Conditional-0 (Zero) Conditional-I Conditional-II Conditional-III

1. Conditional Sentences

2. Types Of Conditional Sentences
Conditional-0 (Zero)
Conditional-I
Conditional-II
Conditional-III

3. Conditional-0 (Zero)

4. Conditional-0 (zero) usage
Nature:
What is said in the condition is possible.
A fact, something that is always true.
Time:
present

5. Structure Of Conditional-0
 In conditional 0 sentences, the tense in the 'if‘ clause is
the simple present, and the tense in consequence clause
is also in the simple present.
_______________________________________________________
Conditional clause Main clause
_____________________________________________________
If + Present Tense Present Tense
_____________________________________________________
If you heat water it boils.

6. Examples
If you heat water, it boils.
If you press this switch, the computer comes on.
If my mother knows about this, we are in serious
trouble.

7. Other uses of Conditional-Zero
 We can use other modal verbs i.e. can, might and should in the
main clause.
 If you haven't a television, you can't watch it.
 If Henry jogs regularly, he might lose weight.
 If Matthew is going to a job interview, he should wear a tie.
 We can use type 0 conditionals in offers and suggestions.
 If you need a ticket, I can get you one.
 If you feel like seeing the sights, we can take a bus tour.
 We can use the imperative sentences in main clause
 If you see Mr Fox tonight, tell him I am ill.

8. Exercise
 If the demand for the product__, its price __too. (rise..rise)
If Ali ___any money, he ____it. ( have..spend)
If you ____ ice, it ____. (heat.. melt)
If you ____water, it _____ a solid. (freeze.. become)
Plants ___ if they___ enough water. (die..do(not) get )
If public transport ___efficient, people ___using their
cars. (be.. stop)

9. Solved Exercise
If the demand for the product rises, its price rises too.
If Ali has any money, he spends it.
If you heat ice, it melts.
If you freeze water, it becomes a solid.
Plants die if they don't get enough water.
If public transport is efficient, people stop using their
cars.

10. Conditional-I

11. Conditional-I Usage
Nature:
A present or future situation of high probability.
Note: The probability is the probability of the
action in the “if clause” not in the Consequence
clause.
Time:
Present to Future

12. Structure Of Conditional-I
 In a first conditional sentences, the tense in the 'if'
clause is the simple present, and the tense in the
consequence clause is the simple future.
______________________________________________________
Conditional clause Main clause
______________________________________________
If + Present Tense S + will + v (1)
______________________________________________
If I see her I will inform her.

13. Examples
I see her quite often. If I see her, I will inform her.
They are always late. I will not let them in if they are
late again.

14. Other uses of Conditional-I
We can use will in the if-clause when we make a request:
If you'll just wait a moment, I'll find someone to help you.
(Please wait a moment...)
We can use the present continuous or the present
perfect in the if-clause.
If we're expecting visitors, the flat will need a good clean.
If you've finished with the computer, I'll put it away.

15. Exercise
If I ___your keys, I____ u. (find… give)
If he ____ me, I____ there. (call…go)
If he __ late, we ___ without him. (be… have to go)
If Sally ___ late again I ___mad. (be… be)
If you___, you will miss the bus. (not…hurry)
If I ___time, I____ that letter. (have…finish)

16. Solved Exercise
If I find your keys, I’ll give u.
If he calls me, I’ll go there.
If he is late, we will have to go without him.
If Sally is late again I will be mad.
If you don't hurry, you will miss the bus.
If I have time, I'll finish that letter.

17. Conditional-II

18. Conditional-II Usage
Nature:
We use these conditional sentences when we talk about
unreal / impossible / improbable/ imaginary situations.
Present or future situations that we are imagining.
A present or future situation of low probability.
Zero probability (A hypothesis)
Time:
The TENSE is past, but we are talking about the present
or future.

19. Conditional-II Usage
Note: The probability is the probability of the action in
the “if clause” not in the Consequence clause.
There is no difference in time between type 2 and type
1. The past tense in type 2 conditional is not a true
past but a subjunctive that indicates unreality or
improbability.
The correct form of the verb “to be” to use in
conditional 2 is “were” for all pronouns. In some cases
“was” is acceptable, but it is better to keep it to
“were” to insure you are always correct.

20. Structure Of Conditional-II
 In second conditional sentences, the tense in the 'if'
clause is the simple past, and the tense in the
consequence clause is the simple present/future.
______________________________________________________
Conditional clause Main clause
______________________________________________
If + Past Tense S + would + v (1)
______________________________________________
If l had your figure I would eat a lot.

