Can I get a detailed answer on the following question. Bacterial ind.pdf

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Can I get a detailed answer on the following question. Bacterial indicatior to monitor faecal contamination in water. (a) bacterial indicator (b) rationale for using indicator organism Solution a). Indicator bacteria are the different types of bacteria that are expected to present in the contaminated water samples. These bacteria are not harmful to humans but indicate the presence of pathogenic bacteria. Thus, they are used as a measure of indicating contaminated water. b). The microbial limit of human feces is approximately 100 billion/gram. They include different bacteria species, some of them can be pathogenic such as Campylobacter and Salmonella. Certain viruses, protozoa and parasites may also present in the feces. The commonly used indicator bacteria are, totalcoli formsorfecalcoli forms..

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Isolation and Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistivity Pattern of Faecal Coliforms Bacteria Isolated From River Wudil Kano, Nigeria by Ali M in Advancements in Bioequivalence & Bioavailability Water borne diseases has been a major public health concern in Nigeria. This study was conducted to identify and evaluate the antibiotic resistivity pattern of faecal coliforms bacteria isolated from River Wudil in Wudil Local Government Area of Kano State, Nigeria. Four (4) water samples from different part of the river were collected for the study. The bacteriological and physicochemical analyses performed were in accordance with standard procedures. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of the bacterial isolates were determined using modified Kirby Bauer method. The result of the study revealed that the physicochemical properties of the river are within the WHO and NIS standard. https://crimsonpublishers.com/abb/fulltext/ABB.000509.php

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The detection of Escherichia coli as an indicator of faucal contamination in drinking water sources in Amassoma town, a host Community of the Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State in the Niger Delta of Nigeria, was carried out to determine their suitability for drinking. Result obtained showed mean total coliform bacterial counts of 2.05 x103 cfu/ml for borehole water, 1.25x103 cfu/ml for well water and 1.0x103 for pipe borne water. The mean count of faecal coliform was 2.1x103 cfu/ml for borehole water, 4.5x10 cfu/ml for well water and 1.0x10 cfu/ml for pipe borne water. The faecal coliform identified was Escherichia coli. Sources of contamination were found to be septic tanks, waste dump sites and periodic flooding of the area, being a typical wetland environment. It was concluded that water from the different sources studied in Amassoma did not meet the world health Organization (WHO) standard for drinking water. This study has therefore shown the need for continuous monitoring of our water supply systems.

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Need this in JAVA We have N numbers as an array, you need to find a prefix array and a suffix array, which we can get the maximum x or value with all elements in them. Notice that for prefix[0, 1] and suffix[r, n - 1], do not intersect (I Solution // C++ program for a Trie based O(n) solution to find max // subarray XOR #include using namespace std; // Assumed int size #define INT_SIZE 32 // A Trie Node struct TrieNode { int value; // Only used in leaf nodes TrieNode *arr[2]; }; // Utility function tp create a Trie node TrieNode *newNode() { TrieNode *temp = new TrieNode; temp->value = 0; temp->arr[0] = temp->arr[1] = NULL; return temp; } // Inserts pre_xor to trie with given root void insert(TrieNode *root, int pre_xor) { TrieNode *temp = root; // Start from the msb, insert all bits of // pre_xor into Trie for (int i=INT_SIZE-1; i>=0; i--) { // Find current bit in given prefix bool val = pre_xor & (1<arr[val] == NULL) temp->arr[val] = newNode(); temp = temp->arr[val]; } // Store value at leaf node temp->value = pre_xor; } // Finds the maximum XOR ending with last number in // prefix XOR \'pre_xor\' and returns the XOR of this maximum // with pre_xor which is maximum XOR ending with last element // of pre_xor. int query(TrieNode *root, int pre_xor) { TrieNode *temp = root; for (int i=INT_SIZE-1; i>=0; i--) { // Find current bit in given prefix bool val = pre_xor & (1<arr[1-val]!=NULL) temp = temp->arr[1-val]; // If there is no prefix with opposite // bit, then look for same bit. else if (temp->arr[val] != NULL) temp = temp->arr[val]; } return pre_xor^(temp->value); } // Returns maximum XOR value of a subarray in arr[0..n-1] int maxSubarrayXOR(int arr[], int n) { // Create a Trie and insert 0 into it TrieNode *root = newNode(); insert(root, 0); // Initialize answer and xor of current prefix int result = INT_MIN, pre_xor =0; // Traverse all input array element for (int i=0; i using namespace std; // Assumed int size #define INT_SIZE 32 // A Trie Node struct TrieNode { int value; // Only used in leaf nodes TrieNode *arr[2]; }; // Utility function tp create a Trie node TrieNode *newNode() { TrieNode *temp = new TrieNode; temp->value = 0; temp->arr[0] = temp->arr[1] = NULL; return temp; } // Inserts pre_xor to trie with given root void insert(TrieNode *root, int pre_xor) { TrieNode *temp = root; // Start from the msb, insert all bits of // pre_xor into Trie for (int i=INT_SIZE-1; i>=0; i--) { // Find current bit in given prefix bool val = pre_xor & (1<arr[val] == NULL) temp->arr[val] = newNode(); temp = temp->arr[val]; } // Store value at leaf node temp->value = pre_xor; } // Finds the maximum XOR ending with last number in // prefix XOR \'pre_xor\' and returns the XOR of this maximum // with pre_xor which is maximum XOR ending with last element // of pre_xor. int query(TrieNode *root, int pre_xor) { TrieNode *temp = root; for (int i=INT_SIZE-1; i>=0; i--) { // Find current bit in given prefix bool val = pre_xor & (1<arr[1-val]!=NULL) temp = temp-.

