There are no organs for excretion and gas exchange in cnidarians. How.pdf
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There are no organs for excretion and gas exchange in cnidarians. How do they accomplish these two functions? Solution Humans have lungs which is well developed to breath in and expel out the gases. In fishes, the gills plays role in respiration. In certain organisms like frogs even skin also act in passive exchange of gases. Cnidarians like in water but they do not have any gills to respire. They are not well developed to possess lungs. Diffusion is the process which could be seen in exchange of gases in cnidarians. The gaseous particles move from higher concentration to lower concentration through direct diffusion in cnidarians. Cnidarians lack digestive, excretory and circulatory systems. Gastrovascular cavity plays main role in digestion and distribution of food particles throughout the body in cnidarians and also in expelling waste materials to out through its single opening. This gastrovascular cavity has a single opening which both acts as mouth and anus. This gastrovascular cavity functions in respiration, digestion, and discharge of gametes. All the food particles/waste particles enter and exit the gastrovascular cavity through its single opening. Nitrogenous waste materials have been removed in the form of ammonia have been excreted through body surfaces..
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Entry life structure for middle adulthood
Solution
Q6:
Correct Answer:
Culminating life structure for early adulthood
Explanation:
As per the given theory, settling down takes place during the transition of culminating life
structure for early adulthood.
Q7:
Correct Answer:
Have dreams that place a greater emphasis on relationships as compared to men
Explanation:
According to the Levinson theory, a woman has dreams that has been split between relationship
and achievements. Though, on comparative basis with men, women give more emphasis on
relationship rather achievements.
Maslow Hierarchy of needs:
Correct Answer:
Belongingness and love
Maslow has created hierarchy of needs. In this hierarchy, different needs are categorized and
placed above each other. In this, love and belongingness is placed one level above safety needs.
According to Maslow:
Correct Answer:
According to Maslow, A self-actualized person is self-directed
Explanation:
Self-actualization need is placed at highest level in Maslow hierarchy of need. It means that self-
actualized person is self-directed..
Answer the following questions. EMB is considered to be both a _ medi.pdf
Answer the following questions. EMB is considered to be both a _ media and a media; the -
agent in the media is_, which stops _ bacteria from growing.
Solution
EMB is considered to be both a differential media and a selective media; the selective agent in
the media is dyes( eosinand methylene blue), which stops the gram positive bacteria from
growing..
A. The statement Evolutionists cannot point to any transitional fo.pdf
A. The statement \"Evolutionists cannot point to any transitional fossils\" is very frustrating to
the scientific community. Answer the following questions. 1. What does a creationist mean by
transitional form vs. what a scientist means by transitional form?
2. What is the frustration issue?
B. You are an evolutionary biologist in a heated argument with a creation scientist who makes
the statement—\"Mathematically, it is inconceivable that anything as complex as a protein, let
alone a living cell or a human, could spring up by chance\". 1. Make a supporting statement for
chance.
2. Now play the other side and respond to the supporting statement as you think a creation
scientist would respond.?
Solution
The creationists do not believe in evolution, they believe that god created the earth and he only
destroys it . they believe in the theory of intelligent design, therefore:
answer A: 1: creationist mean that the transitional forms are a result of intelligent design by god
and are not due to natural selection or evolution, whereas, scientists believe that transitional
forms are a product of natural selection and they are like missing links that fill in the gaps
between two phylums. As one phylum progresses to evolve in another phylum, some of the
characters of advanced phylum remain in the animals giving rise to the transitional forms like the
archeopteryx.
2. The frustration issue might be that there is a proof that such transitional forms existed and
were very rare, they have been found in the fossilized form worldwide and yet the creationists
continue to say that any such forms or organisms don\'t exist..