21. Examples
A present or future situation of low probability. The
meaning in The in the following sentences is in future
tense.
 I don’t often see her. If I saw her tomorrow, I would inform her.
 I don’t think anything will change. If anything changed I would let
you know.
Zero probability (A hypothesis). The meaning in The in
the following sentences is in present tense.
 If I were rich, I would spend all my time in travelling

22. When we imagine a future happening like this:
If I found one million rupees, I would buy a new car.
If we didn’t go to their party next week, they might b
very angry.
If it stopped raining, we could go out side.

23. Other uses of Conditional-II
As well as the past simple we can use the past
continuous in the if-clause.
If John was/were playing her stereo, it wouldn't be so quiet
in here.
If I were you, I'd ask a lawyer for some advice.
we can use might and could with Type II
if I had another $500, I could buy a car. ( would be able
to buy a car)
If you asked me nicely, I might buy you a drink

24. Type II and ordinary sentences compared
If I become president, I will… (said by a candidate in a
election)
If I became president, I would… (said by a schoolboy)

25. Exercise
If you __tomorrow I __more time to talk.(come… have)
What would you ___if you ___ your job? (do…lose)
If I __rich, I __ all my time in travelling. (be…spend )
If l ___ your figure, I __ the whole lot. (have…eat)
If I __her name, I ___ you. (know…tell)
If I __you, I ___my father. (be…tell)
If I ___ a million pounds, I teaching. (win… stop )
If I ___ cake, I ___ fat. (eat… get)
I __ very frightened if some one __a gun at me. (be… point)

26. Exercise Solved
If you came tomorrow I would have more time to talk.
What would you do if you lost your job?
If I were rich, I would spend all my time in travelling.
If l had your figure, I would eat the whole lot.
If I knew her name, I would tell you.
If I were you, I would tell my father.
If I won a million pounds, I would stop teaching.
If I ate cake, I would get fat.
I would b very frightened if some one pointed a gun at me

27. Convert the following sentences into English.
Agar mere pass aur paise hote to men nai gari kharedta.
Mere pass abhi koi paise nahi hen agar hote to apko
deta.
Amy sirf ek zaban bol sakti hai agar wo do zabanen bol
sakti to wo Multicultural Center pe nokri k liye apply
karti.
Agar ye ghar thora sasta hota to ham khared lete.
Men unko call karta agar mere pass un ka number hota.

28. Exercise Solved
I would buy a new car if I had more money.
I don’t have any money now, if I had some, I would lend
it to you.
Amy can only speak one language, if she could speak two
languages, she Would apply for a job at the Multicultural
Center.
If this house were a little cheaper, we would buy it.
I would call them if I had their telephone number.

29. Conditional-III

30. Conditional-III Usage
Nature:
We use type 3 conditionals to talk about things in the past
happening differently from the way they really happened. This
sometimes means criticizing people or pointing out their
mistakes.
To talk about the past situations that did not happen, we use
a past perfect tense in both clauses.
We can also use this structure to express regret about the
past.
Time:
Past

31. Structure Of Conditional-III
 In third conditional sentences, the tense in the 'if' clause
is the past perfect, and the tense in the consequence
clause is also in the past perfect tense.
______________________________________________________
Conditional clause Main clause
______________________________________________________
If + Past Perfect Tense S + would have + v (III)
______________________________________________________
If we had gone two we would have had better
weeks earlier weather.

32. Examples
I didn’t see her. If I had seen her, I would have informed
her.
They weren’t late last night. I wouldn’t have let them in
if they had been late.

33. Exercise
 If you had worked harder you __ the exam.(pass)
 If you had asked me I __ you. (tell)
 I ___ in a bad trouble if John had not helped me. (be)
 If you __a bit more careful, you wouldn't have cut yourself. (be)
 If Matthew had set his alarm clock, he __. (oversleep)
 If I hadn't missed the interview, I __ the job. (may…get)
 It would have been all right if it __ all the time. (rain)
 If we had gone two weeks earlier, we __ better weather. (have)

34. Exercise Solved
 If you had worked harder you would have passed the exam.
 If you had asked me I would have told you.
 I would have been in a bad trouble if John had not helped me.
 If you'd been a bit more careful, you wouldn't have cut yourself.
 If Matthew had set his alarm clock, he wouldn't have overslept.
 If I hadn't missed the interview, I might have got the job.
 it would have been all right if it hadn't rained all the time.
 If we had gone two weeks earlier, we would have had better
weather.

35. Convert the following sentences into English.
Agar ap mujh se pehle jhoot na bolti to main apka
yaqeen kar leta.
Agar mujhe pata hota k ap hospital main thy to main
apko dekhne ata.
Agar mujhe pata hota k apki salgirah thi to men ap k liye
gift khared ta.
Agar ap mujh apni e-mail dety to main apko likhta.

