Borders Are The Worst Invention Ever Made By Politicians...

Borders Are The Worst Invention Ever Made By Politicians...
The Problem
"Borders are the worst invention ever made by politicians," Jean–Claude Juncker, the European
Commission president stated this while reflecting on globalization's failed promise of borderless
nations, and the creation of borders more rigid than ever (2016). Across the world, wall building has
become the common political strategy used by nations who deem physical barriers as the only way
to deal with difficult neighboring nations. The increasing fortification of borders as not just a
political line, but as an established physical barrier, responds to the security and migration issues at
a global level. Border walls are used for varying purposes, walls can separate opposing forces; often,
they are used to make territorial claims; however the more problematic use, is the keep out
unwanted groups.
When the Berlin Wall fell nearly three decades ago, there were 16 border walls in the world; today
the number is ever growing with over 70 completed border walls globally (Brunet–Jailly, 2016).
Experts agree that walls do not address the root problems of security and migration, supported by
the fact that global refugee applications and terrorist attacks have increased tremendously even
though countries have walled themselves off; which leaves unanswered questions as to the real
reason walls are still being built. Although building a wall has become a common political strategy
in response to global concerns of security and migration, nations should consider the reasoning
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A Brief Note On The And Foreign Involvement
ISIS and Foreign Involvement In Syria civil war has been raging since March 2011. The conflict an
attempt to overthrow the second Assad regime, led by Bashar al Assad, and multiple rebel groups,
including the Free Syrian Army (FSA), the Islamic Front, the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria(ISIS),
and Jabhat al–Nusra (the Syrian branch of al–Qaeda). Like his father, who held power before him,
Bashar al Assad has been a corrupt tyrant who rigged elections and eliminated personal freedoms.
Two important contributors to the development of civil war in Syria were the drought that began in
2006 and the Arab Spring. The drought left many civilians in poverty, in need of support from the
government, which was never provided. This caused ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ISIS then extended their efforts into Syria, opposing Assad and his Alawite/Shiite government.
Making the Syrian situation even more complicated, Kurds from Eastern Syria seek to establish
their own independent Kurdish state. The Syrian National Coalition was formed in 2012 as a
government that could replace the Assad government, but the Assad regime refuses to relinquish
power.
The Netherlands Stance on the Syrian Civil War: In his address to the UN general Assembly on
September 27, 2013, the Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs discussed The Netherlands' priorities of
keeping order in the world:
"The Netherlands advocates a coherent agenda to strengthen the international legal order. A peaceful
world demands a sustainable legal order and a powerful agenda for development. It demands a
strategy for disarmament and a focus on human rights . These are the principles of the Netherlands '
foreign policy." So, focus on human rights, maintaining legal order, and promoting economic
development are the principles that guide the Netherlands 's stance on the Syrian Civil war and how
the UNSC should be involved in it. While the Netherlands is in agreement with the US, the United
Kingdom and France in opposing the Assad regime, support sanctions against it and also oppose
ISIS, they have not been active supporters of any of the rebel groups. The Netherlands has stated

Defining Kurdish Nationalism In The United States
Defining Kurdish Nationalism There is a grave complexity in defining Kurdish nationalism as it has
developed into modern Middle Eastern countries. Calculating to a population of over 25 million,
they are the largest minority in the world to not have their own state. Their nationalist movement has
remained resilient in three pivot countries: Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. Kurds have been active in the
country of Syria as well, since the 1980's. Kurdish diaspora has existed in western Europe where
long–distance nationalism has been promoted. In the strife for human rights, the Kurds have
suffered as any other people would in the Middle East. They have faced massacre, poison gas, mass
deportation, and linguistic discrimination. The three states that ... Show more content on
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They endure near daily causalities and recently Ankara has undertaken a bifurcated anti–terror
program against the PKK and the IS. Frequent attacks in Turkey by the IS and the PKK has driven
Turkey to kill 260 Kurdish militants as of August 1, 2015. The reasoning for these death tolls within
a week–long air raid in northern Iraq is due to nine civilian causalities in Turkey and Iraq. "For the
peace and security of our people, the fight against terror organi[z]ations will continue without
interruption," as stated by Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu. The PKK's rebellion for rights and
power for Turkey's Kurdish minority has been ongoing for the past thirty years and has left tens of
thousands dead. Though a ceasefire was issued in 2013, Turkey's Kurdish militants have sought
refuge in northern Iraq where the PKK has been tolerated and continue to dodge such attacks. The
PKK has been instructed to terminate fire in populated areas. Turkey's president Erdogan hopes to
shut down this "fascist" organization by the end of the year. Turkey's and Iraq's goals are to see the
Kurds and their parties purged from their

My Country Assessment Of Syria
My country assessment of Syria contains much of the recent history, but I believe to truly
understand what is happening today, we must understand how historically Syrian politics,
geopolitical regional experiences and culture has come into play in the world understanding of a
proud, but fractured Country. In this assessment I will tackle modern history, political and insurgent
threats to the region and to the United States foreign missions as well as short and long term analysis
on the direction of the country and U.S. policies going forward.
Syria is one of the oldest civilizations in history, with art, written language, and religious activities
dating back to the time of Mesopotamia. It has been the dagger's edge in the Levant, splitting
between western culture, and eastern religious ideology for the last two millennia. Significant
religious acts in religious lore such as Paul the apostle converting to Christianity on the road to
Damascus (Acts 9:1–43) also transpired in Syria. The country has been conquered numerous times;
the mix of art, religions, governments and culture have changed and left scars on the country. In this
manner Syria is as diverse of a place as many European cities at their' cultural height.
Modern Syria presents many challenges. President Basher Al Assad has ruled since 2000, and ruled
with an iron fist. He has consistently put down uprisings along the northern border with Turkey and
western border with Lebanon. Separatist movements

Islamic State Of Iraq And Syria
Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) is a military and political organization which is mainly led by
nationals of Iraq and Syria. ISIS has committed crimes of unimaginable cruelty in Syria and Iraq but
the international criminal court (ICC) does not have the power to open a case, according to Fatou
Bensouda. The court was unable to prosecute because neither Syria nor Iraq were members of ICC.
(ICC, 2015) Crimes which have been reported, consist of mass executions, sexual slavery, rape and
other forms of sexual and gender–based violence, torture, mutilation, deployment and forced
recruitment of children and the harassment of ethnic and religious minorities, and the destruction of
cultural property.
ISIS Jihadists originated from Al–Qaeda and claim to be running a caliphate – an Islamic state ruled
by one leader. They want to enforce their view of conservative Islamic traditions. The caliphate
covers IS–controlled areas in northern Syria and North–Western Iraq. ISIS uses social media to
spread fear. ISIS has more than 30,000 fighters known for their brutality and it is said to be raising
more $2 million a day from oil sales, taxes, extortion and smuggling. The U.S. and Arab partners are
launching airstrikes on Syrian targets to degrade and destroy ISIS. (BBC, 2014)
On October 30th, 2015, President Obama authorized boots on ground in Syria to assist in fighting
ISIS. He has approved about less than 50 troops, but more could be sent. The troops will rotate in
and out of Syria

