Hellenistic Religion

Hellenistic Religion
Emerging from the depths, Christianity began as a small sect contained within Judaism, but
throughout the next 300 years the small sect grew to be the religion of the Roman Empire. Surviving
a turbulent political climate, Christianity took root and could not be eradicated. Many things
influenced Christianity, such as: Hellenistic thought, conflict with Judaism, and trying to stay
relevant within the Rome Empire. Though Christianity began as a small sect, absorbing certain
aspects of culture allowed Christianity to grow and become one of the most influential voices in the
Empire. Early Christianity began with core Jewish beliefs at its epicenter. The disciples believed in
"the one God who had revealed himself in the Hebrew Scriptures, this ... Show more content on
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Constantine's mother, Helena, was a Christian. Still influenced by pagan culture, Constantine
worshipped the sun god. However, in 312, Constantine went to battle for the right to his father's
throne and something happened that would change the course of Christianity forever. Before
entering into battle, Constantine was resting and was taken up into a dream in which Jesus Christ
appeared in a bright light and announced that by this symbol he would win the battle which was
about to ensue. The outcome of the battle was in Constantine's favor. After his victory he moved the
Empire in the direction that was favorable to Christians. One of his first acts was to establish the
"Edict of Milan," which allowed Christians and all others to worship freely. He also established a
city named after himself and the said city was deemed the first Christian
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Power And Pathos : Bronze Sculpture Of The Hellenistic World
Power and Pathos: Bronze Sculpture of the Hellenistic World Amid the Hellenistic period from the
passing of Alexander the Great in 323 B.C. until the foundation of the Roman Empire in 31 B.C.,
the medium of bronze drove imaginative advancement. Sculptors moved past Classical norms,
supplementing accustomed subjects and romanticized frames with reasonable renderings of physical
and passionate states. To achieve this, using the discovery of bronze for art, they start to create
pieces of art composed bronze and other alloys. Bronze–surpassing marble with its rigidity,
intelligent impacts, and capacity to hold fine detail–was utilized for element organizations, stunning
showcases of the naked body, and realistic articulations of age and character. Cast from
combinations of copper, tin, lead, and different components, bronze statues were delivered by
presenting honorific representations of rulers and natives populated city squares, and pictures of
divine beings, legends, and mortals swarmed havens. The Seated Boxer and the Statue of an Athlete
are two sculptures that encompass the complete aspects of the figures through representation and
materiality.
Made in the Hellenistic period, when an affection for authenticity made a capable development on
prior Classical optimism, the boxer is incredibly sensible. The statue depicts a boxer situated with
his arms laying on his knees, his head swung to one side and somewhat raised with mouth open. The
figure is stripped aside from his

Hellenostic Individualism Vs Hellenistic Individualism
In 323 B.C., the Hellenic Humanistic civilization came to an end, and Hellenistic individualism was
born. Hellenistic individualism was everything that Hellenic Greece was not. This new time period
would be described as "Greekish" because it was not purely Greek in culture (Humanities, 83).
Before the Individualistic era began, the civilization was united in language, philosophy and
religion, having a strong historical impact that connected them. Hellenistic individualism was
created in a time of loneliness and isolation. When the polis were replaced, individualism emerged,
because people were searching for continuity, they were searching for identity through the
individual (Humanities, 91). I will be contrasting the different viewpoints from Hellenic Age and the
Hellenistic Age; focusing on the philosophy of Aristotle, the philosophy of Epicurus and the new art
form. The Hellenistic Greek culture is different starting with the shift of the polis to the cities. The
new era was a blend of past ideas from the East and West (Messner 10–27–17). Some of these ideas
were building on the ideas of the polis, but that goal was not able to be succeeded. For many reasons
being, the new state was bigger, diverse and did not have an equal leadership balance (Messner 10–
27–17). This resulted in a completely new era where people began to have new perspectives that
they did not have before. Their perspective on philosophy, which was heavily impacted by Aristotle,
took a huge turn. Unlike