Culture of bacteria is having trouble dividing. Choose from the list.pdf
Culture of bacteria is having trouble dividing. Choose from the list of genes to show which of
them might have a mutation responsible for the following malfunctions. Choose the best gene for
each malfunction. All will not be used.
ftsZ
minC
zipA
xerD
DNA pol III
dnaA
TOPOIV
Malfunction 1-Two daughter cells result, but one has two copies of the chromosome
concatenated into a big circle.
Malfunction 2-Replication never starts.
Malfunction 3-Cell divides at the poles
Malfunction 4-DNA replication has slowed such that it is not finished with the whole genome by
the time cell is trying to septate.
Solution
Malfunction 1-Two daughter cells result, but one has two copies of the chromosome
concatenated into a big circle.
-TOPO IV Introduces single-stranded break into concatenated chromosomes to release them
from each other. And if it is mutated then concatenated chromosomes are not separated and may
be one cell has two copies of chromosome into big circle.
Malfunction 2-Replication never starts.
-DnaA is a protein that activates initiation of DNA replication in bacteria. So if this protein is
mutated then replication is not initiated I.e. never starts.
Malfunction 3-Cell divides at the poles.
-MinC is known to dimerize and functions as an FtsZ protein inhibitor(It forms a ring at the site
of constriction). And if MinC is mutated then cell divides at poles.
Malfunction 4-DNA replication has slowed such that it is not finished with the whole genome
by the time cell is trying to septate.
-DNA pol III is the main enzyme that adds nucleotides in the 5 to 3 direction I.e
It helps in strand elongation. But this is mutated then DNA replication is not appropriate..
Create a class named Student that has the following member variables.pdf
Create a class named Student that has the following member variables: first name (string), last
name(string), student identification number(int), an integer array where the grades of all classes
are stored, grade point average (gpa) (float). Write appropriate constructor, mutator and accessor
functions for the class along with the following A function that inputs all values from the user
(except for gpa) A function that outputs the names and gpa of students
Solution
/* Java Programme for Grades Calculation */
import java.util.Scanner;
public class Student
{
//Private varibles declaration
private String firstName;
private String lastName;
private int sid;
private int[] grades= new int[10];
int[] tempgrades= new int[10];
int noc;
private float gpa=0;
//Constructor method
Scanner in=new Scanner(System.in); //scanner class object for reading input
public static void main(String[] args)
{
Student st=new Student(); //creating object and calling default constructor
st.readInput();
st.calgpa();
}
//Mutator for firstName
public void setfirstName(String firstName)
{
this.firstName = firstName;
}
//Mutator for lastName
public void setlastName(String lastName)
{
this.lastName = lastName;
}
//Mutator for sid
public void setsid(int sid)
{
this.sid = sid;
}
//Mutator for grades
public void setgrades(int[] grades)
{
this.grades = grades;
}
void readInput() //Function to read input data
{
System.out.println(\"Enter First Name\ \"); //Prompt for name
String temp=in.nextLine(); //reading name
setfirstName(temp); //calling mutator for firstName
System.out.println(\"Enter Last Name\ \"); //Prompt for last name
String temp1=in.nextLine(); //read last anme
setlastName(temp1); //calling mutator for lastName
System.out.println(\"Enter Student ID\ \"); //prompt for student id
int temp2=in.nextInt(); //read student id
setsid(temp2); //calling mutator for sid
System.out.println(\"Enter Number of classes ID\ \"); //Prompt for Number of classes
noc=in.nextInt(); //read Number of classes
System.out.println(\"Enter Grades of classes ID\ \"); //Prompt for Grades of classes
for(int i=0;i Gpa : \" + gpa+\"\ \"); //Dispaly output
}
}
Output :
javac Student.java //Compilation of java programme
java Student //running java programme
Sample output :
Enter First Name
Ashok
Enter Last Name
Kumar
Enter Student ID
101
Enter Number of classes ID
4
Enter Grades of classes ID
10
9
8
7
First Name : Ashok Last Name : Kumar Student Id : 101 --> Gpa : 8.5.