Ehmedi Xani 's Mem U Zin
Although Martin van Bruinessen in his essay "Ehmedi Xani's Mem u Zin" concludes that that Xani
himself was probably not a nationalist in the way academics understand it today, for his poem was
written in the 1700s. Nevertheless, it does not dilute his importance to nationalist Kurds within the
last hundred years (41). The Kurdish pride that Xani portrays in the poem through his writing it in
Kurdish and its calls for Kurdish supremacy certainly aroused the religious and nationalist
sentiments of those studying in the lodges and madrasas. In addition, other sources that circulated
among these Kurdish schools including the 19th century Kurdish nationalist poet, Haji Qadri Koyi,
who wrote poetry similar to that of Xani's in the Sorani dialect, as well as the early writings of Said
Nursi, a 20th century Kurdish rights activist who later abandoned his Kurdish roots and founded the
very popular Nurcu Islamic movement in Turkey (Bruinessen, Mullas 48–9). For the Muslim Kurds
living in the rising era of nationalism, Islam and Kurdishness were fused, inseparable of one another.
Besides the important function these lodges and madrasas had on Kurdish nationalism, the shaykhs
attained immense power during the early 1800s, making them invested agents in an autonomous
Kurdish state. Bruinessen postulates that because of the Ottoman Empires declining strength and
lack of ability to formally control the Kurdistan regions, religious shaykhs became the intermediary,
impartial forces

Us Support And Agendas Within The Middle East
US support and agendas within the Middle East have been extremely complicated in the last century.
Starting with the backing of the Shah of Iran in the early 1950s to the present–day conflict in Syria,
there appears to be no decision without adverse secondary and tertiary effects. Since the Persian
Gulf War, US policy has been fully supportive of the Arabs and Turks while limiting official support
for the Kurds in Turkey, Iraq, and Syria. Nevertheless, unofficially, the US has fully supported the
Kurds militarily through the establishment of long–term partnerships between military forces. While
always a point of contention with Turkey and the Government of Iraq (GOI), the recent increase in
support for Kurdish forces in Syria to oppose the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) brought
the issue to the forefront. The time for US policy to withhold support for the Kurds is past due to
their critical role in the campaign against ISIL. The US attempted to establish a coalition amongst
the Turks and the Arabs but this has largely failed to turn the tide of ISIL's advance. However,
following the consistent successes of the Kurds advance wresting control of northeastern Syria away
from ISIL, it is a foregone conclusion that the US requires an alliance with the Kurds if they wish to
establish some semblance of stability in the Middle East. In the end, can the US ethically and
morally provide support to the Kurds, ignoring requests from US allies in the region?

Overview of Kurdistan Essay
Kurdistan is a region located between Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. The Kurds are the biggest
ethnicity on the planet without a state to this day. This paper will focus on the Iraqi part of
Kurdistan, for it has come the closest to a state–like notion as per Weber's definition. Iraqi Kurdistan
is a region characterized by many diplomatic issues due to lack of acceptance as a state. The region
was established through an autonomy agreement with Iraqi government in 1970 after decades of
disputes between the Iraqi government and the Kurds in the north. The region had already
established a government, but it lacked many characteristics that are applicable to a state. The
constant conflict with the Iraqi government has been ongoing since the ... Show more content on
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For many Kurds, the need for a free independent Kurdistan with all four parts united has not been
forgotten and will never be. Various methods and strategies have been used in the attempt to
establish an independent state, but the prevailing conditions have always been against the Kurds,
until the second Gulf War and the toppling of Saddam. This is attributed to the lack of many
defining characteristics of a state, thus Weber's notion of a state can be used to describe the
prevailing conditions within the Iraqi Kurdistan (Zunes 19). It has been a difficult struggle for Iraqi
Kurdistan to achieve legitimacy as a state due to a lack of acceptance by the international
community and constant disputes with Iraq and neighboring countries.
Notion of a state
Based on Weber's notion of a state, a state can be defined as an establishment that is legitimate and
has the power and authority over its citizenry. Moreover, it should have an influence on the internal
affairs of the state as well as the foreign. As per Weber's specific definition, "a state has an imposing
business model on honest to goodness viciousness" (Oslon 673) Thus, various institutions and
foundations such as the military, common administration or state organization, courts, and police
characterize the state. The citizenry should also be involved in activities within the state. An
example is private equity whereby the citizenry contributes to the state by facilitating infrastructural
growth and economic

Kurds Need More Than Arms: Kurdish Military Analysis
The Evolution of a Nation State
The Kurds are the largest ethnic group in the world without their own state. Numbering between 20
and 30 million, they have been split by the imperial legacies of WWI between Iraq, Iran, Syria, and
Turkey. A New York Times article, The Kurds Need More Than Arms, examines the failure of U.S.
foreign policy to look at the long term consequences of purely military support for Kurdish forces
(Fantappie 2015). The U.S. is currently using the Kurdish military forces as a proxy to fight the
ground war against ISIS complementing the U.S. and allied air campaign. However, direct support
of Kurdish forces could raise expectations for Kurdish independence, a goal of the Kurdish people
since the failure of the Treaty of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
interests, but were quickly crushed by Saddam's forces. Bush came to the rescue of the Kurds on
April 6, 1991 when the U.S. and allies launched Operation Provide Comfort which created a safe
haven for Kurds in northern Iraq enforced by American air power (Crowley 2014). The safe zone
continued after the end of the Gulf War, expanding Kurdish autonomy from Baghdad through the
U.S. invasion of Iraq and deposition of Saddam Hussein in 2003. While the Gulf war bought another
round of Iraqi offense in Kurdish territory in response to Kurdish support of the American war
effort, the Gulf War was the true beginning of Kurdish autonomy in Iraq (Stansfield 2013). The KDP
and PUK emerged as the dominant political groups and they held election in 1992 to form the
Kurdistan National Assembly and the creation of the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG).
However, this new government was confined into a relatively small geographic region surrounded
by hostile forces and still trying to define its national identity between two strong historically
opposed political groups. The unified government between the PUK and KDP was pushed over the
brink as civil war erupted not to subside until 1997. Under Saddam Hussein the Kurdish people
were pushed to the brink of survival and challenged to absolve historical political divisions to unite
against a common enemy. Unfortunately, the safety of American protection led to a

Jwaideh Nationalism Essay
During this period, Kurdish nationalist movements were intertwined with Islamic establishments
and figures because of their unique ability to disseminate Kurdish propaganda and ideology and
mobilize Kurds. Without Islam, Kurdish nationalism never would have been utilized and become
such a formidable, active, and persistent force against its Turkish, Persian, Arab, and British
opponents. With the spread of religious orders throughout the Kurdistan region, Sufi Islam
flourished, thereby creating an environment hospitable to nationalist indoctrination. The Naqshbandi
and Qadiri brotherhoods were the most popular of the orders and possessed major political and
social influence. While the two orders maintain doctrinal differences regarding proper prayer, self–
mortification, and transfer of spiritual authority, structurally, they contained two extremely
important elements that made Kurdish nationalism possible: lodges and shaykhs.
First, Sufi lodges were the spaces where nationalism was promoted and comprehended within an
Islamic context. For example, Jwaideh insists, "The importance of the takiyas [religious orders] as
centers for the dissemination of nationalist ideas can scarcely be exaggerated. The ideas emanating
from these focal points found ready and wide acceptance among the Kurds, for they bore the stamp
of the shaykhs' great learning and impeachable religious authority" (105). In these lodges, students
not only learned about the Qur'an and the hadith, but they