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dass Defining Species art C Gene flow and the biological species concept Recall that the biological species conoept defines a species as a group of whose members have the in nature and produce viable, fertle ofspring This means that al members of these populations (called conspecifics) can contribute to a common gene pool. Conspecifics are organisms or populations that belong to the same species. Genes are transferred between oonspecific populations through both direct and indrect fow. Biologists studying disease susceptibility in mice used genetic techniques to look for gene fow in 12 wild populations of mioe. The populations (designated Athrough L) were located along a 210km ransect The found evidenoe of gene flow between some, but not al, pairs of populations In the grid below, a*** indcates a pair of populations in which dieetgene flow was deteeted and a wandoares a that showed no evidence of direct gene fiow. For help reading this grid, see Hint 2. Solution Look at the population A: \"+\" at K whic means Direct gene flow. Now look at K: Straight down you get \"+\" for both D and F which means direct gene flow. Also, H and I has \"+\" signs for D which shows indirect gene flow. Look at population B: \"+\" at L which means direct gene flow. Now look at L, straight down you get \"+\" for both E which shows indirect gene flow. Look at population C: \"+\" at G and J which means direct gene flow. So, in a nutshell : Population A: K,D,H,I,F Population B: L,E Population C: G, J.

dass Defining Species art C Gene flow and the biological species conc.pdf

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Describe one way in which you could use butterfly rearing in the future. If you would use it for education, what would you want your students to learn? What grade would you utilize it in and what standard(s) would it meet? min 250 words Solution First students would learn observing the Life Cycle of a butterfly, students obserrve one organism over time and compare its early development (caterpillar) to its later development (butterfly). A fundamental observaion skill in science is comparing and contrasting. Students will also compare actual characteristics of a butterfly with a functional representation of a butterfly. There are four stages in the metamorphosis of butterflies and moths : egg, larva, pupa, and adult. Egg: Eggs are laid on plants by the adult female butterfly. These plants will then become the food for the hatching caterpillars. Eggs can be laid from spring, summer, or fall.This depends on the species of butterfly. Females lay a lot of eggs at once so that at least some of them survive. Butterfly eggs can be very small Caterpillar: The Feeding Stage : The next stage is the larva. This is also called a caterpillarr if the insect is a butterfly or a moth.The job of the caterpillar is to eat. As the caterpillar grows it splits its skin and sheds it about 4 or 5 times. Food eaten at this time is stored and used later as an adult. Caterpillars can grow 100 times size during this stage. For example, a monarch butterfly egg is the size of a pinhead and the caterpillar that hatches from this tiny eggs isn\'t much bigger. But it will up to 2 inches long in several weeks. Puoa: The Transition Stage : When the caterpillar is full grown and stops eating, it becomes a pupa. The pupa of butterflies is also called a chrysalis.Depending on the species, the pupa may suspended under a branch, hidden in leaves or buried underground. The pupa of many moths is protected inside a coccoon of silk.This stage can last from a few weeks, a month or even longer. Some species have a pupal stage that lasts for two years. It may look like nothing is going on but big changes are happening inside. Special cells that were present in the larva are now growing rapidly. They will become the legs, wings, eyes, and other parts of the adult butterfly. Many of the original larva cells will provide energy for these growing adult cells. Adult: The Reproductive Stage : The adult stage is very different from the larva. The caterpillar has a few tiny eyes, stubby legs, and very short antennae. The adult have long legs , long antennae, and compound eyes. The can also fly by using their large and colorful wings. But they can\'t do is grow. The adult\'s work is to mate and lay eggs. Some species of adult butterflies get energy by feeding on nectar from flowers but many species don\'t feed at all.Flying comes in handy but female can fly easily fly from place to place to find the right plant for its eggs. This is important because caterpillars can\'t fly far. Most adult butterf.