The Rise Of The Hellenistic Age
The way the Greeks ran their city–states was second to none. So it was only fitting that other
society's tried to mimic what the Greeks were doing, and so a man by the name of Alexander the
great, who was eager to start his own age created the Hellenistic age. Hellenistic means "literally
imitating the Greeks; the era after the death of Alexander the Great when Greek culture spread into
the Near East and blended with the culture of that region." (Spielvogel, 94) Even though Alexander
the great set the foundation for the Hellenistic age it truly began to take form after his death.
So many of these cities played such a crucial role in the success of the Hellenistic Kingdoms. After
Alexander's death there were four major Hellenistic monarchies

Analysis Of Rolf Strootman, Courts And Elites In The...
In Rolf Strootman's, Courts and Elites in the Hellenistic Empires, he discusses the Kingdoms of the
Hellenistic era, there courts, how kingdoms were developed, the importance of military might,
emphasis of the king as a war hero, king viewed as a liberator of cities and the development of
diplomatic relations with the cities that are being governed by the kings.1 Strootman looks at three
kingdoms to explain how the kingdoms in this empire function, they are the Ptolemies, Antigonids,
and the Seleukids. In these empires, Strootman explains how the kingdoms were mostly nomadic, in
the way that the court would constantly move around and follow the king where ever he went.2 So
Strootman makes the case that the courts were not defined by a ... Show more content on
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Kingdoms in this era were subject to imperial claims (other than by the emperor), making the role of
emperor not absolute and in constant struggle to maintain control over, through negotiations or
confrontations.5
In this book, Strootman elaborates on how there are two essential diagrams for exposing political
assertiveness during the Hellenistic period shedding light on the function of imperialism, the first
describes the court as a political structure used to assert power but this idea is rivaled with the
importance of the theater and the important role it played in to support the role of the king and his
court against the courts of others. The other is describing capital and cities as tools of a power play
made by those of power (the king and his courtiers).6 These arguments as Strootman exposes to the
reader that based off of the ideas of Norbert Elias, Jurgen von Kruedener and Charles Tilly, we are
able to better understand the function of court during this era.7 Kruedener as mentioned by
Strootman explains how the role of favor with the king was vital to the attainment of power within
the kingdom, disbursement of land holdings, duties of offices and this was all done through
exposure before the king through the instrument of court. Although the king and his court

Art And Emotional Realism In The Hellenistic Era
The Hellenistic Era was a time of drastic evolution and change amongst the Classical Greek Era.
Alexander the Great made many conquests throughout Persia, Egypt, and the Mediterranean, which
created a fusion of multi–ethnic cultures, resulting in the Hellenistic Era. This era turned the corner
on the Classical Era's concept of religion, art, and science. The influences of Egyptian, Persian, and
Mediterranean cultures in the Hellenistic era exposed the Greeks to unfamiliar ideas, resulting in a
rise private worship, individualized art, and concrete scientific facts. First, between the eras art
transformed from perfectionism in the Classical Era to a more emotional realism in the Hellenistic
Era. In the beginning, most statues were carved of stone. However, bronze and marble was later
introduced into the world of sculpting which grew in popularity amongst artists. Next, a prime
example of the influence of perfectionism during the Classical Era were sculptures mainly
composed of Gods and Goddesses. Hellenistic sculptures, on the other hand, focused on ways to
show fluidity that complemented how the body moved. Although each era exhibited different artistic
styles, both eras shared a common focus on human anatomy. In ... Show more content on
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For example, Aristotle who was philosophy based scientist, "produced a system of deductive
reasoning for both universal and existential statements, and theorized on the cosmos, life, matter and
mind, and the 'good life.'" (cite this) On the other hand, Eratosthenes of Cyrene created many
inventions including the water pump, death ray, and the claw as well as calculating the
circumference of the Earth. In 200 BCE Eratosthenes, with miraculous accuracy, calculated the
circumference of Earth by using lengths of shadows throughout locations in Egypt clearly this
illustrates the shift to utilizing concrete facts in science. (cite this,