36. Solved Exercise
I would have believed you if you hadn't lied to me
before.
If I had known you were in hospital, I would have visited
you.
I'd have bought you a present if I'd known it was your
birthday.
If you had given me your e-mail, I would have written to
you.

37. Complete the sentences using 3rd
conditional
They didn’t arrive on time because they took the wrong
road___________________________________
Andrew didn’t get the job because he didn’t have much
experience._______________________________
Ellen didn’t pass her driver’s test because she didn’t
stop at the red light._________________________
They didn’t go abroad for their vacations because the
airplane tickets were too expensive.____________

38. Expected sentences in 3rd
conditional
They didn’t arrive on time because they took the
wrong road. If they had taken the right road,
they would have reached on the time. Or If they
hadn’t taken the wrong road, they would have
reached on the time.
Andrew didn’t get the job because he didn’t have
much experience. If Andrew had had much
experience, he would have gotten the job.

39. Expected sentences in 3rd
conditional
Ellen didn’t pass her driver’s test because she didn’t
stop at the red light. If Ellen had stopped at the red
light, she would have passed her driver’s test
They didn’t go abroad for their vacations because the
airplane tickets were too expensive. If the airplane
tickets hadn’t been too expensive, they would have
gone abroad for their vacations. Or If the airplane
tickets had been inexpensive, they would have gone
abroad for their vacations.

40. The Great Conditional Challenge
Directions. Work in groups. Read the three “if” clauses
below. Choose one of the three clauses and then try to
make as many third conditional sentences as possible
that follow from the if clause you have chosen. The
group with the most conditional sentences wins the
challenge.

41. Look at the example below.
If I had studied harder when I was in high school, …….
If I had studied harder when I was in high school, I
would have gotten better marks.

42. Now choose one of the following:
If I had learned English as a child,________
If I had won the million dollar lottery five years ago, __
If I had been alive in the 19th century, ___________

43. Choose the correct verb tense in each of
the following sentences.
If Marty had gone to the party, I _____too.
a) went
b) would have gone
c) had gone
If you ___me the money, I wouldn’t have bought the
ticket.
a) didn’t lend
b) don’t lend
c) hadn’t lent

44. Choose the correct verb tense in each of
the following sentences.
I wouldn’t have stayed at that hotel if you ___ it to me.
a) hadn’t recommended
b) don’t recommend
c) didn’t recommend
She would have been hurt in the car accident if she ____
her seat belt.
a) wouldn’t worn
b) didn’t wore
c) hadn’t worn

45. Choose the correct verb tense in each of
the following sentences.
If you _____________ me, I would have helped you.
a) had asked
b) asked
c) ask
If I hadn’t taken my umbrella, I ___________ very wet.
a) got
b) had gotten
c) would have gotten

46. Read the conditional sentences below and
answer the questions that follow each one.
If you had come to the party, you would have met my
cousin.
– Did you come to the party? _______
– Did you meet my cousin? _______
I wouldn’t have gone to the movie if I had known it was
scary.
– Did I go to the movie? _________
– Was it scary? ________
– Do I like scary movies? _______

47. Read the conditional sentences below and
answer the questions that follow each one.
If I had known he was a careless driver, I wouldn’t have
lent him my car.
– Is he a careless driver? __________
– Did I lend him my car? __________
If Professor Neville had taught the history course, I would
have taken it.
– Did Professor Neville teach the history course? _______
– Did I take the history course? _________

50. Let’s Practice 4 Types
Of Conditional Sentences

51. Recognize the type of conditional sentences
If they failed in his mission, it would cost them nothing.
If you hadn't left, I would have called your father.
If you don’t like hot weathers, you will be unhappy in
Texas.
If you eat too much you get fat.
If I became president, I would change the social security
system.
If Bill phones, tell him to meet me at the cinema.
I would have given her your message if I had see her that
day.

52. Solved
 If they failed in his mission, it would cost them nothing. (II)
 If you hadn't left, I would have called your father. (III)
 If you don’t like hot weathers, you will be unhappy in Texas. (I)
 If you eat too much you get fat. (Zero)
 If I became president, I would change the social security system. (II)
 If Bill phones, tell him to meet me at the cinema. (I)
 I would have given her your message if I had see her that day. (III)

53. Translate The following in Urdu
If you will come this way, I will take you to the
manager’s office.
If you want to learn musical instrument, you will have
to practice.
If he had had your car, he should have returned to you.
Nobody will notice if you make a mistake.
If he had got up earlier, he wouldn’t have missed the buss.
If I were you, I would talk more politely with them.

54. Refferences
Oxford Practice Grammar with answers, Oxford
University Press, by John Eastwood
Grammar in use, Cambridge University Press, by
Raymond Murphy
Internet