Yezidi Research Paper
While the Yezidi live mostly in Kurdistan and speak a dialect of Kurdish, they are not to be confused
with the Kurdish people. Ethnically, Yezidis are Kurdish but in every other aspect, they are certainly
a culture of their own. Primarily, the largest distinction for the Yezidi is their religion. Due to this,
the Yezidi people differ from most others in their society because of the differences that their
religion leads to. The kinship aspect of Yezidi culture is very distinct and relates to their religious
beliefs. Yezidi prevents any converts to their religion, Yezidism. In 'History of the Yezidi' written by
Kitab Al–Jilwa, the author writes "generally, historians, anthropologists and sociologists classify the
Yezidi as a religious group. Certainly the Yezidis themselves view their religious identity as the
single most important defining ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Joshua Project addresses this as well saying Yezidis "aren't supposed to wear the color blue or eat
lettuce. Their holy day is Wednesday and they aren't supposed to take showers on that day." These
are all features of the Yezidi culture that is crucially important to be aware of. During cross–cultural
ministry with this group, it could be detrimental to the ministry efforts if the missionary is not aware
of these practices. Yezidism is a religion of orthopraxy. This is seen through their many rituals, rules,
and exclusivity. Encyclopedia Iranica describes these crucial customs the best. The editors write that
"the Yazidis' concern with religious purity, and their reluctance to mix elements perceived to be
incompatible, is shown not only in their caste system, but also in various taboos affecting everyday
life." One of the interesting taboos that the article in this encyclopedia mentions is the purity of the
four elements. There is a taboo for spitting on the ground (the element earth), water, or on

The Theories Of International Relations And Transnational...
The theories of international relations (IR) and transnational politics offer quite different views on
international politics. Whereas, traditional IR focuses on inter–state relations, transnational politics
focuses on interaction in a specific issue area between societal actors in different national systems,
for example issues as feminism, the occupy movement or multinational companies. According to
Sikkink (1998), these kinds of transnational issues present a puzzle for theorists of IR. Many of the
dominant theories (but predominantly Realism), have trouble accounting for the rise of certain
issues (in Sikkink's case human rights) and dismiss them as marginal or insignificant (Sikkink,
1998:517). In this essay I will explain the differences ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
International relations has its focus on inter–state relations where states are regarded the most
important actor. Transnational politics focuses more on interaction between societal actors in
different nation states. In this essay, I used the case of the Kurdish diaspora to prove my point. As I
mentioned earlier, the concept of transnational politics entails three important features. First, there is
interaction between societal actors of different nation states. This was the case as the Kurdish
diaspora is scattered all over the world, but kept in contact. Second, it bypasses the institution of
government. This is also the case, because the Kurdish diaspora do not have a homeland and
consequently no government. Third and last, the interactions affect government and states. This
requirement is also met because of the possibilities the Kurds have to influence their homeland and
host countries' policies. Thus, due to the fact that the Kurdish diaspora meets the three requirements
it provides a perfect example of transnational politics and is a good example of the difference
between international relations and transnational

Kurds Research Paper
Kurds are a group of ethnic Sunni Muslims who form a distinctive community, united through race,
culture, and language, even though they have no standard dialect. Before World War I, the
traditional Kurdish lifestyle was nomadic around sheep and goat herding throughout the
Mesopotamian plains. The collapse of the Ottoman Empire after World War I created a number of
new national states leaving the Kurds no longer free to roam and they were forced to abandon their
seasonal migrations and traditional ways. Today, half of the Kurds live in Turkey, with a fifth in Iraq
and the rest split between Syria, Iran, and Armenia. But since the early 20th century, Kurds have
always wanted a collective home, commonly referred to as Kurdistan. After World War ... Show
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Similar tensions exist between the Iraqi Government and the Kurds. In the 1920s and 1930s the
Turks put down the Kurds; the Turkish Government deprived them of the Kurdish identity by
outlawing their language and forbidding them to wear traditional Kurdish clothing in cities. The
Government also encouraged immigration of Kurds to the cities to divide the populations in the
mountains. Turkey continues its policy of recognizing the Kurds as a minority.
In 1978, Abdullah Ocalan established a Kurdish workers Party, or PKK, which advocated
independence. It recruited young Kurds, taking advantage of repression of the culture, language, and
poverty to fight a guerilla war against Turkey. Ocalan fought this battle from Syria, but was impelled
by Syrian authorities by pressure from the Turks. He was later arrested in Nairobi in 1999.
ISIS has an ideology of creating one Islamic state breaking down all the boarders that were created
after World War I. Also, there is a particular interest, for these extremists, because they want to use
Kobani as a strategic route to sell their oil through to

Compare And Contrast The Killers And The Darling
Different Cutlers
The Killers and The Darling are the two stories I decided to compare and contrast to the
contemporary Kurdistan because they implicitly and explicitly reveal so much about the culture,
existed in both US and Russia during late 19th century and early 20th century. The killers was
written by Ernest Hemingway and takes place in US during the 1920s, during Prohibition. The story
starts when two strike men, who do not behave properly, walk into a lunch–room after several
dialogues between characters; it becomes clear that the two men are there to kill someone. Even
though the target is warned after several scenes, he does not react; accept for telling the one who
warned him not to do anything. Therefore, they no longer ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
To illustrate, when Kukin hisses angrily "on the other hand, the public is ignorant, savage. I give
them the best in operetta, fairy pageants, excellent music – hall singers, but is that what they want?
Do they understand anything about it they want buffoonery! Give them banality!" How he describes
public proves that 19th century Russian were not so concerned with art and literature, and the reason
for this is because people at that time were not educated. Thus, they could not understand plays and
enjoy them. This is similar and different to present Kurdistan at the same time. In Kurdistan people
seldom go to watch a play because some Kurds think that plays are only for some intellectual people
who can understand what is going on in the play. Another reason is because children from the first
levels of school are not taught to love art and literature. And luck of having good theaters and artists
is another reason. Therefore, In both 19th century Russian and contemporary Kurdistan there is
some kinds of ignorance towards art and literature for different reasons as mentioned above.
In conclusion, there were many cultural differences and similarities between the two worlds of these
to stories and present Kurdistan. Nevertheless, in this essay I compared the most important cultural
theme existed within these works, such as racism, parent's roles in generating new

Investment: Desages And Disadvantages And Disadvantages Of...
Asoo Othman
Dr. Jeffrey
April 20/2017
LGS 225
Forgin Investment It is real that the globalization rapidly expand through borders and industries, and
it has happened because of forgin dircet investment. Foregin direct investment has advan and
disadvantages. Foregin direct investment considered as one of the most important major in the
business and economicenvironment and it is connected with business enterprise and benefits. This is
very helpful because it helps to achieve your business goal in a short amount of time. Around the
world, many countries open their borders to foreign investment. The one that makes the investment
can be business corporation or individual, and group of companies. FDI leads to increase in job
creation and employment. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After 2003 many foreign companies try to reach Iraq because Iraq has natural resources and it
attracted foreigninvestor to invest in Iraq. According to Iraq Country Commercial Guide Iraq from
2013 to 2011 attracted 70$ billion in FDI. From this data, we can realize that Iraq got a lot of money,
so it helps to increase economy.Also, Iraqi government brought some companies to for its largest
housing project, which are Italian firm, Korean Firm, UAE, Kar Construction, RW, and Markez, and
it has two sides which are disadvantages and advantages for the Iraqi people(Country Commercial
Guide Iraq).According to the Article 2 investment law, the advantage is that many foreign
companies come to Iraq and many Iraqi people employees work with them, so it helps to decrease
the rate of unemployment (The Investment Law No (13) of 2006). The disadvantages are that Iraqi
government gave them a lot of money to foreign companies. If the Iraqi government contracted with
local companies to the House project, the economy of Iraq became