Hellenistic Monks
A monastic community is a place where women or men live out vows of obedience, poverty, and
chastity. The monks of Norcia are an international community with a median age of 36. This
brotherhood unites them to one to another by their common search for God. The three
characteristics of a monastery are prayer, observance, and liturgical life.
Described by the Rule of St. Benedict, the full Divine Office (Liturgy of the Hours) marks hours of
the day dedicated to the prayer life of the monks. Additional prayers such as the Jesus Prayer, the
Rosary, Eucharistic Adoration, and Lectio Divina Prayers add to the daily round of Mass and
Offices as spiritual nourishment. Aspects of observance are St. Benedict's fast, chanting of the
Office, the observance of silence, and abstinence from meat. Monks foster the " reconciliation in the
heart of the Church" through the careful celebration of the liturgy. The liturgy is the public prayer of
the Church that celebrates what God has done for them. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Benedict said, "Keep death daily before your eyes." St. Benedict's saying refers to more than
physical death, but also death to self. A monk is called to this daily, such as leaving family, friends,
and home. Through prayer and daily conversion, the monks die to self and remain hidden or
forgotten. They observe the many rules of Saint Benedict's outline for monastic life, dependability
to prayer, vigil, and fasting. The beauty of the Church's liturgical tradition communicates the peace
of Christ to the rest of world.
The Rule of Saint Benedict is a book of precepts written by Benedict of Nursia for monks living
under an abbot. It is summed up in the motto of the Benedictine Confederation: ora et labora, which
means pray and work. This rule has been used by Benedictines for fifteen centuries. The model for
the monastic life is based on a family, with the abbot as father and all monks as

ROMANS HEIRS TO GREEK AND HELLENISTIC
CIVILIZATION
IN WHAT WAYS WERE THE ROMANS HEIRS TO GREEK AND HELLENISTIC
CIVILIZATION?
The Hellenistic civilization marked an important time in Greek culture. This was the period between
323 and 31 BC, at one point the Greek society changed from being withdrawn and localized to an
aggressive multinational, unprotected, and eager culture that infused together southwest Asia and
eastern Mediterranean. The Hellenistic world involved many different people but the Greeks'
thinking and way of life influenced most of the matters.1 Every aspect related to culture followed
the beliefs of the Greeks and this led to the Greek language becoming established, as the official
language of this area. The following arguments are centralized around ... Show more content on
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Moreover, the law did not allow women to hold office, but the men who held offices were allowed
to seek counsel of their wives and this could only be done in private. Conversely, equality of men
and women was more in the Roman society than it had been in the Greek culture.
Professor Roy Mathews and Dewitt Platt centralized their arguments around political humanities of
the western world, and around the period for the Hellenistic civilization. This is when the
institutions and culture of other nations interacted with the Greek's in order to create a multicultural
and varied civilization. From their definition, this would seem to suggest that Rome should not be
counted as Hellenistic civilization because of the controversial time lines. Nonetheless, Rome was
situated in the ideal geographical location, which naturally created a varied and multicultural
civilization due to its expansion and methods of conquering people. This explanation indicates that
Rome was an heir to Hellenistic civilization even though it does not fit according to the definition
given by Professor Mathews and Platt. Professor Noble, on the other hand, explains how the fall of
the Roman Empire led to the rising of three great civilizations of, the Byzantine Empire, medieval
Europe, and the Islamic caliphate.8 Professor Noble

Summary: The Hellenistic Period
The Hellenistic period occurred from 323–31 BC and brought forth a new idea of passion in art.
This historical time period succeeded the Classical Era of Ancient Greece, where sculptures were
made for an idealistic perfection. However, during the Hellenistic art period, sculptures endured a
stylistic change. Artists no longer felt required to portray people as ideals of beauty or physical
perfection. Sculptors took inspiration from pathos and drama to display exaggerated, dramatic,
emotion–filled, more realistic pieces of art. They used common and holy people as subjects for
sculpture, and used marble, sometimes stone, to create and depict their expressive character. Some
of the most well know art sculptures that came from the Hellenistic period were: Laocoön and His
Sons, The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As Rodin's fame grew, he crafted and designed more statues like The Thinker (1902), The Kiss
(1889), and The Three Shades, all of which were part of The Gates of Hell. Similar to The Three
Graces, Rodin amplified the idea and feeling of strength, in The Three Shades, by multiplying the
existing figures and forms. Both sculptures embraced distinctive character and personal physicality
by focusing on key details of the model's disposition. The artists also excelled in sculpting realistic
and raw features by having their subject be undressed or nude. Hellenistic sculpture expanded the
range of subjects artists could represent, and had a great impact on modern art. Artists became more
technically skilled in illustrating facial expressions to convey a myriad of emotions, and accomplish
a loose effect. It was the freedom and creativity with which Rodin used these practices that not only
made him the acclaimed artist he was, but relate similarly to sculptures from the Hellenistic

