Looking for some help with this assignment. 1. Define distribut.pdf

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Looking for some help with this assignment. 1. Define distributed computing and the impact it has had on organizations. 2. Why should you be concerned about the innovation butterfly is you are an IT professional? 3. What is the difference between single threading and multithreading and how would I use it in a Distributed system? 4. What is a mobile architecture and what are some of the design considerations? 5. Explain why naming conventions are important in large enterprise organizations. 6. What is the difference between a disruptive and a sustaining technology? 7. Describe the difference amongst Mobile, Cloud and Embedded systems. 8. Explain the role time plays in distributed systems and why it is difficult to manage. 9. What are the major challenges IOT plays in a distributed system? 10. How does mobility, ubiquity and PAN increase the complexity of distributed systems. Solution 1) sol:defnition: it is a one type of model where software components are shared with mutliple computer to make work easier and gives more effieciency and performance impact of distributed computing 1)at present it keeps a main roles in organizations ,all the organizations are converting to distributed system 2)we can process data at one place and access data at one place so there is lot of availability 3)many organization doing thier business process in remote computer and accesing their database 2)differenece between sustaining and disruptive technology 1)by using sustaining technology improves performance for products which had been established with the dimension of the product which gives market to the mainstream customers 2) coming to the disruptive technology bring to market in diffrent praportions of values which had been available previously,these disruptive techonolgy underperform which had been established in main steram market.

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The concept of distributed computing implies a network / internet-work of independent nodes which are logically configured in such a manner as to be seen as one machine by an application. They have been implemented in many varying forms and configurations, for the optimal processing of data. Agents and multi-agent systems are useful in modeling complex distributed processes. They focus on support for (the development of) large-scale, secure, and heterogeneous distributed systems. They are expected to abstract both hardware and software vis-à-vis distributed systems. For optimizing the use of the tremendous increase in processing power, bandwidth, and memory that technology is placing in the hands of the designer, a Dynamically Distributed Service (to be positioned as a service to a network / internet-work) is proposed. The service will conceptually migrate an application on to different nodes. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of an inter-mobility (migration) mechanism for agents. This migration is based on FIPA ACL messages. We also evaluate the performance of this implementation.

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The era of big data has ushered in a new paradigm for data analysis, presenting unique challenges and opportunities. This article delves into the world of big data analytics and explores how data analysts work with distributed computing frameworks to handle large and complex datasets. We'll discuss the concept of big data, the challenges it poses, and the evolution of distributed computing frameworks. Furthermore, we'll dive into the role of data analysts, their skills and tools, and the practical applications of big data analytics. By the end of this article, readers will have a comprehensive understanding of how data analysts leverage distributed computing frameworks to extract valuable insights from vast datasets.

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Information technology (IT) is dramatically changing the business landscape. Although organization cultures and business strategies shape the use of IT in organizations, more often the influence is stronger the other way round. IT significantly affects strategic options and creates opportunities and issues that managers need to address in many aspects of their business. Business strategy - collapsing time and distance, enabling electronic commerce There is also the outline of an executive presentation, that has been used to increase awareness of these issues. Business Strategy IT creates new opportunities for innovation in products and services. Services which used to be delivered in person can now be delivered over networks. Among the key levers are: Organization Culture Newer types of IT such as electronic mail and groupware are creating significant changes in the way that information flows around group ware, and between them and their customers and suppliers. It can hasten the development of more open and innovative cultures. However, as experts like Davenport warns, and surveys from companies like Reuters confirm, the notion that \"information is power\" still reigns large in many orggroup warelso, our experience shows that many new systems fail to become accepted by their users, because the systems developers have not been culturally sensitive to the department or group ware, in which the new systems are to be used. Organization Structures For many years it has been argued that IT will enable larger spans of control and the flattening of group ware. This has at last happened, but due as much to initiatives like BPR (business process reengineering) and the drive to cut costs. Research on whether IT encourages cencentralization decdecentralizations produced ambivalent results. Many companies have cencentralizedckroom operations (for efficiency) while at the same time decdecentralizingher activities. It now seems clear that IT enables a greater variety of structures. In particular it enables more flexible and fluid structures - networked structures, dispersed team and teams that come and go as needs change (as in the virtual corporation). Management Processes IT is rapidly entering the era where it supports unstructured management processes as well as highly routinized business processes (see I3 UPDATE No. 4). It provides more effective ways of accessing information from multiple sources, including use of external information on databases and the Internet. However, group decision support systems that operate in a meeting room environment can help enhance decision making, but it does need someone who is an expert facilitator to help the group master the technique of structured discussion. Work IT is dramatically changing the nature of professional work. There are few offices where professional do not make use of personal computers, and in many jobs involving extensive information and knowledge based work, the use of the computer is often a c.

