1 ansProcess of transforming normalized relations into denormaliz.pdf
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1 ans: Process of transforming normalized relations into denormalized physical record specifications are Denormalization: Reduced disk accesses and greater performance but Introduction of anomalies (and thus redundancies) that will necessitate extra data maintenance , increase chance of errors and force reprogramming when business rules change. And may optimize certain tasks at the expense of others. common demonistration opportunities the normalized relationship are transformed back to the non normalized form by the help of denormalization One to One ralationship: even if onr ralation is optional in the relationship ,in this case field without values will be set to null values.. do not interduce complications to updating Many to Many relationship: 1. By convention, the name of this join table is usually just the combination of the two tables of the many-to-many relationship. In this case , which implies that this is a join table since it’s using the name of two existing tables joined by an underscore. 2. This join table only contains the primary keys from tables. Since this join table is referring to primary keys that don’t actually belong to the join table, they are actually referred to as foreign keys. Referance data: one to one ralationship where 1 side is not to used has data not used in other relationship.introduce the additional updating if duplicate data changed 2 ans: circumstances will consider as denormalized records it must have good purpose only when it enhance performance for an application of user which needed to search frequently for redudence data Solution 1 ans: Process of transforming normalized relations into denormalized physical record specifications are Denormalization: Reduced disk accesses and greater performance but Introduction of anomalies (and thus redundancies) that will necessitate extra data maintenance , increase chance of errors and force reprogramming when business rules change. And may optimize certain tasks at the expense of others. common demonistration opportunities the normalized relationship are transformed back to the non normalized form by the help of denormalization One to One ralationship: even if onr ralation is optional in the relationship ,in this case field without values will be set to null values.. do not interduce complications to updating Many to Many relationship: 1. By convention, the name of this join table is usually just the combination of the two tables of the many-to-many relationship. In this case , which implies that this is a join table since it’s using the name of two existing tables joined by an underscore. 2. This join table only contains the primary keys from tables. Since this join table is referring to primary keys that don’t actually belong to the join table, they are actually referred to as foreign keys. Referance data: one to one ralationship where 1 side is not to used has data not used in other relationship.introduce the additional updating if duplicate data changed 2 a.
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please answer these true and false questions . note ple.pdf
please answer these true and false questions .
note: please make sure it\'s the right choice. thanks 1 works through a series of stages called
normal forms Normalization 2. Normalization is a process that is used for changing attributes to
entities b, False 3. In order to meet performance requirements, portions of the database design
may need to be occasionally denormalized 4. Denormalization produces a lower normal form. b,
False 5. Normalization is a very important database design ingredient, and the highest level is
always the most desirable a. True 6. Reporting anomalies in a table can cause a multitude of
problems for managers and can be fixed through application programming a. True 7. Data
redundancy produces data anomalies. b. False 8, The objective of normalization is to ensure that
each table conforms to the concept of wellformed relations a True b. False 9. Relational models
view data as part ofa table or collection of tahles in which all key values must be identified. b,
False 10. Repeating groups must be e nated by ensuring hat each row defines a single entity. b,
False
Solution
Ans 1) True
Explanation:- Normalisation is a process to minimise data redundancy and increase database
performance. It works by converting tables into normal forms like 1NF,2NF,3NF etc.,
Ans 2) False
Explanation:- During normalisation we wont change attributes to entities, just we create new
tables and shift attributes from table to other table.
Ans 3) True
Explanation:- Denormalisation is a process used to increase database performance by adding
some redundant data to normalised table to reduce some database problems associated with
queries that combine data from various tables to produce output.
Ans 4) False
Explanation :- Denormalisation involves adding some redundant data to normalised tables and it
wont produce any lower normal form..
MODULE 3 -Normalization_1.ppt moduled in design
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Normalization or Schema Refinement is a technique used to organize data in a database to eliminate redundancy and undesirable characteristics like data anomalies. It involves decomposing tables into smaller tables and linking them using relationships. The goal of normalization is to eliminate data redundancy through various normal forms. Schema refinement involves identifying problems in a database like redundancy and resolving them using techniques like decomposition and normalization.
