Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells Name three key differences (one for each of the following) 1. DNA 2. RNA 3. Cell organization Differentiate Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria. Solution 1. DNA Prokaryotes have small amount of DNA with no introns and few non functional regions. DNA is not bound by proteins and is naked.DNA is circular. Eukaryotes have large amount of DNA with introns and large amount of non functional regions. DNA is bound by histone proteins. DNA is linear. 2. RNA Prokaryotic RNA is polycistronic, ie; a single mRNA is transcribed by the several structural genes of an operon. Life span is short. Poly A tail is absent. Eukaryotic RNA is monocistronic, i.e; only one site for initiation and also termination of protein synthesis. Life span is longer. Poly A tail is present. 3. Cell organization Prokaryotes are usually unicellular with no cell organelles like endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus and mitochondria. Nuclear membrane is absent. Eukaryotes are usually multicellular, but unicellular eukaryotes are also present like yeasts. THey have cell organelles like Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus and mitochondria. Nuclear membrane is present. Bacteria are classified as Gram positive and Gram negative based on the color they take up on performing Grams Staining. The differences between these two types of bacteria is due to the structure of cell wall. Gram positive bacteria remain purple in color in grams staining. The cell wall is made up of multiple layers of peptidoglycan. Teichoic acid is present. Cell wall is thicker but fewer varities of chemicals are present. Periplasmic space is absent. Gram negative bacteria get decolorised on treatment with acetone or alcohol and take up pink color when stained with grams staining. The cell wall is made up of very few layers of peptidoglycan, and large amount of lipopolysaccharide which acts as endotoxin. Teichoic acid is absent. THe cell wall is thinner compared to gram positive bacteria and has various types chemicals present. Periplasmic space is present. It also has outer membrane proteins..

1. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Name three key differences (one for each of the following)
1. DNA
2. RNA
3. Cell organization
Differentiate Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria.
Solution
1. DNA
Prokaryotes have small amount of DNA with no introns and few non functional regions. DNA is
not bound by proteins and is naked.DNA is circular.
Eukaryotes have large amount of DNA with introns and large amount of non functional regions.
DNA is bound by histone proteins. DNA is linear.
2. RNA
Prokaryotic RNA is polycistronic, ie; a single mRNA is transcribed by the several structural
genes of an operon. Life span is short. Poly A tail is absent.
Eukaryotic RNA is monocistronic, i.e; only one site for initiation and also termination of protein
synthesis. Life span is longer. Poly A tail is present.
3. Cell organization
Prokaryotes are usually unicellular with no cell organelles like endoplasmic reticulum, golgi
apparatus and mitochondria. Nuclear membrane is absent.
Eukaryotes are usually multicellular, but unicellular eukaryotes are also present like yeasts.
THey have cell organelles like Endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus and mitochondria.
Nuclear membrane is present.
Bacteria are classified as Gram positive and Gram negative based on the color they take up on
performing Grams Staining. The differences between these two types of bacteria is due to the
structure of cell wall.
Gram positive bacteria remain purple in color in grams staining. The cell wall is made up of
multiple layers of peptidoglycan. Teichoic acid is present. Cell wall is thicker but fewer varities
of chemicals are present. Periplasmic space is absent.
Gram negative bacteria get decolorised on treatment with acetone or alcohol and take up pink
color when stained with grams staining. The cell wall is made up of very few layers of
peptidoglycan, and large amount of lipopolysaccharide which acts as endotoxin. Teichoic acid is
absent. THe cell wall is thinner compared to gram positive bacteria and has various types

2. chemicals present. Periplasmic space is present. It also has outer membrane proteins.