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1. What is a mobile architecture and what are some of the design considerations? 2. What is the difference between a disruptive and a sustaining technology? 3. Describe the difference amongst Mobile, Cloud and Embedded systems. 4. time plays in distributed systems and why it is difficult to manage. Case I You are an IT architect for a fortune 500 financial conglomerate. The company is highly diversified and your portfolio of products contains a large national bank brand, an international investment house, a national mortgage provider and a commodities brokerage. You are publically held and your stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange. Your objective for this scenario are: - Your bank subsidiary acquires a bank group in Wisconsin. Your mission is to plan the consolation of data and services and to roll out a new software. A. Create the organizational architecture B. Plan build and rollout of a new proprietary software application. For this consideration of the following dimensions may help you: 1. Explain the goals of a distributed system. 2. Describe 2 architectural Models of distributed systems. 3. Find and use a Fault Capacity, Performance and Security model and apply it. 4. Explain why the concept of time is problematic in a multi-server multinational environment. 5. Explain the role of middleware. 6. Describe n-Tiered architecture. Solution 1.mobile architecture allows us to carry aand work with our laptops and mobiles continiously while travelling by continiousy connected to internal network some of the design considerations are scalability,security and reliability 2. disruptive technology: Its a technology which creates a new market and value network and eventually disrupts an existing market and value network, displacing established market leading firms, products and alliances. sustaining technology:here existing technologies survive.basically here updations are done to the existing technology to survive in the market.updations are like product updation,better services,new way of giving services etc. 3.mobile systems:These systems can be carried anywhere cloud systems:Here internet based services such as servers, storage and application are delivered to an organization\'s computers and devices . embedded systems:It is a computer system with a dedicated function with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. 4.time is very imortant in real time systms.most of the mbedded systems are realtime.If time is not given importance,then there may be worst consequences.Consequences may be in time or cost..

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RESPOND TO THESE DISCUSSION POST BASED ON THE TOPIC “ Every organization wants their systems to function properly and “talk” to each other. One of the biggest issues companies have is that they have information stored in different systems and it is very difficult to create reporting that ties information from multiple systems. From an integration systems perspective, what would be your first step in determining what systems could be integrated? What information would you need to gather, and who should be involved in this process? Discuss how you determine which systems could be integrated. In response to your peers, explore the relationship between the logical and physical system integration..” 1. John Lel Understanding why any company or organization can benefit from integrating the various “pieces” of the company into a cohesive structure or system is not difficult. The integration will lead to increased productivity, cost redundancy and a better, more complete, work environment. The integration process can be a daunting task, even in a small business environment. Obviously, we need a first step in the process of integration. This is not limited to what product or system to purchase, custom or off the shelf, but which components should be integrated. As the business owner, what will your expectations be, this needs to be defined and shared, with staff and whoever is going to be involved in the integration process. Once we know where we want to go, we can plan how to get there. Each business has unique issues, so trying to integrate a business structure by walking through the software choices at Best Buy, is probably not a good idea. It is important to have professional help onboard to implement this process. A systems integration professional will help to determine how or even if, components of the company will fit together and how and what data will be available to each of those component departments (Head Channel, 2019). Sales may not need to know specifics of productions but does need to know about design and availability. Production may not need to know the specifics of sales prospects but does need data on product sales. The process for integration will require a team from the company and the company chosen to implement the integration. These teams will build the list(s) of requirements and necessary outcomes while determining which data systems need to be integrated. Each company has any number of departments producing data, and since the company is operational, there is a process already in place that requires analysis of each step to determine which steps will be required by the system supporting another department. These transactions must be organized and understood prior to building any integration system. Transactional requirements will be the key to create a system that will meet company expectations, from a business and an environmental standpoint (Fischer, 2017). This team must also keep in mind and deter.