You identify four mutant strains that cannot synthesize Compound E. E.pdf
You identify four mutant strains that cannot synthesize Compound E. Each strain contains a
single mutation. You test the ability of each of these mutants to grow when a specific compound
(known to be an intermediate in the synthesis of Compound E) is added to the minimal growth
medium. In the table below, the ability to grow is represented by \"+\" and the inability to grow
is represented by \"-\". Propose a biosynthetic pathway for the synthesis of Compound E.
Compounds that are added to the growth media a. Draw the biosynthetic pathway for Compound
E, indicating the order in which the intermediates are generated and which step is affected by
each mutant. b. You isolate a fifth mutant and show that it complements all five of the mutants
described above. When tested for growth on compounds A-E, it shows a pattern identical to
mutant 2. How could you explain this result?
Solution
Answer:
The biosynthetic pathway for compound E starts with compound A. Compound A produce
compound D. From compound D, compound C is obtained and compound D is the immediate
precursor for compound E.
In the second part of the question a fifth mutant has been introduced. Which is having same
scenario as mutant 2. It indicates both mutation effects the same loci or loci of same function in
the individual..
9. Identify at least two factors that influence the degree of stoc.pdf
9. Identify at least two factors that influence the degree of stochasticity in birth and death rates
for a species/population of your choosing. Identify the species/population and tell us which
factors and why those factors affect stochasticity.
9. Identify at least two factors that influence the degree of stochasticity in birth and death rates
for a species/population of your choosing. Identify the species/population and tell us which
factors and why those factors affect stochasticity.
Solution
Environmental fluctuations: a major factor that influences the degree of stochasticity in birth and
death rates for a species, result in changes in high to low birth & death rates that cause higher
alteration in stages of demographic transition. For example, a majority of bird species &
butterflies have undergone extinction due to \"industrial revolution followed by the degree of
stochasticity in birth and death rates of species\" finally triggered environmental fluctuation
Inbreeding depression: this is leading to low fitness finally trigger that influence the degree of
stochasticity in birth and death rates for a species/population. Inbreeding results in decreased
heterozygous alleles and increase in homozygous alleles. This results in increased chances of
inheriting the deleterious alleles or the recessive alleles, which would cause increase in genetic
disorders and decrease in allelic diversity finally low level of birth rate to death rate
Immigration/emmigration events:
the total population changes with immigration & emigration events in a particular area or country
based on pre-industrial, environmental, natality & moratility rates and the population growth
(influence the degree of stochasticity in birth and death rates) and reduction are both explained in
5 stages of model.
The major comparison of stage II is to a country in stage IV, “growth rate is higher in stage II
due to higher sanitation and higher food supply as a result higher life expectancy & low infant
mortality compared to the growth rate and fertility rate observed in stage IV. Stage IV is
composed of population with life expectancy is lower compared to stage II as a result both birth
rate & death rate are lower. This is leading to proportion of the population less than 15 years of
age in stage IV (low demographic transition) with low economy compared to stage II finally
result in low fertility of population with inadequate food sources in the population..
What are the fuctional need of a roadWhat is road building system.pdf
What are the fuctional need of a road?
What is road building system?
Solution
Prob. 1
Different classes of roads are constructed with different geometric design and to meet the
different funcitonal needs.
1. The Arterial Interstate roads/highways are constructed to interconnect states of a country with
high mobility and access to major cities.
2. Expressways are contructed to provide a function of very hight mobility in a particular
direction or connected some major cities of a country so as to reduce the time of travel. There
access and egress points are limited and therefore the traffic is to and fro from the major end
points only.
3. Similar to major arterial roads, there are minor arterial roads which serve the smaller areas and
lengths. In urban areas their function is to connect major metropolitan cities, while in rural parts,
they connect major cities and towns.
4. The collector roads are constructed to function as the feeder roads for the arterial roads. They
collect the traffic from the local roads and lead them to the arterial roads. There lengths and
amount of traffic puts them into one of the two categories of major or minor collector roads.