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please answer these true and false questions . note ple.pdf
please answer these true and false questions .
note: please make sure it\'s the right choice. thanks 1 works through a series of stages called
normal forms Normalization 2. Normalization is a process that is used for changing attributes to
entities b, False 3. In order to meet performance requirements, portions of the database design
may need to be occasionally denormalized 4. Denormalization produces a lower normal form. b,
False 5. Normalization is a very important database design ingredient, and the highest level is
always the most desirable a. True 6. Reporting anomalies in a table can cause a multitude of
problems for managers and can be fixed through application programming a. True 7. Data
redundancy produces data anomalies. b. False 8, The objective of normalization is to ensure that
each table conforms to the concept of wellformed relations a True b. False 9. Relational models
view data as part ofa table or collection of tahles in which all key values must be identified. b,
False 10. Repeating groups must be e nated by ensuring hat each row defines a single entity. b,
False
Solution
Ans 1) True
Explanation:- Normalisation is a process to minimise data redundancy and increase database
performance. It works by converting tables into normal forms like 1NF,2NF,3NF etc.,
Ans 2) False
Explanation:- During normalisation we wont change attributes to entities, just we create new
tables and shift attributes from table to other table.
Ans 3) True
Explanation:- Denormalisation is a process used to increase database performance by adding
some redundant data to normalised table to reduce some database problems associated with
queries that combine data from various tables to produce output.
Ans 4) False
Explanation :- Denormalisation involves adding some redundant data to normalised tables and it
wont produce any lower normal form..
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3.keylogger software records all the keystrokes pressed by us.This.pdf
3.
keylogger software records all the keystrokes pressed by us.This is dangerous when we apply
paswords.our passwords will be leaked to the people who developed these virus,for thier
pursonal benifits.To combat with this problem,there is a feature called as virtual keyboard in
most of the places in latest softwares,where we want to authenticate the data.As we already know
that keylogger cannot capture mouse events,we can use virtual keyword which is a replica of
keyboard in screen.we can click on the alphabets or numbers or any other keys in this replica
using mouse.This effect is same as pressing keys from the keyboard.This way we can enter our
data safely,when our computer or browser is affected by keylogger software.
4.yes,our computer/system is prone to threat by the popus.=.the software,which we downoad
may contain virus.It itself may be a virus.this is one of the way of transmitting viruses through a
web from system to system.sometimes these popup\'s tell us to click on some link,these links
sometimes leads virus infection computer,sometimes corrupt operating system,or deduce system
performance.
Solution
3.
keylogger software records all the keystrokes pressed by us.This is dangerous when we apply
paswords.our passwords will be leaked to the people who developed these virus,for thier
pursonal benifits.To combat with this problem,there is a feature called as virtual keyboard in
most of the places in latest softwares,where we want to authenticate the data.As we already know
that keylogger cannot capture mouse events,we can use virtual keyword which is a replica of
keyboard in screen.we can click on the alphabets or numbers or any other keys in this replica
using mouse.This effect is same as pressing keys from the keyboard.This way we can enter our
data safely,when our computer or browser is affected by keylogger software.
4.yes,our computer/system is prone to threat by the popus.=.the software,which we downoad
may contain virus.It itself may be a virus.this is one of the way of transmitting viruses through a
web from system to system.sometimes these popup\'s tell us to click on some link,these links
sometimes leads virus infection computer,sometimes corrupt operating system,or deduce system
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5] Special adaptation of whales includes 1) flexible rib cage which .pdf
5] Special adaptation of whales includes 1) flexible rib cage which prevents crushing of lungs
due to high pressure and 2) conservative use of stored oxygen by shutting down the digestive
system and other less important organs, while using oxygen for vital organs like brain, neurons,
and heart.