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match the following attributes to the parts of a compiler strips out the comments and whitespace converts text into lexemes generates an Abstrat Symbol Tree recursive descent or table driven uses BNF or EBNF definitions a. lexer b. parser Solution The Program and Portfolio Management Maturity Model is an effective tool for organizations to decide quickly what PPM improvements they should make to enhance their organization\'s ability to optimize investments, execute big changes and deliver value. Overview Key Findings Real project, program and portfolio management, when operating at the level of well-integrated practices, is the key enabler that allows organizations to identify and execute strategic change. Any meaningful undertakings to enhance or evolve the program and portfolio management (PPM) function must pay more than lip service to organizational structure, business model and culture to have any chance of success. Competitive pressures and changing market conditions are forcing organizations toward Level 3, and most organizations still aren\'t ready to make the leap. Recommendations At any level of PPM maturity, focus first on helping the organization make well-informed investment choices. This will improve the odds of project success more than any other factor. For organizations that require enterprisewide change and capabilities, it is worth the effort to pursue Level 4, where enterprise PPM practices are built. Identify objectives for your enterprise, and use them to identify the most salient improvement opportunities for your enterprise. Meticulously manage the change involved in maturing/improving your PPM capabilities. Analysis Project/program/portfolio management office (PMO) leaders, program managers and portfolio managers are frequently challenged by ineffective processes, lack of stakeholder engagement and difficult-to-quantify value. 1 Part of the problem is failure to match their processes, people and technology approaches to the maturity level of their organizations. 2 The Gartner Program and Portfolio Management (PPM) Maturity Model assessment is designed to help PPM leaders understand best practices around large project management, as well as PPM to handle delivery of strategic value. This model assumes that organizations progress through a maturity curve and that each level of organizational maturity directly affects the level of investment and types of PPM approaches organizations choose to adopt. arsing A parser is an algorithm that determines whether a given input string is in a language and, as a side-effect, usually produces a parse tree for the input. There is a procedure for generating a parser from a given context-free grammar. Recursive-Descent Parsing Recursive-descent parsing is one of the simplest parsing techniques that is used in practice. Recursive-descent parsers are also called top-down parsers, since they construct the parse tree top down (rather than bottom up). The basic idea of recursive-descent par.

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In the binary search, if the array being searched has 32 elements in it, how many elements of the array must be examined to be certain that the array does not contain the key? What about 1024 elements? Note: the answer is the same regardless of whether the algorithm is recursive or iterative. Solution Binary Search Algorithm- Fundamentals, Implementation and Analysis Hitesh Garg | May 15, 2015 | algorithms | 5 Comments Binary Search Algorithm and its Implementation In our previous tutorial we discussed about Linear search algorithm which is the most basic algorithm of searching which has some disadvantages in terms of time complexity,so to overcome them to a level an algorithm based on dichotomic (i.e. selection between two distinct alternatives) divide and conquer technique is used i.e. Binarysearch algorithm and it is used to find an element in a sorted array (yes, it is a prerequisite for this algorithm and a limitation too). In this algorithm we use the sorted array so as to reduce the time complexity to O(log n). In this, size of the elements reduce to half after each iteration and this is achieved by comparing the middle element with the key and if they are unequal then we choose the first or second half, whichever is expected to hold the key (if available) based on the comparison i.e. if array is sorted in an increasing manner and the key is smaller than middle element than definitely if key exists, it will be in the first half, we chose it and repeat same operation again and again until key is found or no more elements are left in the array. Recursive Pseudocode: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 // initially called with low = 0, high = N – 1 BinarySearch_Right(A[0..N-1], value, low, high) { // invariants: value >= A[i] for all i < low value < A[i] for all i > high if (high < low) return low mid = low +((high – low) / 2) // THIS IS AN IMPORTANT STEP TO AVOID BUGS if (A[mid] > value) return BinarySearch_Right(A, value, low, mid-1) else return BinarySearch_Right(A, value, mid+1, high) } Iterative Pseudocode: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 BinarySearch_Right(A[0..N-1], value) { low = 0 high = N - 1 while (low <= high) { // invariants: value >= A[i] for all i < low value < A[i] for all i > high mid = low +((high – low) / 2) // THIS IS AN IMPORTANT STEP TO AVOID BUGS if (A[mid] > value) high = mid - 1 else low = mid + 1 } return low } Asymptotic Analysis Since this algorithm halves the no of elements to be checked after every iteration it will take logarithmic time to find any element i.e. O(log n) (where n is number of elements in the list) and its expected cost is also proportional to log n provided that searching and comparing cost of all the elements is same Data structure used -> Array Worst case performance -> O(log n) Best case performance -> O(1) Average case performance -> O(log n) Worst case space complexity -> O(1) So the idea is- RECURSIVE Implementation of Binary search in C programming language 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 .

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Heliconius melpomene is a species of butterfly with ZW sex determination. H. melpomene\'s wing spots are normally orange, but a recessive Z-linked mutation causes the spots to be yellow, while a recessive autosomal mutation causes the spots to be red. Butterflies homozygous (or hemizygous) for both mutations have no wing spots. What are the expected F1 and F2 phenotypes from a cross between a red-spotted female and a yellow-spotted male? Solution The Heliconius melpomene butterfly having sex determination ZW have normally orange wing spots. Given Recessive Z linked mutation causes the spots to be yellow, if Y is the dominant gene the y represents the recessive gene. The recessive autosomal mutation causes the spot to be red,the recessive autosomal mutation represented by rr. a) WX represents female b) WW represents male Given-: F1 generation The red spotted female is crossed with yellow spotted male ZWrr X ZZy ZZ, WrrZ, ZZy, WrrZy It gives 1 hemizygous butterfly, 1red spotted female butterfly, 1 yellow spotted male and 1 normal orange wing male butterfly. The F2 generation gives the same result..