5. Then there are the local roads constructed to cater the transportation needs in different
localities. There lengths are limited to their respective locality but if we calculate the total
lengths of the local roads in a country, they form the largest road network by mileage..
Why does Germany have to be assertive in the EUSolutionAnswer.pdf
Why does Germany have to be assertive in the EU?
Solution
Answer
Germany\'s talk of a new, more assertive foreign policy that relies more heavily on its military is,
however, not solely linked to concerns over Russia or the United States. Germany has accepted
that its only option is to rally Europe but as the past six years have shown, it has had limited
success on the economic front. The European Union is an economic entity, but economics has
turned from being the binding element to being a centrifugal force. Either something new must
be introduced into the European experiment, or it might come undone.
Berlin believes that holding the European Union together requires adding another dimension that
it heretofore has withheld in its dealing with the bloc: military-political relations. Standing up to
a weakening Russia will appeal to Central European nations, and taking a more active role
overseas would endear Berlin to Paris. Germany\'s allusions that it would expand its international
military operations, particularly in Africa, is a clear nod to France, which has consistently
expressed its desire for a deeper military and political partnership with Germany.
Notably, the drive to bring Germany closer to France in the short term could create tensions
between them in the long term. Last week\'s summit between British Prime Minister David
Cameron and French President Francois Hollande was a reminder that France and the United
Kingdom may have extremely different views regarding the European Union but still see each
other as a military partner and, more important, as a counterweight to Germany.
Of course, Germany is in no position to take military action. It is in a position to posit the
possibility in some vague way, thereby generating political forces that can temporarily hold
things together. Berlin needs to buy time, particularly in Central Europe, where Hungary has
embarked on an independent course and is being watched carefully by others. With the United
States unwilling to become involved, Germany either becomes the counterweight or lives with
the consequences.
At first, Germany\'s actions seemed confusing and uncharacteristic. But they become more
sensible when you consider that that Berlin is looking for other tools to hold the European Union
together as it re-evaluates Russia. So far, Germany\'s announcement has been met positively,
mainly outside Germany, but the tensions that a stronger and more assertive Berlin exerts on the
European continent and the global stage are sure to come to the fore again. For now, however,
Merkel has no choice..
What is the link between wealth and welfare Do governments have a r.pdf
What is the link between wealth and welfare? Do governments have a responsibility to address
welfare?
Solution
Wealth refers to the monetary value of net assets and income earned and accumulated by an
economic entity. Welfare relates to the increase in overall standard of living, including non-
monetary standards.
In general it is presumed that higher wealth leads to higher welfare. However, that holds true
only an an individual level - individuals raise their standard of living and higher welfare state, as
they gather more wealth. But at an aggregative level, an overall nation\'s wealth doesn\'t define
its welfare state.
That is why, the welfare programs are mostly undertaken by the government to ensure that the
standard of living and overall welfare be raised for those sections of the society who cannot
afford it. Governments spend a considerable portion of their GDP every year for welfare
programs..
Which of the following are ways nutrients can enter the root cells .pdf
Which of the following are ways nutrients can enter the root cells? diffusion and transpiration
fermentation and transpiration none of these choices diffusion and active transport
Solution
10.
The answer is: diffusion and active transport.
Through diffusion and active transport, nutrients can be absorbed by root cells..
What is E coliSolutionE.coli is a bacteria that normally live.pdf
What is E coli?
Solution
E.coli is a bacteria that normally live in the intestine of humans or animals some type of E.coli
can form infection which can cause diarrhea, abdominal pain, and fever if the infection is severe
it can cause bloody diarrhea even kidney failure.
E. coli is most studied free living organism indeed some of the E.coli are beneficial. the major
cause for E.coli infection is the contaminated food.
Molecular biologist love E.coli because they have some features that make them perfect DNA
and protein producing facteries for genetic engineering. They have a short life span of (20 min
betwwen two cell division) can cultivated easily in large amount under very simple condition
they contains circular DNA in addition to Nucleoid. Such extrachromosomal circular DNA
molecule are called plasmids..