Kurdish Culture
Kurdish Culture
Anita Palomo
Anthropology 101
Mr. Steven Sager
January 21, 2013
Kurdish Culture
The Kurdish people are an indigenous ethnic minority found in the country of Iraq, also in parts of
Turkey, North West Iran and smaller areas of North East Syria and Armenia. Ethnically parallel to
the Iranians, the Kurds in the past traditionally nomadic herders but are currently mostly
seminomadic. The majority of Kurds are Sunni Muslims. The Kurds are the most populated ethnic
group in the world that does not have their own independent country. The Kurds, one day may
become independent, but there are still numerous issues that are unresolved in a region saturated
with war and disagreements over coveted natural resources (oil). Prior to the ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Everyone does whatever they can to resolve any conflicts or misunderstandings that may be carried
from the year before. Even though most Kurds are no longer nomads, they continue to celebrate
important dates associated with that way of life. These include lambing time, celebration before
moving the herds to summer pastures, shearing time, and the time of return to the village in the fall.
Islamic holidays vary in importance among individual Kurds.
The Kurdish nation is very proud of its extravagantly rich oral literature, such as poems, tales,
songs, and proverbs. Story–telling, is a highly valued form of communication within the Kurdish
culture. The Kurdish language is very different from Arabic and Turkish Languages. There are two
major dialects in the Kurdish language, Kurmanji and Dimili–Gurani. These dialects most likely
were passed down orally There is no specific music related to the Kurdish princely courts, and
music mostly performed in night gatherings is considered classical. Several musical forms are found
in this genre. Many songs are epic in nature, such as the popular lawiks which are heroic ballads
recounting the tales of Kurdish heroes of the past like Saladin. Heyrans are love ballads usually
expressing the melancholy of separation and unfulfilled love. Lawje is a form of religious music and
Payizoks are songs performed specifically in autumn. Love songs, dance music, wedding and other
celebratory

Persecuted Church
Horrifying evil shocks us into paralysis. That is the point of terrorism: not just to kill, but to
demoralize any opposition into hopelessness and inaction. As urgent as it is to document Christian
persecution in our time to shine a light on it, it's important too to understand that evil doesn't stand
unopposed. There are signs of hope: the heroic virtue of many Christians in the face of genocidal
attack; the help they have received from noble allies; and some signs that the tide may have turned
and things can get better.
Earlier this spring I heard Steve Wagner, the head of Solidarity with the Persecuted Church, give an
inspiring and informative presentation about the conditions of persecuted Christians in the hot spots
of Iraq, Syria, and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
We accomplish this by providing material assistance for projects requested by the churches
themselves, so that the local Church can do those things it thinks are needed to endure. SPC seeks to
be the vehicle for concerned people who want to express their support and solidarity for Christians
brothers and sisters at risk. By contributing to an IRS recognized non–profit such as Solidarity with
the Persecuted Church, individual contributions are tax–deductible. In fact, it is not legal for
American citizens to send money to Syria; they must work through an established organization such
as

Essay on Kurdistan
Kurdistan is a region that has existed in turmoil and is the "never was" country. The Kurds are the
fourth largest ethnic group of the Middle East, numbering between 20 and 25 million.
Approximately 15 million live in the regions of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria, an area they called
Kurdistan, yet they do not have a country of their own. Formal attempts to establish such a state
were crushed by the larger and more powerful countries in the region after both world wars. When
the Ottoman Empire collapsed after World War I, the Kurds were promised their own independent
nation under the Treaty of Sevres. In 1923 however, the treaty was broken allowing Turkey to
maintain its status and not allowing the Kurdish people to have a nation to call ... Show more
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Apo claims his main goal is the creation of a country for the world's 20 to 25 million Kurds, more
than half of whom live in Turkey, the rest in Iraq, Iran and other neighboring countries. Roughly, a
million are in Europe, in exile or as migrants, the bulk of whom are in Germany. He stated also that
he wanted to put an end to Turkish colonialism and all forms of imperialist domination over
Kurdistan.
Turkey has been a key player against the PKK. Geography, politics and history have conspired to
render 30 million Kurds the largest stateless people in the Middle East. The Government of Turkey
has long denied the Kurdish population, located largely in the southeast, basic political, cultural, and
linguistic rights. The government of Turkey has in turn waged an intense campaign to suppress PKK
terrorism, targeting active PKK units as well as persons they believe support or sympathize with the
PKK. As part of its fight against the PKK, the Government forcibly displaced noncombatants, failed
to resolve extra judicial killings, tortured civilians, and abridged freedom of expression. The Turkish
government has also managed to burn over 4,000 villages forcing Kurds to flee from their
homeland. Finally, the Turkish government estimates that the conflict with the PKK has exacted a
high financial drain on the

Definitions Of Family In Kurdistan
Family in Kurdistan In this essay, I will be exploring an essential word that can be understood or
elucidated in various ways based on three perceptions, which is Family. The word family is defined
as "a group consisting of one or two parents, their children and close relations" according to Oxford
dictionary. However, the word family is described differently bases on the people's educational level
in Kurdistan. Firstly, among the educated or modernized members of the community family is
defined as the source in which they gain their respect and pride. Moreover, this class of the
community is either less or not patriarchal, and all of the family members have the same rights
without exceptions. On the other hand, while the majority of Kurdistan's population has a low
educational background, therefore the uneducated portion of our society defines family as several
relatives in a house that is mostly led by a male, and moral values are considered to be related to
females. In contrast to all, I believe that family does not relate only to blood relatives or living
things. Instead, family can relate to the people and things that get along and are based on each other,
therefore, one loses its value in the absence of the other. Hence, in this ... Show more content on
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As a person, who grows within this complex culture, but studies with foreign people and interested
in social relations; I think family is not merely about blood relatives or living things. Instead, family
can represent the people and things that get along and are based on each other as one loses its value
in the absence of the other either it would be mentally or realistically. To illustrate, within the human
societies two people can be called a family when one of them could not do anything without the
other's help or performance. However, same thing applies to the non living things, such as pen and
paper. The value of pen would be lost if there was no