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Identify the key mechanism that determines which X remains active and which X becomes inactive. Solution In normal human females, only one X chromosome is transcriptionally active, the other X chromosome remains condensed as heterochromatin and is called as sex chromatin or Barr body. Formation of Barr body ensures that cells of both males and females have same number of active X chromosomes and thus synthesise equal amount of products encoded by X linked genes. This inactivation of one of the two X chromosome in each cell is called Lyonization, after the name of British researcher Mary Lyon. She proposed that; Inactivation of X chromosome in females occurs during early stages of embryonic development and this Inactivation of X chromosome in embryo is a random process, so that paternally derived and maternally derived X chromosomes stands equal chance of becoming inactivated in any given cell. MECHANISM OF INACTIVATION : The mechanism of Inactivation is initiated by a non coding RNA molecule called XIST RNA. There is a region on X chromosome called as X-Inactivation center (XIC) located on proximal end of X chromosome. Genetic expression of this region occurs only on chromosome that is inactivated. This region carries about 4 genes one of which is X-Inactivation specific transcript (XIST). The RNA transcribed by this gene is called XIST RNA. This RNA is large (about 17kb long) and is not translated. It does not diffuse into nucleoplasm,but accumulates along the length of chromosome just before it is Inactivated. Thus RNA product of XIST gene spread over and coat the X chromosome bearing the gene that produced it ,creating some sort of molecular \"cage\" that entraps it leading to its Inactivation. Thus X chromosome in which XIST gene is transcribed to form XIST RNA becomes inactive (due to coating of this X chromsome by XIST RNA) while as the other X chromosome remains active..

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Given to girls born in the U.S. in the years The tables below give the ten most popular names 1974 and 1999 and the percentages of girls given those names. Consider group of 20 girls born in 1974. and another group of 20 bom in 1999. Use the data in the tables to do problems 22-25 regarding these groups. The name Jennifer was approximately 3 times as popular in 1974 as Emily was in 1999, despite each being the #1 name in their respective years. Determine by calculation if you are 3 times as likely to have more than one Jennifer in the 1974 group of 20 as you are to have multiple Emilys in the 1999 group of 20. Solution.

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Discuss the history of bureaucratic and administrative management..pdf

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Describe or explain how SNPs in genes at evolutionary conserved breakpoints can lead to dramatic phenotypic differences between species like chimpanzees and humans even though their genomes are 98% similar? Provide and describe or explain an example of one gene with SNP differences between gorillas and humans that might have resulted changes between humans and apes. Solution SNP ( Single nucleotide polymorphism) is a type of genetic variation among living beings. SNP represents a difference in a single DNA building block i.e, nucleotide. SNP replaces the nucleotide cytosine ( C) With ghe nucleotide thymine (T) in a stetch of DNA. The difference between the two genomes of humans and chimpanzees is actually 4% approximately. This msinly contributes to the phenotypic differences in various species. Humans differbfrom other primates like chimpanzees and apes in cognitive abilities and a significantly larger brain. These correlate with metabolic changes, etc. Example of such genes with SNP differences is 90 TF genes with significant expression levels in humans and chimpanzee brain. Among these KRAB-Zinc finger genes are markedly important. The differentially expressed TFs cluster within robust regulatory network consisting of two distinct but interlinked modules, strongly associated with energy metabolism functions and the others with transcription, vesticular transport and ubiquitination..

Describe or explain how SNPs in genes at evolutionary conserved brea.pdf

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Data x word 23 y word -3 Write assembly code for the following p.pdf

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Can Variance Inflation factors be used to detect Heteroscedasticity problem in the regression analysis Solution Variance inflation factors (VIF) measure how much the variance of the estimated regression coefficients are inflated as compared to when the predictor variables are not linearly related. Use to describe how much multicollinearity (correlation between predictors) exists in a regression analysis. Multicollinearity is problematic because it can increase the variance of the regression coefficients, making them unstable and difficult to interpret. Use the following guidelines to interpret the VIF:VIFStatus of predictorsVIF = 1Not correlated1 < VIF < 5Moderately correlatedVIF > 5 to 10Highly correlated.

Can Variance Inflation factors be used to detect Heteroscedasticity .pdf

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A study undertaken by the Miami-Dade Supervisor of Elections in 2002 revealed that 44% of registered voters are Democrats, 37% are Republicans, and 19% are others. If two registered voters are selected at random, find the following probability: One of them is a Democrat and another one is a Republican. Solution Here we have following probabilties: P(democrats)=0.44 P(republicans)=0.37 P(others)=0.19 Since voters are independent from each other so the probabilityOne of them is a Democrat and another one is a Republican is P(One of them is a Democrat and another one is a Republican)=P(democrats)P(republican)=0.44*0.37=0.1628 hence, the required probability is 0.1628..

A study undertaken by the Miami-Dade Supervisor of Elections in 2002.pdf

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