Where does mitosis occur in the bodies of vascular plantsSoluti.pdf
Where does mitosis occur in the bodies of vascular plants?
Solution
Ans.
The following cells/ tissue in the vascular plants show mitotic events-
I. Meristem tissues: Apical meristems (primary meristem) of shoot and root is under constant
mitotic divisions. Mitosis in these regions is the primary factor responsible for primary growth
(longitudinal, increase in height). Secondary meristems divide mitotically and responsible for
lateral growth (increase in thickness).
II. Parenchyma cell (ex- xylem and phloem parenchyma) constituting the parenchymatous tissue
show totipotency i.e. under appropriate conditions, these calls can dedifferentiate into embryonic
cells and form the entire plant through mitoses. These cells also may also divide to form new
cells meant for tissue repair..
Which of the following are the three properties of dataA. mean, m.pdf
Which of the following are the three properties of data?
A. mean, median, mode
B. mean, standard deviation, skewness
C. location, dispersion, shape
D. none of the above
What does the standard deviation infer about the mean’s usefulness in portraying it as a
“representative” average value of our data?
A. the larger the standard deviation the more representative the mean is as a “representative”
average
B. the smaller the standard deviation the less representative the mean is as a “representative”
average
C. the smaller the standard deviation the more representative the mean is as a “representative”
average
D. none of the above
If the mean and the median are both larger than the mode, and the mean is greater than the
median, what information about the shape of the distribution can we conclude?
A. it is symmetrical
B. it is bell-shaped
C. it is skewed to the right
D. it is skewed to the left
Solution
1.
It is OPTION B: Mean, standard deviation, skewness
2.
The smaller the standard deviation, the close the data to the mean.
Thus, it is OPTION C: the smaller the standard deviation the more representative the mean is as
a “representative” average
3. It is skewed to the right, as most data points are less than (to the left of the mean).
Hence, SKEWED TO THE RIGHT. [OPTION C].
What is the range of clinical signssymptoms of C. difficile infecti.pdf
What is the range of clinical signs/symptoms of C. difficile infection in humans?
Solution
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is a symptomatic infection due to the spore forming
bacterium, clostridium difficile. The CDI is spread by bacterial spores found within faeces. The
main symptoms / signs of clostridium difficile infection includes:
1. Water diarrhoea 10 to 15 times a day
2. Abdominal cramping and pain, which may be severe
3. Rapid heart rate and fever
4. Blood or pus in the stool
5. Nausea, dehydration and loss of appetite.
6. Complications may include pseudomembranous colitis, toxic megacolon, perforation of colon,
and sepsis..
What was Kants ideas regarding retributive punishmentSolution.pdf
What was Kant\'s ideas regarding retributive punishment?
Solution
Kant idea of redistributive justice:
\"Judicial punishment can never be used merely as a means to promote some other good for the
criminal himself or for civil society, but instead it must in all cases be imposed on him only on
the ground that he has committed a crime.\"
Kant regards punishment as a matter of justice, and it must be carried out by the state for the
sake of the law, not for the sake of the criminal or the victim. He argues that if the guilty are not
punished, justice is not done. Further, if justice is not done, then the idea of law itself is
undermined..
What are the major events that occur during each stage in the life cy.pdf
What are the major events that occur during each stage in the life cycle of a cell such as a skin
cell, i.e., interphase, prophase Metaphase Anaphase, Telophase, and Cytokinesis? Assume you
are a court reporter that has to explain these stages to your readers with as little jargon as
possible. How does the dell division differ in prokaryotes and eukaryotes? Clearly these
differences may be difficult for the prokaryotes in the jury to follow unless you how the
similarities and differences.