6] Whales vocalize by blowing air across structures resembling vocal cords called blowholes.
These lie in the head and are called monkey lips. After the monkey lips generate sound waves,
the oil-filled organ in the whale’s head focuses them which travels back to the surface of the
spermaceti organ and reflects out .The sperm whale sound is of low frequencies, while dolphins
produce high-frequency sound waves. the dolphins\' sound waves begin at the nasal sac which
travels through the oily bulbous head and focused out in front. while it receives the reflected
sound waves in its lower jaw, where the auditory nerves conduct it to ear and brain.
Solution
5] Special adaptation of whales includes 1) flexible rib cage which prevents crushing of lungs
due to high pressure and 2) conservative use of stored oxygen by shutting down the digestive
system and other less important organs, while using oxygen for vital organs like brain, neurons,
and heart.
6] Whales vocalize by blowing air across structures resembling vocal cords called blowholes.
These lie in the head and are called monkey lips. After the monkey lips generate sound waves,
the oil-filled organ in the whale’s head focuses them which travels back to the surface of the
spermaceti organ and reflects out .The sperm whale sound is of low frequencies, while dolphins
produce high-frequency sound waves. the dolphins\' sound waves begin at the nasal sac which
travels through the oily bulbous head and focused out in front. while it receives the reflected
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RDBMS are database management systems that store data in tables and define relationships between tables. Normalization is the process of organizing data to minimize redundancy by isolating data into tables and defining relationships between tables. Different normalization forms like 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF etc. are used to organize data with increasing levels of normalization. Stored procedures, triggers, views, indexes, cursors and other objects are used to manage, secure and optimize data and queries in a relational database.
153680 sqlinterview
RDBMS are database management systems that store data in tables and define relationships between tables. Normalization is the process of organizing data to minimize redundancy by isolating data into tables and defining relationships between tables. Different normalization forms like 1NF, 2NF, 3NF, BCNF etc. are used to organize data with increasing levels of normalization. Stored procedures, triggers, views, indexes, cursors and other objects are used to manage, query and maintain the database.
Similar to 1 ansProcess of transforming normalized relations into denormaliz.pdf (20)
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3.keylogger software records all the keystrokes pressed by us.This.pdf
3.
keylogger software records all the keystrokes pressed by us.This is dangerous when we apply
paswords.our passwords will be leaked to the people who developed these virus,for thier
pursonal benifits.To combat with this problem,there is a feature called as virtual keyboard in
most of the places in latest softwares,where we want to authenticate the data.As we already know
that keylogger cannot capture mouse events,we can use virtual keyword which is a replica of
keyboard in screen.we can click on the alphabets or numbers or any other keys in this replica
using mouse.This effect is same as pressing keys from the keyboard.This way we can enter our
data safely,when our computer or browser is affected by keylogger software.
4.yes,our computer/system is prone to threat by the popus.=.the software,which we downoad
may contain virus.It itself may be a virus.this is one of the way of transmitting viruses through a
web from system to system.sometimes these popup\'s tell us to click on some link,these links
sometimes leads virus infection computer,sometimes corrupt operating system,or deduce system
performance.
Solution
3.
keylogger software records all the keystrokes pressed by us.This is dangerous when we apply
paswords.our passwords will be leaked to the people who developed these virus,for thier
pursonal benifits.To combat with this problem,there is a feature called as virtual keyboard in
most of the places in latest softwares,where we want to authenticate the data.As we already know
that keylogger cannot capture mouse events,we can use virtual keyword which is a replica of
keyboard in screen.we can click on the alphabets or numbers or any other keys in this replica
using mouse.This effect is same as pressing keys from the keyboard.This way we can enter our
data safely,when our computer or browser is affected by keylogger software.
4.yes,our computer/system is prone to threat by the popus.=.the software,which we downoad
may contain virus.It itself may be a virus.this is one of the way of transmitting viruses through a
web from system to system.sometimes these popup\'s tell us to click on some link,these links
sometimes leads virus infection computer,sometimes corrupt operating system,or deduce system
performance..