Talisman Case in Iraq Essay
Talisman Energy INC.: The Decision to Enter Iraq
I. Introduction Any company that decides to expand internationally should consider many
complexities that it might face. Because of the differences in political system, culture, surrounding
environment, and many other factors, there might be great barriers for a firm to expand
internationally. The CEO of Talisman Energy Inc and senior executive team have to convince the
board of directors to enter Kurdistan region of Iraq. After Talisman's scandal in Sudan, taking any
other step into an unstable region carries a great risk.
II. The Problems 1. Talisman Energy Inc. started as a small independent oil company which needed
to grow and expand internationally since that North ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Talisman cannot take the risk and face another scandal like what happened in Sudan.
Talisman should investigate about how independent Kurdistan is from the rest of Iraq, if there is any
singe of conflict between Kurdistan and the government of Iraq, Talisman then should clear it out
with the Iraqi government. It is as I mentioned an unstable region, so there is a great chance of
conflicts.
Talisman should clear out how the shares after oil discovery will be divided, since that they are not
sure of finding oil or not, there might be some conflicts after the oil discovery, simply because oil is
demanded all over the world, so the Iraqi government might change it's mind and decide to get its
share of the profit.
Talisman should use the media to their side before any other conflict appears. There should be some
meetings with NGOs to clear out Talismans policy and intentions in entering Iraq. There has to be a
communication between Talisman and the NGOs to make sure that the company is away from
funding any civil wars. That way, shareholders will feel even more comfortable, and the company
will not risk its reputation.
V. Implementation of the Solutions (1) Talisman should start meeting with NGO's before they enter
Iraq, this way the company will be clear with the rest of the world about their future moves. (2) The
investigation about the situation between Kurdistan and the

Kurds Research Paper
Culture of the Kurds According to United Kingdom based news syndicate, BBC, in their article
entitled, Who are the Kurds?, "Between 25 and 35 million Kurds inhabit the mountainous region
straddling the borders of Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Iran and Armenia" (2016). This would make them the
fourth largest ethnic group in the Middle East. Although the Kurds adhere to a number of different
religions and creeds, they are considered a race of people with a unique history that separate
themselves from the surrounding cultures of the middle east due to their differing religious beliefs,
cuisine, dance, crafts, and geopolitics.
Who They Are
The Kurds have occupied the now north–eastern Syria, south–eastern Turkey, northern Iraq, north–
western Iran ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another legend known as Newroz, proclaims that an evil king of the Assyrian named Zahak
conquered and terrorized modern–day Iran. He demanding human sacrifices by the form of eating
young men's brains. Assisted by some of the local king's servants, some young men fled and hid in
the mountains with the aims of gather and training an army to oust the demon king. Once ready, the
army descended from the mountains and slayed the tyrannical king. Kaveh the Blacksmith claimed
the demon's thrown and founded the Kurdish people according to Özoglu, in his book, Kurdish
Notables and the Ottoman State: Evolving Identities, Competing Loyalties, and Shifting Boundaries
(2004).
Today they are still a nomadic people that mostly live in huts, herd livestock, and occupy the
mountainous regions of the Mesopotamian plains and highlands regions. Kurds are often regarded as
"the largest ethnic group without a state," according to Michael Kennedy in his New York Times
article, Kurds Remain on the Sideline of Syria's Uprising despite their attempts for independence
this last century (2012).
Religion
The majority of the Kurdism people are Sunni Islam Muslims. This means that they follow the
teachings of the Koran, which has the teaching of the Jewish and Christian Bible's Old Testament,
(Judaism excludes the New Testament) with additions from their prophet

How Kurdish Are Treated Differently From The Traditional...
Part1:
In Ghobadi's cinema, we see how Kurdish are treated differently from the normal Iranian women.
For instance, their dress code is different Rojin address is exposing too much of her skin, she wears
traditional colorful clothes were on a normal occasion she is supposed to wear the black chador in
Iran. Though she covers her hair, she does so with a white headscarf, unlike the traditional Islamic
black headscarf. The film also highlights the male dominance issue in the society. The women are
married off to women they do not know, for instance, Rojin marries a man who she has never seen
in the film "A Time for Drunken Horses". Moreover, women are not prohibited from singing in
public in Iran for religious reasons. This restriction is particularly restrictive to Kurdish women who
are used to sing and dance with men in a traditional or public gathering.
Ghobadi, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, they have a four old blind child, Riga with them. Her faces reflect her suffering. For
instance, she never smiled in the film, reflecting her past hard life, where she was raped by Iraqi
soldiers. Giving birth to Riga as a result of that heinous act. Agrin is forced to carry this pain with
whenever she goes and Riga is the constant reminder. The burden is too much for her to bear to an
extent that it reaches a point that she wants to abandon the little Riga. Moreover, she is
contemplating suicide as a result of this depression. But she eventually did commit suicide by
throwing herself down the precipice. Agrin is a representation of a Kurdish woman, she is unhappy,
hopeless and either raped or occupied. She is stripped off her joy for life just like her tribe that is
divided by international boundaries, and subject to constant wars and bombings. The Kurdistan is
under occupation, denied freedom and it is full of land

The Islamic State Of Iraq
The Islamic State has been created in 2003 during the invasion of Iraq by a Jordanian in order to
expel Americans. The movement has been linked to Al–Qaeda but has been weaken by the
American offensive. However since 2011 the organization has used the Syrian civil war to regain
influence and territories. In 2013 Al–Qaeda rejected the movement because of its violence. They
tried to create an alliance with Al–Nosra which refused because of its violence too. The Islamic
State has been known under several names: first Tawhid wal Djihad, Al–Qaeda in Iraq, Islamic State
of Iraq, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, Islamic State of Iraq and Syria and then Islamic State.
But under its different names, its goal has always been the same: to ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The USA has really reconsidered the threat of this group after the kidnapping and execution of two
American journalists and the quick rising tide of the organization. So how the USA is dealing with
the ISIS threat and is its strategy suitable? We may wonder why the Islamic State is difficult to
struggle, what is the American strategy to "eradicate" this terrorist group and what are the limits of
the strategy of the international coalition led by the USA.
The Islamic State is currently considered as the major threat of the USA according to a recent survey
on American people . But is this group really strong, well–equipped and so a threat for the West?
Firstly the Islamic State is the wealthiest terrorist group of the world. At the beginning some Gulf
countries have helped the group but have stopped with the raising of its violence. But now the group
is self–financed with racketeering and robbery of conquered territories. For instance the capture of
the city of Mossoul gave a lot of money staying in its banks. But the group is also using the money
of ransoms for hostages and is mainly dealing lots of oil. However this wealth is not the only reason
of its strength. The problem is that we do not know accurately the allies or supporters of the Islamic
State. As a consequence we do not know exactly the men that the organization has in its ranks.

The Crusade For Reconstruction ( Jihad )
The organization was to take charge of the assets of the Pahlavi Foundation and to use the proceeds
to assist low–income groups. The new foundation in time came to be one of the largest
conglomerates in the country, controlling hundreds of confiscated and nationalized factories, trading
firms, farms, and apartment and office buildings, as well as two large newspaper chains. The
Crusade for Reconstruction (Jihad), established in June, recruited young people for construction of
clinics, local roads, schools, and similar facilities in villages and rural areas. The organization also
grew rapidly, assuming functions in rural areas that had previously been handled by the Planning
and Budget Organization (which replaced the Plan Organization in ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Because Arab states, including Iraq, had in the past laid claim to Khuzestan as part of the "Arab
homeland," the government was bound to regard an indigenous movement among the Arabic–
speaking population with suspicion. The government also suspected that scattered instances of
sabotage in the oil fields were occurring with Iraqi connivance. In May 1979, government forces
responded to these disturbances by firing on Arab demonstrators in Khorramshahr.
Several demonstrators were killed; others were shot on orders of the local revolutionary court. The
government subsequently quietly transferred the religious leader of the Khuzestan Arabs, Ayatollah
Mohammad Taher Shubayr al Khaqani, to Qom, where he was kept under house arrest. These
measures ended further protests.
The Kurdish uprising proved more deep–rooted, serious, and durable. The Kurdish leaders were
disappointed that the Revolution had not brought them the local autonomy they had long desired.
Scattered fighting began in March 1979 between government and Kurdish forces and continued
after a brief cease–fire; attempts at negotiation proved abortive. One faction, led by Ahmad
Muftizadeh, the Friday prayer leader in Sanandaj, the capital of Kurdish culture, was ready to accept
the limited concessions offered by the government.
The Kurdish Democratic Party, a more radical group issued demands that the authorities in Tehran
did not feel they could accept.
These included the enlargement of the