Solution
Answer:
1. Stages of Mitosis:
a. Interphase: Cell grows and makes a copy of DNA.
b. Prophase: Nuclear envelope breakdown, chromosomes condenses and spindle formation takes
place.
c. Metaphase: Chromosomes are lined up precisely on the metaphase plate, or middle of the cell.
d. Anaphase: Spindle pulls sister chromatids apart.
e. Telophase: Chromatids begin to decondense and become chromatin. Spindle disappears.
f. Cytokinesis: Divide cell and organelles. Actin ring, or cleavage furrow splits cell.
2. Prokaryotic cells
Binary fission:
Prokaryotic cells are simple in structure when compared to eukaryotic cells. They contain non-
membranous organelles, lack a cell nucleus, and have a simplistic genome: only one circular
chromosome of limited size. Therefore, prokaryotic cell division, a process known as binary
fission, is fast. The chromosome is duplicated prior to division. The two copies of the
chromosome attach to opposing sides of the cellular membrane. Cytokinesis, the physical
separation of the cell
Eukaryotic cells
Mitosis: The division of the nucleus, separating the duplicated genome into two sets identical to
the parent\'s.
Cytokinesis: The division of the cytoplasm, separating the organelles and other cellular
components.
Meiosis: The division of the nucleus in sex cells, making one cell into four sex cells identical to
the parent sex cell. Eukaryotic cells divide by separating the duplicated chromosomes, through
movements directed by microtubles. it protect the organ system of our body.
Degradation:
Multicellular organisms replace worn-out cells through cell division. In some animals, however,
cell division eventually halts. In humans this occurs on average, after 52 divisions, known as the
Hayflick limit. The cell is then referred to as senescent. Senescent cells deteriorate and die,
causing the body to age. Cells stop dividing because the telomeres, protective bits of DNA on the
end of a chromosome, become shorter with each division and eventually can no longer protect
the chromosome. Cancer cells, on the other hand, are \"immortal.\" An enzyme called
telomerase, present in large quantites in cancerous cells, rebuilds the telomeres, allowing
division to continue indefinitely.
Daughter chromosomes :
During the metaphase stage of mitosis, chromosomes, which become aligned on the equatorial
plane, take on the shape of an \"X\" as a result of a repelling force between chromosomes. The
lobes of the chromosome in this shape are called \'sister ch.
What challenges do corporations face with regards to social media.pdf
What challenges do corporations face with regards to social media?
Solution
Answer:
With the advent of internet , social media turned the life into new stage. Before internet ,
childrens were busy in playing toys. But today\'s generation busy in playing vedio games online
on the computer. All round change is there. Wherever we look , all are busy on their tabs ,
laptops and mobile phones : chating , vedio calling and making VoIP calls . Social media is good
to bring people together , keep friends in touch all the time. But excess of everything is bad.
Students in colleges and universities , employees in the companies pay more attention on chating
and vedio calling rather than what actually they came for. According to a research conducted
recently Proofpoint found that 8 % companies had terminated employees because of social media
usage. As the employees sharing their sensitive information in the social media that could be
vulnerable to the whole database of the company. Here are few challenges that every should plan
:
1. Integration
2. Governance
3. Culture
4. Human Resources
5. Cyber Bullying Crisis
6. Personal opinions.
Use De Moivres theorem to change the given complex number to the fo.pdf
Use De Moivre\'s theorem to change the given complex number to the form a + bi, where a and
b are real numbers. (- Squareroot 3/2 - 1/2 i)^4
Solution
( -sqrt3/2 -i/2)^4
Polar form = r*e^i*theta
r = sqrt[ (-sqrt3/2)^2 + (1/2)^2 )] = 1
theta = tan^-1(-1/2 /-sqrt3/2) = pi +pi/3 = 4pi/3
( -sqrt3/2 -i/2)^4 = (re^i*theta)^4 = r^4e^i*4theta
= 1*e^i*16pi/3
= cos16pi/3 + isin16pi/3
= -0.5 -i*0.866.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
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Chapter 4
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Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
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