5] Special adaptation of whales includes 1) flexible rib cage which .pdf
5] Special adaptation of whales includes 1) flexible rib cage which prevents crushing of lungs
due to high pressure and 2) conservative use of stored oxygen by shutting down the digestive
system and other less important organs, while using oxygen for vital organs like brain, neurons,
and heart.
6] Whales vocalize by blowing air across structures resembling vocal cords called blowholes.
These lie in the head and are called monkey lips. After the monkey lips generate sound waves,
the oil-filled organ in the whale’s head focuses them which travels back to the surface of the
spermaceti organ and reflects out .The sperm whale sound is of low frequencies, while dolphins
produce high-frequency sound waves. the dolphins\' sound waves begin at the nasal sac which
travels through the oily bulbous head and focused out in front. while it receives the reflected
sound waves in its lower jaw, where the auditory nerves conduct it to ear and brain.
Solution
5] Special adaptation of whales includes 1) flexible rib cage which prevents crushing of lungs
due to high pressure and 2) conservative use of stored oxygen by shutting down the digestive
system and other less important organs, while using oxygen for vital organs like brain, neurons,
and heart.
6] Whales vocalize by blowing air across structures resembling vocal cords called blowholes.
These lie in the head and are called monkey lips. After the monkey lips generate sound waves,
the oil-filled organ in the whale’s head focuses them which travels back to the surface of the
spermaceti organ and reflects out .The sperm whale sound is of low frequencies, while dolphins
produce high-frequency sound waves. the dolphins\' sound waves begin at the nasal sac which
travels through the oily bulbous head and focused out in front. while it receives the reflected
sound waves in its lower jaw, where the auditory nerves conduct it to ear and brain..
1c. Since DNA Polymerase works in 3-5direction thus one strand s.pdf
1c. Since DNA Polymerase works in 3\'-5\'direction thus one strand synthesize continously
known as leading strand and other discontinously in okazaki fragments known as lagging strand.
The first change can be made by modifying DNA Polymerase to work in both direction
simultaneously and other chnage to be made in slowing down of DNA Helicase enzyme.
2d. When all the DNA templates have been replicated,RNA primers get rplaced and DNA nicks
were joined. Enzymes that remove RNA primers are FEN1 (flap endonulcease 1) and RNase H.
These enzymes remove RNA primers at the start of each leading strand and Okazaki fragment,
leaving gaps. After removal DNA polymerase lands at the 3\' end of the preceding DNA
fragment and extends the DNA over the gap. However, this creates new nicksand then finally
DNA ligase joins sugar-phosphate backbone. While transcription termination occur through two
methods are Rho-independent and Rho-dependent termination.
Solution
1c. Since DNA Polymerase works in 3\'-5\'direction thus one strand synthesize continously
known as leading strand and other discontinously in okazaki fragments known as lagging strand.
The first change can be made by modifying DNA Polymerase to work in both direction
simultaneously and other chnage to be made in slowing down of DNA Helicase enzyme.
2d. When all the DNA templates have been replicated,RNA primers get rplaced and DNA nicks
were joined. Enzymes that remove RNA primers are FEN1 (flap endonulcease 1) and RNase H.
These enzymes remove RNA primers at the start of each leading strand and Okazaki fragment,
leaving gaps. After removal DNA polymerase lands at the 3\' end of the preceding DNA
fragment and extends the DNA over the gap. However, this creates new nicksand then finally
DNA ligase joins sugar-phosphate backbone. While transcription termination occur through two
methods are Rho-independent and Rho-dependent termination..