Kurdistan: Kurdish Statelessness
Kurdish Statelessness
The Kurds are a large group of people who are from Kurdistan. Kurdistan is a large area of land in
the Middle East that makes up land throughout Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey. Although the Kurdish
people have lived in Kurdistan for centuries, their land has never been declared a state. Therefore,
the Kurdish people are a stateless population.
The Kurds mostly live throughout Iran, Turkey and Iraq. Also, some of them can be found living in
Syria, Russia, Lebanon and Germany. Kurdish intellectuals live in exile in European countries such
as France, Sweden etc. (1 pg.1). In 1975, the Kurds made up 19 percent of Turkey's population with
a total number of 7,500,000 people. They had a population of 2,500,000 people in Iraq which made
23 percent of the country's population. In Iran, the Kurdish people made up 10 percent of Iran's
population consisting of 3,500,000. In addition, the Kurds were a part of 8.5 percent of Syria's
population with 500,000 people (1 pg. 4). Moreover, in 1991, the Kurds maintained 19 percent of
Turkey's population with an increased population of 10,800,000 people. Their numbers increased in
Iraq with a population of 4,100,000 people upholding their 23 percentile. The Kurdish people
increased in numbers and made up 23 percent of Iran's population with a number of 5,500,000.
Their population consisted of 1,000,000 in Syria making up 8 percent of their populace (1 pg. 4).
Therefore, one can draw the conclusion that the Kurds are in large

Northern Kurdistan Research Paper
History of Turkish Occupation of Northern Kurdistan
Since 1984, and especially the last few months, the domestic problems of a major N.A.T.O, Middle
Eastern, and American ally state have come to the forefront of the international news scene. That
state is the Republic of Turkey and it's primary troubles stem from the past seven decades of
acrimonious policies directed at the indigenous ethnic Kurds. The main problem, now, is the
Kurdish popular insurgency on it's hands, in Turkish occupied Northern Kurdistan.
The Kurdish question has long been covered up and denied by the state of Turkey, but recent events
has forced Turkey to concede that it has a serious Kurdish insurgency on its hands. Turkey's inability
to deal with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, past Turkish rhetoric has been that there is no official Kurdish problem in Turkey, because
officially no Kurds exist. We can ascertain that the kurds make up between twenty–five and thirty–
three percent of the Turkey's population. This would put the Kurdish population about twelve to
twenty million (Morris). Because of past and present forced Turkish assimilation practices, the
Kurds live in all parts of the country, but most of the Kurdish population is concentrated in the
southeastern part of Turkey. They represent a high percentage of the population in fifteen provinces
and take up a total of thirty percent of all of Turkey (Kendal). Economically, the Kurds are the
poorest inhabitants of the country. The per capita of a Kurd is one–tenth of a Turk living in Istanbul;
well below the poverty line (McDowell). While the rest of Turkey has modernized and adopted
some capitalistic practices, the
Kurdish areas, by contrast, are underdeveloped and exploited by feudal landlords.
The wealth of the area is "drained and channeled to the Turkish metropolis
(Kendal)." Much of the region is relatively unchanged since the last seventy years of Turkish rule or
has suffered even worse economically. The thirty million Kurds of the Middle East have lived in
Kurdistan before record of modern history was kept. The very first mention of the Kurds in

Essay about Kurdistan's Choice of Independence
For more than a century, the demand or desire for a Kurdish state somehow divided the Kurdish
people and their neighbors in terms of their opinion toward an independent Kurdish state. Kurds are
possibly on of the largest ethnic groups in the world that do not own a country of their own. They
are the largest minorities in Iraq, Iran, Turkey, and Syria (Murray p.31). It has been a challenge due
to the radical ideologies of the neighboring countries toward an independent Kurdish state since they
always translated that step as a threat to the repeating of the scenario to the Kurds in their own
country. It is usually hard to express your self as a Kurd when people ask you about your place of
origin. A Turk, Egyptian, or American can almost ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their assumption is that these countries will not support the declaration of an independent Kurdish
state. However, these claims are mostly assumptions. According to "The Investment Fact Sheet" of
the investment board of the KRG, the 2012 public budget is $12.5Bn . This is a relatively large
budget to sustain a country. When it comes to geography, the fear of a total sanction from all sides is
possibly overrated. Countries like turkey will mostly not oppose this step due to their large scale
trading with the Iraqi Kurdistan region. According to figures by "Kurdistan Ministry of Trade &
Industry", 60% of the companies that work in the KRG are Turkish companies . Another argument
raised is the factor of politics. People who counter the idea debate that most of countries in the
world won't be accepting the idea of an independent Kurdish state in north of Iraq. However, Falah
Mustafa, the head of the Department of Foreign Relations stated, "The KRG values its strong
relations with foreign governments and international firms. Ensuring that we continue to develop
and strengthen friendships is an important priority". This indicates the willingness of the KRG to
cooperate with countries and establish diplomatic relations to ensure a better communication. On the
other hand, some state that the Kurdistan region of Iraq is going through a

The Rise Of The Peshmerga
Peshmerga means those who are prepared to confront or face death. This military force began
around the 1920's and have experienced a lot of tension between political groups. The Peshmerga is
currently fighting ISIS which is the biggest terrorist organization in the world. They are not only the
leading protectors of the Kurdistan Region, but also the entire world.
Initially, the Peshmerga was developed by freedom fighters that were members of the KDP and
PUK, who used guerrilla warfare tactics to regain control of and protect Kurdistan. After the
collapse of the Ottoman and Qajar empires, freedom fighters created the Peshmerga to regain
control over Kurdistan. When the Peshmerga first started, guerrilla warfare was used to fight
enemies and defend the Kurdistan Region. The Peshmerga had become an effective and powerful
guerrilla fighting force at the time of the Iran and Iraq war in the 1980's ("Who are the Peshmerga?,"
2014). The KDP and PUK were the governmental powers which influenced the Peshmerga and its
formation. The head of the Kurdish ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The members of the Peshmerga battled to keep the region under the authority of their leading
governmental party. The KDP consisted of a conservative political philosophy that follows tradition.
While the PUK consisted of a socialist political philosophy that is more inclined to the left. The
philosophical differences between the two groups in power of the region and Peshmerga caused a
civil war to break out in the 1990's. This war caused Kurds to choose sides and hatred increased.
The Peshmerga was used to fight against one another in support of their leading power. The civil
war came to a halt when the leader of the Kurdish Democratic Party, Massoud Barzani, signed an
agreement for peace with Jalal Talabani, the head of the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan ("Kurdish
Peshmerga,"