Describe one way in which you could use butterfly rearing in the fut.pdf

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Critical Thinking Course...Philosophy In Chapter 8, we learned the basics of truth-functional logic. It is important to remember that the purpose of truth-functional logic is to determine which arguments are valid and which are invalid, and common invalid forms are known as truth-functional fallacies. Consider the following question. Which of the following is a well-known truth-functional fallacy? (Points : 4) a. Modus tollens b. Modus ponens c. Valid chain d. Denying the consequent Solution.

Critical Thinking Course...PhilosophyIn Chapter 8, we learned the .pdf

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Another algebraic way to express a constraint is E_1 = E_2, where bot.pdf

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An infinitely long sheet of charge of width L lies in the xy -plane between x=L/2 and x=L/2 . The surface charge density is . Derive an expression for the electric field E at height z above the centerline of the sheet. (Assume that z0 .) Express your answer in terms of the variables , L , z , unit vector k^ , and appropriate constants. Solution The sheet is kept on the xy plane with a width of L along the x axis. We would consider a section of the sheet at a distance of x from the origin of thickness dx. Since it extends infinitely along the y axis. We have an infinite rod with at distance of x from origin with linear charge density of dx Now, the electic field at z due to this infinitely long strip would be dx / 2o * sqrt(z^2 + x^2) However, by symmetry we can say that the net electric field will point along the z axis as the components in the xy plane would eventually cancel out. Hence dE = z dx / 2o * (z^2 + x^2) We integrate the above to obtain: E = ( / 2o)[atan(x/z)](from -L/2 to + L/2) or, E = ( / 2o)[atan(L/2z) - atan(-L/2z)] = ( /o)[atan(L/2z)] NOTE: There are two ways of approaching the problem, either you can assume a small section of thickness dy at distance y and then proceed, or you can assume an infinitely long strip at some distance x and then go ahead. However, it needs to be mentioned that the first way gives a little tricky integral whereas the second one, as above, is fairly straightforward. The integral above is of the form dx / (a^2 + x^2) = (1/a) atan (x/a) Further, while subtracting the max and min value for the integral, the negative. you would need the relation tanx = tan-x Hence the difference of atan of negative x and postiive x ends up getting added..

An infinitely long sheet of charge of width L lies in the xy -plane .pdf

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A study tracked incidence rates of a blood vessel disorder over time for individuals 50 years and older (see figure below). What is the name for the type of the time trend pattern demonstrated in this chart? (Choose the one best answer) Secular Cyclical Calendar d Influenza Although it looks like incidence of the disease has increased over the past 40+ years, the authors dispel this hypothesis. What might be one explanation for what appears to be higher incidence rates of this disease over time if the incidence rates, in fact, did not increase? The disease is being spread more rapidly due to travel. People are living longer with the disease. cThe population over 50 years has grown in comparison to the under-50 population. d People who contract the disease are now more likely to be diagnosed due to more widespread knowledge of the disease among providers. a Women were more likely to contract the disease than men. b The rates of disease dropped substantially in 1980. c The cyclical nature of the disease indicates that it is infectious. d The prevalence appears to have increased over time.a Secularb Cyclicalc Calendar d Influenza Although it looks like incidence of the disease has increased over the past 40+ years, the authors dispel this hypothesis. What might be one explanation for what appears to be higher incidence rates of this disease over time if the incidence rates, in fact, did not increase?a The disease is being spread more rapidly due to travel.b People are living longer with the disease. cThe population over 50 years has grown in comparison to the under-50 population. d People who contract the disease are now more likely to be diagnosed due to more widespread knowledge of the disease among providers. The authors of this study concluded from the data shown in this figure that this disease is probably infectious. Why did they make this conclusion? a Women were more likely to contract the disease than men. b The rates of disease dropped substantially in 1980. c The cyclical nature of the disease indicates that it is infectious. d The prevalence appears to have increased over time. Solution can you please put the figure so that the questions can be answered..

A study tracked incidence rates of a blood vessel disorder over time.pdf

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A distant galaxy was found to have a redshift of 1.8. How far away i.pdf

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