1. Orthogonality= Orthogonality mean change in something does not.pdf
1. Orthogonality
=> Orthogonality mean change in something does not effect other;
int x = 1;
int y = 2;
int a = x*y;
value of x and y are not changed by this action of multiply;
2. Regularity
Integers can be assigned to real variables, but not vice versa
int x = 5; // Correct
5 = x; // Incorrect
3. Uniformity
When language looks the same and acts the different;
int x;
int x;
the both X looks same but acts different depend on their scope;
Solution
1. Orthogonality
=> Orthogonality mean change in something does not effect other;
int x = 1;
int y = 2;
int a = x*y;
value of x and y are not changed by this action of multiply;
2. Regularity
Integers can be assigned to real variables, but not vice versa
int x = 5; // Correct
5 = x; // Incorrect
3. Uniformity
When language looks the same and acts the different;
int x;
int x;
the both X looks same but acts different depend on their scope;.
1) consolidated statment of incomeStatment of cash flowSum of pr.pdf
1) consolidated statment of income
Statment of cash flow
Sum of profit .............dividends
Statment of cash flow
2)Balance sheet
3)Balance Sheet- Cash and liquid assets
4) Balance sheet-Under current liabiltiies
5) Balance sheet - under long term liabilties
Solution
1) consolidated statment of income
Statment of cash flow
Sum of profit .............dividends
Statment of cash flow
2)Balance sheet
3)Balance Sheet- Cash and liquid assets
4) Balance sheet-Under current liabiltiies
5) Balance sheet - under long term liabilties.
(TCO F) In the U.S., laws are enforced by police agencies and the co.pdf
(TCO F) In the U.S., laws are enforced by police agencies and the courts. What are ethics and
who enforces them?
sol:
1) these ethics is defined as knowledeg with moral priciples or it is proper behaviour while
doing an activity
there are defined as standard and they will divide what is wrong and what is write
2)these are the rules or principles which are documented for doing the right way.these rules
contanins
i)always doing good to others
ii)to be fair enough
iii)dont cause harm to others ...etc are
3)if any one oppossed the law or the above rules then they implemented some punishments
which is applicable to
all and everyone
but ethics are not written principles there need known by an individaul person by himself or from
elders
4)here there is no system that which is implements ethics in society but they give guidelines to
people
who will enforce the rules on thier own to do
Solution
(TCO F) In the U.S., laws are enforced by police agencies and the courts. What are ethics and
who enforces them?
sol:
1) these ethics is defined as knowledeg with moral priciples or it is proper behaviour while
doing an activity
there are defined as standard and they will divide what is wrong and what is write
2)these are the rules or principles which are documented for doing the right way.these rules
contanins
i)always doing good to others
ii)to be fair enough
iii)dont cause harm to others ...etc are
3)if any one oppossed the law or the above rules then they implemented some punishments
which is applicable to
all and everyone
but ethics are not written principles there need known by an individaul person by himself or from
elders
4)here there is no system that which is implements ethics in society but they give guidelines to
people
who will enforce the rules on thier own to do.
seedless vascular plants=gymnosperms seed plants=angiosperms Flo.pdf
seedless vascular plants=gymnosperms seed plants=angiosperms Flowers are absent Flowers
present Double fertlization absent Double fertlization present Endosperms is haploid
Endosperm is triploid Endosperm is produced before fertilization Endosperm is produced after
fertilization Fruits absent Fruits present Pollination by wind (mostly) Pollination by animals
(mostly) Seed are naked Seeds are enclosed in the fruits Diplontic life cycle Diplontic life
cycle
Solution
seedless vascular plants=gymnosperms seed plants=angiosperms Flowers are absent Flowers
present Double fertlization absent Double fertlization present Endosperms is haploid
Endosperm is triploid Endosperm is produced before fertilization Endosperm is produced after
fertilization Fruits absent Fruits present Pollination by wind (mostly) Pollination by animals
(mostly) Seed are naked Seeds are enclosed in the fruits Diplontic life cycle Diplontic life
cycle.