Hellenistic Analysis
Alexander brought to the conquered land the Greeks, and with them the Greek culture. The people
of these lands had to adapt to the changing views and adopted the Greek language in order to better
understand each other. However, Hellenism was the blending of different cultures, like Egyptian,
Persian, Indian and the Greeks, that would bring diversity to these conquered lands.
A city becoming Hellenised meant that the locals had come into contact with the Greeks and
knowledge of the Greek culture, language and literature. In conjunction with philosophers, who
views of religion, was somewhat outside the normal views, meaning that they challenged the
significance of religious views, perhaps in an attempt to undermine these new religions.
Hellenic ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is not to say that they liked the Greeks in their lands. However, there were Jews who liked the
idea of the Greek culture, and adopted parts of the Greek culture into their own culture. The more
traditional Jews found the Greeks offensive, with men strutting around naked in the gyms for all to
see, and it was against the Jewish laws to be seen naked. Because of their nakedness the Jews could
also see that some men were uncircumcised, which was again offensive to the Jewish society for
they considered them as unclean and impure. Furthermore, the Greeks ability to make better deals
and profit also upset the Jews. Not only that, but they further disliked the fact that the Greeks
spilling swine blood for sacrifices to their Pagan Gods, especially when swine was taboo in the
Jewish culture. Another thing to consider too was that the more extreme Jews, did not like the idea
of their brethren taking on a more Hellenistic lifestyle, as they were scared that their God would
punish them for such an act. Eventually they rebelled against the Hellenistic way due to Antiochus
IV stealing from their sacred temple and forcing the Jewish people to make sacrifices to the Pagan
Gods. However, this is not to say that all opposed

The Differences Between Hellenic Or Classical Ages And The...
This paperwork examines how the differences amongst the Hellenic along with the Hellenistic ages
might appear in the artistic r cultural production of every era. The ideas presented in this article
bases its focus on the Ancient period such as Ancient Greeks. Besides, the report also focuses on
studying the impact that Hellenic had on other times like the medieval period, the Renaissance,
together with modern times in appearing in the cultural production of each era. The presentation has
the principal objective of examining the differences between the Hellenic or classical ages and the
Hellenistic ages (Cicarma, 2014). This paperwork focuses on how the differences in these two
generations influence daily lives of people in the society. Besides, the illustrations on this article
examine how the differences between the ages reflected in the literature, art, art philosophy of the
two periods. The paper shows how the shift from Hellenic together Hellenistic era represents the
changes from the civilization dominated by ethnic Greeks. It, however, illustrates that scattered
geographically to the culture are disseminated by natives and speakers of Greek of whatever
ethnicity and from the dominance of political issues in the city–state to that of larger monarchies
(Holladay, 2011). This presentation remains constrained in degree to Ancient culture between 510
BCE and 323 BCE, a period that alludes to as Classical Greece.
Introduction
Hellenic continues to refer to the individuals

The Contributions Of Pragmatism In The Hellenistic Period
It was only after Alexander's conquest of the Greek homeland that classical ideas were put under
pressure by a changing political climate and social disruption, eventually causing the expanding
Greek world to turn to pragmatism and realism. The ensuing Hellenistic period saw a move towards
practical applications of scientific knowledge and art styles reflecting the more complex emotions
familiar to Hellenistic Greeks. However, despite changing attitudes, the ingenuity and technical
proficiency of Greek individuals was generally undiminished. In mathematics, for example, Euclid
(365–300 BCE) wrote 13 groundbreaking books on geometry that continued to be used until the late
19th century and "virtually invented classical (Euclidean) geometry as we know it" (Mastin, pars.
3). Archimedes, a 3rd–century BCE mathematician from Syracuse, made significant practical
advances in the field of physics, inventing the compound pulley and the Archimedean screw; he
famously stated, "give me a fulcrum, and I'll shift the Earth," affirming his faith in applied science
(Cary, 349). Early biologists and naturalists of the Hellenistic period increasingly sought
applications in medicine, which vastly improved medical care (Cary, 351). Astronomy also saw
advances in practical knowledge from figures such as Eratosthenes, who calculated the
circumference of the Earth, and Hipparchus, who determined the length of the moon's orbit to
within one second (Violatti (a), pars. 9). Architecture, once held up