Essay on How Culture Impacted on Kurdish Community Mental...
Culture is an experience, knowledge, values, beliefs, religion, notions of time, spatial relations,
attitudes, meanings, concepts of the world, hierarchies, and possessions acquired by a community in
the course of generations. Culture is a part of every human being. It does not matter where someone
was born or lived. Every single human being is surrounded by culture that effects his or her life.
Culture influence our beliefs, expectations, norms and how someone will think and act. Culture also
affect every ones mental health in many different ways.
Today we will discuss how culture impacted on Kurdish community mental health. Kurds are an
ethnic group who was originated in Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Syria. Many Turks immigrated to the
other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It leads to unemployment and these women start feeling anxiety and loneliness. Culture effect
everyone in so many different ways. Culture has a big impact on the mental health. For example,
Kurds prefer male child over female child. Kurdish culture also prohibit any medication that contain
alcohol. Organ transplant and any mechanical ventilation is also prohibited, unless there is a prof
that it can save a life, then they may decide to change their mind. Kurdish culture also perform
special rituals for dying person. Kurdish culture also prohibit postmortem after the death, because
they believe that death person may feel more pain in after life. They also believe that dead body may
only be handled by same sex individuals and must be washed before burial of the body. Kurdish
culture also impact the way Kurds think about their food. They only eat Halal meat. If Kurd is
admitted in hospital, he or she prefer to eat food brought from home or they might eat only
vegetarian food at the hospital. Kurdish communities are male dominated. Females are not allowed
to travel alone and a male family member must accompany the female. All the decisions are made
by male in the family.
In conclusion, we can say that Kurds are very religious and cultured oriented people. They put their
religious beliefs before their health. Culture is playing very big role in their mental health and the
way they treat their mental illness. Women and children are not allowed to make any

A Student At The College Of William And Mary
I am writing to you today as a student at the College of William and Mary. I am in an International
Security class and recently we studied the events occurring in Syria. As you are well aware, the
situation in Syria has been dramatically deteriorating in recent months with the rise of the Islamic
State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) and the recent entrance of Russia into the conflict. Syria,
meanwhile, has been in the midst of a ravaging civil war since the early spring of 2011. Currently,
the government of Syria is led by President Bashar al–Assad, a member of the Syrian Ba'ath Party, a
branch of the same Ba'ath Party that Saddam Hussein was also a member of. This similarity may
lead some to think that Syria will end up like Iraq, with a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
This led to various sectarian strifes among the countries in the Middle East. Since Russia started
bombing, they have mostly targeted anti–Assad rebels, rather than ISIL which they stated they were
bombing. I propose to include Russia in the current coalition, led by the United States, which also
include Australia, Bahrain, Canada, France, Jordan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, United Arab
Emirates, United Kingdom. There will have to be negotiations in order to get Russia to cooperate so
they do not go rogue and bomb targets that are supported by the West and other countries in the
coalition. By having Russia in the coalition and working with the United States, there will be a
greater oversight of their operations and more transparency among the nations. This will help with
making strategic attacks so ISIL can be degraded and destroyed and also so the Assad regime will
finally relinquish power to a democratic government. There also must be targeted strikes upon ISIL's
main sources of income: oil reserves. Although this may harm potential future capabilities of Syria
or Iraq to drill for oil, it will severely disrupt the income of ISIL so that they will not be able to buy
the resources necessary to fight against the governments and to maintain the territory which it has
already conquered. Next, in order to quell

Logline Research Paper
Logline A pregnant mother and her son are smuggled out of the Islamic State of Iran by her Iranian
husband because of the war 8–year war between Iran and Iraq. SYNOPSIS A bright light hit
MIRIAM´S (25) face from the bedrooms window, it suddenly woke her, and her husband, OMAR
(28) sleeping next to her, grabbed her arm and screams that they have to run down to the basement.
Their son, ALI (8) stood outside the parents bedroom door, Omar lifted his son, while holding his
wife's hand, and ran down the stair. Another explosion hit, then another, then another. Finally, they
got down to the cellar. The dark cellar had no light, it was dark, with no windows, the smell of the
dust made Ali sneeze, he asked his parents why they had to run down to the cellar almost each night.
This question ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They are covering their faces, and they tell them that they should have over all passports, and money
they have on them. The Kurdish villagers screams, and tries to get away from them, but for no use,
Hussein, Miriam and Ali are in the background, they do not move, nor are they saying anything.
They notice that the chief of the Kurdish villagers Amir is taken in the front, and is explaining to the
soldiers that they are crusaders and that they just move around to find a new place to tent. The
soldiers are threating him to either pay them money to make them pass or to be killed. Amir do not
have any money, but he tells them that they can take whatever else they want, as long they could
pass, the villagers refuse this and begs the soldiers to let them go back home. The soldiers looks into
their luggage and personal belongings, and tells Amir and the other villagers that they have to move
back, if not they will be shot. The villagers and Amir have no other choice than to go back, however,
Miriam, Hussein and Ali are left

Effects Of Bribery And Corruption In Kurdistan
Bribery and Corruption in Kurdistan
Corruption and bribery are like cancer in most governments and businesses around the world. There
is always someone that is not being faithful in his job. Kurdistan like every other country is facing
this type of conflict. It is destroying the economy of the region. Kurdistan has been going through an
economy crisis in the past few years, corruption and bribery are a big aspect of this crisis. It happens
in every day's life everywhere around us. Bribery can be defined as offering something, usually
money to gain advantage. On the other hand, corruption is to abuse a position or to use the power of
your position to gain advantage. Whenever either one of these ways of gaining advantage is used,
other ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The future of this region is in the hand of the students, so if the students are not properly educated,
the future of this region will be between some ignorant people's hands. This conflict is harmful on so
many levels. In order to resolve a conflict one must find the roots of the conflict or what causes it.
The reason why students can easily bribe teachers is because the salaries of teachers are not
adequate to cover their needs and demands. If the government could pay the teachers higher salaries
that can cover all of their needs, they will not take bribes from students. The low salary issue goes
back to the bad economy in Kurdistan, and beside that they are not giving the salaries in time
causing the rates of bribery to increase. They are also implementing taxes which are surely going to
effect lower and middle class people. Not having an infrastructure that the region can depend on
when it's going through a crisis is a huge cause of this phenomena. The educational system is
corrupted as well, because during this crisis teacher are even more volatile that before to be forced
by the higher class of the people with the power. The reason

Turkey After The Fall Of The Ottoman Empire
After the fall of the Ottoman empire, Turkey received a new identity as Modern Turkey. With
Turkey being home to over 45 different ethnic and religious groups, this makes it a diverse and
unique nation. This goes to show how unity is important in a diverse country like Turkey for its
future success. All of these contribute to the cultural makeup of this country. Turkey's current
population is 78 million. According to a report, 70% of Turkey's youth population will reach
working age by the year 2023. (United Nations 87). This goes to show that right now there is a very
large young population in Turkey that is on the verge of joining the workforce. This will
dramatically affect the economy in Turkey. As it relates to society, this has great cultural
implications, because the next generation will make up the moral fabric of society.
In order to understand the Turkish youth culture, it is important to first understand the current
political climate in Turkey, because politics can determine the mood of a country and its culture.
Turkey's party system currently consists of four main political parties, the Justice and Development
Party, Republican People's Party, Nationalist Movement Party, and the Peoples' Democratic Party.
Each party has a huge political clout in the country, especially in the specific regions in Turkey. All
the parties have an enormous bulge of youth supporters which contribute greatly.
The Justice and Development party (AKP) became relevant in the Turkish