See you have to obtain moles of N2O5 to calculate.pdf
See you have to obtain moles of N2O5 to calculate moles of NO2 produced. SO
moles of N2O5 = weight of N2O5 / molar mass of N2O5. Molar mass of N2O5 = 2*14+
5*16=108 (since N=14,O=16 molar mass wise) Hence 15.2 N2O5 over 108
Solution
See you have to obtain moles of N2O5 to calculate moles of NO2 produced. SO
moles of N2O5 = weight of N2O5 / molar mass of N2O5. Molar mass of N2O5 = 2*14+
5*16=108 (since N=14,O=16 molar mass wise) Hence 15.2 N2O5 over 108.
Geometric isomers are two or more coordination co.pdf
Geometric isomers are two or more coordination compounds which contain the
same number and types of atoms, and bonds (i.e., the connectivity between atoms is the same),
but which have different spatial arrangements of the atoms. Geometric Isomerism results most
commonly from Carbon-Carbon double bonds
Solution
Geometric isomers are two or more coordination compounds which contain the
same number and types of atoms, and bonds (i.e., the connectivity between atoms is the same),
but which have different spatial arrangements of the atoms. Geometric Isomerism results most
commonly from Carbon-Carbon double bonds.
lead has a 2+ charge in lead(II) nitrate, and nit.pdf
lead has a 2+ charge in lead(II) nitrate, and nitrate has a negative one charge. For
the compound to be electrically neutral, we need one lead ion and two nitrate polyatomic ions.
Nitrate is NO3- (side note: nitrite is NO2-) Pb(NO3)2 the compound has this many atoms Pb 2N
6O we need 1lead*207.2g/mole of lead + 2nitrogen*14.01 g/mole nitrogen + 6oxygen*16g/mole
oxygen to have a mole. This is 331.22g/mole We only have 50.0 g. We have less than a mole.
This means we need to arrange 50 and 331.22 and have the result be less than one:
50.0g/331.22g/mole = 0.151 moles We have 0.151 moles of lead(II) nitrate notice also that the
units work out when we divide with the g in the numerator and the g/mole in the denominator.
g/(g/mole) = g*(mole/g) = mole 2.5 moles of copper (I) sulfate. The \"ate\" form of sulfate has 4
oxygens (you need to memorize this for the various polyatomic ions) and is SO4 2- Copper(I)
has a 1+ charge. To get a neutral compound takes two copper 1+ ions. Cu2SO4 is the formula Cu
= 63.46 g/mole S = 32.07 g/mole O = 16 g/mole In 2.5 moles of Cu2SO4 we have 2.5*(2*63.46
+ 1*32.07 + 4*16)g since one mole has 2 coppers, one sulfur, and four oxygens. = 557.475 g
Since we have 2 sig figs in our number of moles, we should have 2 in our answer, so 560 g
would be the answer.
Solution
lead has a 2+ charge in lead(II) nitrate, and nitrate has a negative one charge. For
the compound to be electrically neutral, we need one lead ion and two nitrate polyatomic ions.
Nitrate is NO3- (side note: nitrite is NO2-) Pb(NO3)2 the compound has this many atoms Pb 2N
6O we need 1lead*207.2g/mole of lead + 2nitrogen*14.01 g/mole nitrogen + 6oxygen*16g/mole
oxygen to have a mole. This is 331.22g/mole We only have 50.0 g. We have less than a mole.
This means we need to arrange 50 and 331.22 and have the result be less than one:
50.0g/331.22g/mole = 0.151 moles We have 0.151 moles of lead(II) nitrate notice also that the
units work out when we divide with the g in the numerator and the g/mole in the denominator.
g/(g/mole) = g*(mole/g) = mole 2.5 moles of copper (I) sulfate. The \"ate\" form of sulfate has 4
oxygens (you need to memorize this for the various polyatomic ions) and is SO4 2- Copper(I)
has a 1+ charge. To get a neutral compound takes two copper 1+ ions. Cu2SO4 is the formula Cu
= 63.46 g/mole S = 32.07 g/mole O = 16 g/mole In 2.5 moles of Cu2SO4 we have 2.5*(2*63.46
+ 1*32.07 + 4*16)g since one mole has 2 coppers, one sulfur, and four oxygens. = 557.475 g
Since we have 2 sig figs in our number of moles, we should have 2 in our answer, so 560 g
would be the answer..
