from this website any .wav file will be okay.http://www.grsites.com/archive/sounds/category/10/ HERE IS MY PART 1 OF THIS ASSIGNMENT CODE. clc clear all [y, Fs] = audioread(\'chirp.wav\'); % Reading file Fs = 8192; % Sampling frequency N=length(y); T=1/Fs; Fmax=Fs/2; T0=N*T; %duration of the signal. t =[1/Fs:1/Fs:N/Fs] % Time Vector sound(y,Fs); % Plays .wav file hold on subplot(3,1,1); plot(t,y, \'c\'); % Plots input signal xlabel(\'Time\'); ylabel(\'Amplitude\'); title(\'Input Signal\') Xr=fft(y); %use FFT to find DFT freq1 =[-Fmax:Fs/N:Fmax-(Fs/N)]; %freq1 = linspace(1,Fs,length(y)); %%%frequency vector subplot(3,1,2); a=fftshift(Xr); c=abs(a); plot(freq1, c, \'r\'); %%%Stem Plot xlabel(\'Freq\'); ylabel(\'Amplitude\'); title(\'Fourier Transform (Magnitude)\'); Xr_phase=angle(a); %Calculation of %phase subplot(3,1,3); plot(freq1,Xr_phase,\'g\') %Use %fftshift to %shift zero frequency component xlabel(\'Phase\'); ylabel(\'Frequency\'); title(\'Phase Plot\'); %%% saving text file in ASCII foramt%% % 1st column- frequency%% % 2nd column- magnitude components%% % 3rd column- phase (deg) components%% A(:,1)=freq1; A(:,2)=c; A(:,3)=Xr_phase; save(\'parameters.txt\',\'A\', \'-ASCII\') THIS PART HAS BEEN COMPLETED NO NEED TO RE DO IT AGAIN. ITS CODE IS IN THE ABOVE. This picture is only information purposes to understand part 2 of the assignment. Signal Synthesizer (part-2) 1. Read the analyzed value (magnitude, phase and frequency) from ASCII files. 2. Re-create sinusoid using the following equation for each set of (magnitude, phase and frequency) A Cos (2nft G) 3. Combine all sinusoids and plot the signal (this is regenerated signal). 4. Compare this combined signal with original chirp signal 5. Play the regenerated signal (It should sound like the original audio signal). 6. Store the synthesized audio signal in a WAV file (name it chirp synthesized.wav). Solution freq2=A(:,1)\'%freq Components; c2=A(:,2)\';%magnitude components Xr_phase2=A(:,3)\'; %phase (deg) components%%; for i=1:1:length(c2) signalA(i)=c2(i)*cos((2*pi*freq2(i)*t(i))+Xr_phase2(i)); end figure(2) plot(t,signalA); sound(signalA,Fs);.

That assignment had 2 part. I already complated part 1. and collecte.pdf

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Book Fundamental of Biostatistics 7th editionProblem pg. 67 #3.1.pdf

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Stre cell Tran and Homeostasis 5. special proteins in the membrane that aid diffuvion membeane protein that forms a small hole that anowsions raw through 7, an active transport protein 8 diffusioe with the help of transport proteins 9, the movement of a substance across a membrane without any help from echer molecules 10. the transport or very large molecules, such as proteins transport across a membrane in which energy is required active transport b channel protein facilitated diffusion h. passive transport i, sodium potassium pump transport protein k, vesicle transport Lesson 3.3: Vocabulary ll Class Date Fil in the blank with the appropriate lennt. I. By moving substances into and out of cells the process of keeping stable coeditious inside a cel, is maintained. 2. A protein changes shape as it camiesions or molecules across the membrane, 3, Exocytosis is the type transport that moves a substance out of the cell. of 4. transport is movement across the plasma membrane that does not require an input ofenergy. 5. The sodium- potassium nvolved in the active-transport of ions. 6. Facilitated diffusion needs the help of proteins refers to the number of particles of a substance per unit of volume. 8. is the type of vesicle transport that moves a substance into the cell. 9. Energy for active transport is supplied by molecules of is the diffusion of water. concentration to an area of 1. During active transport, a substance is moving from an area of concentration. Solution answer:1)exocytosis. 2)transport protein. 3)active transport. 4)passive 5)faciliated diffusion 6)channel protein 7)vesicle transport 8)endocytosis 9)diffusion 10)osmosis 11)lower concentration to higher concentration.(sodium potassium pump)..

Stre cell Tran and Homeostasis 5. special proteins in the membrane th.pdf

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Let X and Y be two continuous random variables with probability density functions fX (x) and fY (y). (a) Determine an expression for the density of their difference, fXY , if X and Y are independent. (b) Use your expression to compute the density for X Y for X Unif[0, 1] and Y Unif[0,1]. (c) What is the density of the sum X+Y for XUnif [0,1] and Y Unif [0,1]? (d) How are the answers to parts (b) and (c) similar? What assumptions on X and Y make this so? Prove your observation is true by manipulating your expression in part (a). Solution.

Let X and Y be two continuous random variables with probability dens.pdf

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