The Sykes-Picot Collusion
4.4. A New Epoch of Political Life 4.4.1. The Sykes–Picot Collusion
Long before the end of the War, the people in the Middle East had been destined to live in new
boundaries bargained in the Sykes–Picot collusion of May 1916 or officially the Asia Minor
Agreement which was leaked by the Bolsheviks in 1917. Britain, France, and the Czarist Russia had
awarded themselves with splintering the Ottoman's territories among themselves as they desired i.e.,
Cilicia, Lebanon, and Syria for France; Iraq and Palestine for Britain; Istanbul and the straits for
Russia and southwest of Turkey was occupied by Italy. Upon Russia retreat and giving up all claims
and according to the collusion of 23 December 1917 between France and Britain, Kurdistan was
assigned to Britain under "the English zone" of "influence". France and Britain also added the 'C'
zone (the Southern Anatolia) for Italy upon his learning of the agreement. Before the Sykes–Picot,
the Constantinople Agreement had been concluded on 18 March 1915 among Russia, Britain, and
France by which Constantinople (Istanbul) and the Turkish Straits were to be ceded to the Russians
but it never implemented. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Figure 2. New borders based on the Sykes–Picot Agreement

Syrian Kurds And The Civil War
In the midst of the chaos of the on–going Syrian civil war, the nation of Syrian Kurds has slowly
coalesced and formed its own self–proclaimed sovereign country, complete with its own constitution
and form of government. Though still in its early days, it has already collaborated with international
powers to fight off terrorist groups, and remained a strong hold in the region of northern Syria. This
conflict will continue to evolve and have major implications for the future of Syrian Kurds, and
other groups in the region with regard to questions of resource control and Kurdish sovereignty.
This is a conflict that requires national attention and concern because Syrian Kurds are the largest
ethnic group in the world that does not have a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, this will be an area of further conflict due to the resources this region holds. When the
fighting in Syria subsides, the Kurds in this region stand to lose their self–proclaimed autonomy due
to outside influence and interest in these scarce resources. This paper examines the challenges
Rojava will face in the coming years, and the possible necessary steps needed for the Kurds to claim
stability in a region surrounded by opposition.
This paper asks: how has elite manipulation for political, economic, and territorial gains produced
unfavorable circumstances for the Syrian Kurdish population? And how will this factor into Kurdish
claim of sovereignty in Rojava, given the region is rich with scarce natural resources? Therefore, the
main point this paper will argue is that elite manipulation aided in creating the Kurdish ethnic
conflict within Syria in the decades leading up to the Syrian civil war, along with how this elite
manipulation holds the potential to cause further problems for Kurds when it comes to the issue of
autonomy and self–governance in the region they have claimed as their own. In other words, the
Kurdish ethnic conflict within Syria will create further problems for the notions of proclaimed
Kurdish

White Helmets In The Odyssey
When learning about the white helmets, the connection the white helmet group used was that in
Homer's The Odyssey, Odysseus takes back his home from the suitors, in the same way the white
helmets are also trying to take back their home, which is Syria.
The white helmets are volunteer workers in Syria who are risking their lives to save civilians from
the bombings from the Syrian government, which is targeted at the rebels who are fighting the
government but instead hitting innocent civilians. These workers had to leave their old jobs to
dedicate themselves to this new lifestyle. There have been more than 200 deaths from the
volunteers. Now there are currently 140 women volunteers.
In Syria, for several years, there has been a civil war going

The Government 's Freedom Of Press
Since the Turkish state was founded by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk in 1923, the press in Turkey has
never been free. The first government was ruled by the Atatürk's party, the Republican People's
Party (CHP), which claimed to be liberal and modernist; however, they made a law which could
shut down and /or censor any newspapers which they did not like. (Bulut, 2015). During the CHP
era, 130 newspapers and magazines were banned. Although many parties' names have changed
throughout the years, the ruling ideology has been the same. For instance, during the rule of Prime
Minister Adnan Menderes (1950 – 1960, Democrat Party), 161 newspapers were banned (Yılmaz,
Doganer, 2007). Unfortunately, today's freedom of press in Turkey has further worsened. At the end
of 2011, 110,000 websites were shut down by the AKP government's attempts. (Depeli, 2012). Many
journalists were arrested, tortured and imprisoned. Most of the cases were associated with terrorism.
According to the BIA Media Monitoring Reports, 104 journalists and 30 distributors were
imprisoned in 2012. Also 64 of the journalists were Kurdish as well as almost all distributors.
(Depeli, 20112).
When Atatürk founded the Republic of Turkey, his ideology was to westernize the country through
changing the education and political systems. Even though the majority of the population of Turkey
supported the Kemalist (Atatürkist) ideology today and his "modern world–view", they never
acknowledge some of the genocides that happened

Ethnic Minorities In Turkey
Ethnic minorities around the world remain to face significant and major barriers to social mobility
and equal opportunities and resources. One of the main risks that almost all minority groups face is
being driven away from their land and deprived from their natural resources, which are vital and
essential for their livelihood. In addition to systematic inequity, members of ethnic minorities can
face day–to–day discrimination which can cause them to feel less welcome and accepted. Uyghur
muslims in China and Kurds in Turkey illustrate and represent the problems faced by ethnic
minorities, and how such problems have played an important role leading to political stability and a
violation of human rights within a nation. In China, the Uyghur Muslim ethnic group is found the
predominantly muslim province of Xinjiang, in the far eastern part of China (refer to Appendix A,
Figure 1). They are of Turkic descendancy, speak a language that is largely related to Turkish and
regard themselves to be very culturally and ethnically close to neighbouring Central Asian
populations. This is where controversy begins to occur. Prior to the 18th century, the region that's
now Xinjiang had an intermittent autonomy and periodic independence. However, during the 18th
century, the region came under the Chinese rule, and became officially part of Communist China in
1949 shortly after the formation of an East Turkmenistan State – which included the region of
Xinjiang but was largely short lived. As

Abdullah Kurdi Research Paper
"Everything I was dreaming of is gone." Those are the words of Abdullah Kurdi, whose wife and
two children drowned after the small boat that was supposed to take them from Turkey to the Greek
island of Kos had capsized. Abdullah Kurdi was ultimately trying to get his family to a better life in
Canada when it all went wrong and he lost everything. Since Alan Kurdi's little body washed up on
a Turkish beach on September 3, his photos have taken the world by storm.
Abdullah, his wife Rehen, and their two sons, Alan, 3, and Galib, 5, were living in Kobani, the
Syrian city on the border between Syria and Turkey, before it was ridden of people by Islamic State
extremists. The family fled to Turkey with the end goal of reaching Canada and reuniting with
Abdullah's sister, Tima Kurdi, a Vancouver hairdresser. Tima Kurdi had been trying to bring her two
brothers, Abdullah and Mohammed, and their families to Canada. With the help of an NDP member
of Parliament, Tima sent in papers for her brother Mohammed and his family. The Immigration
Department released a statement on September 3, saying that Mohammed's application had been
denied because "it was incomplete as it did not meet regulatory requirements for proof of refugee
status recognition." ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Kurdi's luck ran out shortly after the boat left shore as big waves took control of the watercraft
and it soon capsized. The father, Abdullah, was the family's lone survivor. The Kurdi's sorrowful
story is not unique. This year alone, more than 2 600 have died venturing across the

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