a. The Pauli exclusion principle is the quantum m.pdf
a. The Pauli exclusion principle is the quantum mechanical principle that no two
identical fermions (particles with half-integer spin) may occupy the same quantum state
simultaneously. b. 6 electrons
Solution
a. The Pauli exclusion principle is the quantum mechanical principle that no two
identical fermions (particles with half-integer spin) may occupy the same quantum state
simultaneously. b. 6 electrons.
More from apsaracollections (11)
3.keylogger software records all the keystrokes pressed by us.This.pdf
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1. Orthogonality= Orthogonality mean change in something does not.pdf
1. Orthogonality= Orthogonality mean change in something does not.pdf
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(TCO F) In the U.S., laws are enforced by police agencies and the co.pdf
seedless vascular plants=gymnosperms seed plants=angiosperms Flo.pdf
seedless vascular plants=gymnosperms seed plants=angiosperms Flo.pdf
See you have to obtain moles of N2O5 to calculate.pdf
See you have to obtain moles of N2O5 to calculate.pdf
Geometric isomers are two or more coordination co.pdf
Geometric isomers are two or more coordination co.pdf
lead has a 2+ charge in lead(II) nitrate, and nit.pdf
lead has a 2+ charge in lead(II) nitrate, and nit.pdf
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1 ansProcess of transforming normalized relations into denormaliz.pdf
- 1. 1 ans: Process of transforming normalized relations into denormalized physical record specifications are Denormalization: Reduced disk accesses and greater performance but Introduction of anomalies (and thus redundancies) that will necessitate extra data maintenance , increase chance of errors and force reprogramming when business rules change. And may optimize certain tasks at the expense of others. common demonistration opportunities the normalized relationship are transformed back to the non normalized form by the help of denormalization One to One ralationship: even if onr ralation is optional in the relationship ,in this case field without values will be set to null values.. do not interduce complications to updating Many to Many relationship: 1. By convention, the name of this join table is usually just the combination of the two tables of the many-to-many relationship. In this case , which implies that this is a join table since it’s using the name of two existing tables joined by an underscore. 2. This join table only contains the primary keys from tables. Since this join table is referring to primary keys that don’t actually belong to the join table, they are actually referred to as foreign keys. Referance data: one to one ralationship where 1 side is not to used has data not used in other relationship.introduce the additional updating if duplicate data changed 2 ans: circumstances will consider as denormalized records it must have good purpose only when it enhance performance for an application of user which needed to search frequently for redudence data Solution 1 ans: Process of transforming normalized relations into denormalized physical record specifications are Denormalization: Reduced disk accesses and greater performance but Introduction of anomalies (and thus
- 2. redundancies) that will necessitate extra data maintenance , increase chance of errors and force reprogramming when business rules change. And may optimize certain tasks at the expense of others. common demonistration opportunities the normalized relationship are transformed back to the non normalized form by the help of denormalization One to One ralationship: even if onr ralation is optional in the relationship ,in this case field without values will be set to null values.. do not interduce complications to updating Many to Many relationship: 1. By convention, the name of this join table is usually just the combination of the two tables of the many-to-many relationship. In this case , which implies that this is a join table since it’s using the name of two existing tables joined by an underscore. 2. This join table only contains the primary keys from tables. Since this join table is referring to primary keys that don’t actually belong to the join table, they are actually referred to as foreign keys. Referance data: one to one ralationship where 1 side is not to used has data not used in other relationship.introduce the additional updating if duplicate data changed 2 ans: circumstances will consider as denormalized records it must have good purpose only when it enhance performance for an application of user which needed to search frequently for redudence data