Hellenistic Period Timeline
The timeline above gives detail about certain events that occurred in Greece during this time period.
It starts out talking about the dark age. The Dark Age was a time that did not have any kings or tax
collectors. The streets were trashed and buildings were destroyed. After the rebuilding was the
Classical Period that had many cultural advances. The cultural advances included Philosophy,
Literature, and Art. This period was followed by the Hellenistic Period. The Hellenistic Period was
when Alexander the Great came to rule. He built an empire all the way from India to Greece. This
period ended when Roman troops invaded and conquered many territories. Periods and Eras were
not the only thing covered in the timeline. There were many wars that

The Between Classical And Classical Period And Hellenistic...
As the Hellenistic society shifted away from the Classical ideals of perfectionism and idolization of
the elites and gods in sculpture, artists began to be fixated on illustrating imperfection of a variety of
individuals faced with ruthless authenticity of their emotional struggles. Whereas, Classical
architecture focused on dedicating massive structures to the gods to emphasize their divinity, but
Hellenistic architecture used advanced technology to exemplify Alexander the Great's magnificence.
Thus, differences in architecture can be seen in the sophisticated town of Alexandria with structures
such as the lighthouse that show how Alexander the Great influenced town planning that was
centralized on the creation of a superior city, likewise, The Altar at Pergamon expresses the loss of
focus on the divine through unique sculptural techniques. Change can also be seen in the sculptures
of The Boxer and The Old Market Woman as they are depicted to be imperfectly individualistic and
in emotional distress.
Between the Classical period and Hellenistic period, sculptural style change occurred leading to
distinguishing features that showcase cultural values of the society. Carrie Tovar, Curator of Art in
the College of Public Service and Community Solutions at Arizona State University, discusses in
her article, Battered, But Unbeaten: A New Getty Acquisition, how artisans of the Hellenistic period
possessed the ability to display the subjects of their pieces with ruthless

Greece Boy With Thorn: The Hellenistic Period
How can we connect the new tastes in Hellenistic sculpture with changes in the everyday reality of
an average Greek?
With the rise of Alexander the Great and the empires of the Hellenistic period, the Greek world
dramatically changed. No longer did the average citizen's life play a role in the administration and
leadership of the state. This shift in the citizen's importance shines through the sculptures of the
Hellenistic period as other facets of the human experience began to dominate the minds of the
average Greek. The habitat of man was no longer the polis as Greece was dominated by the empires
of the Hellenistic period. Throughout this essay, I will go through different Greek sculptures and
discern how they represent a changed Greece ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This sculpture focuses on the life of a child and the problems associated with child–like behavior, an
aspect of life not commonly explored in Classical Greek sculpture. Curiosity is often associated
with children, and in both adults and children, curiosity is likely to get you into trouble. However, as
this statue shows, when your curiosity gets you a 'thorn' in your foot, the best thing to do is pluck it
out without fear as the boy's face does not express concern or distress demonstrating that the 'thorn'
is not a grave danger. The lack of seriousness in the problems the Greeks of the Hellenistic period
faced is captured in this sculpture. During Classical Greece, when the average citizen participated in
matters of state, therefore had to face serious issues, this sculpture would have never been created.
The average citizen would not be able to relate to the plight of a child, as their problems were far
graver, but again with the loss of political power, the Greeks gained levity to their lives. Further
exploring other avenues of the human experience, men's relationship with women is personified.
The statue of Aphrodite, Pan, and Eros is of a subject matter uncommon during the Classical period.
The Goddess is much more exposed, with only one hand being used to cover herself. Aphrodite
appears to be holding a sandal to smack away the Satyr, however, she does not show negative
emotions on her face. Eros appears between the two, grabbing the Satyr by the horns, just as lust
grips the mind. The expression of male lust towards women becomes a more important part of
Greek life as that portion of life becomes more significant. The Satyr type of man, as opposed to the
Olympic athlete, became a better representation of the average Greek as these 'men' chased after
women who were able to swat them away without much thought due to the fact that

The Hellenistic Era
"She was born with a bow in hand." They'd always say. As I would stride past them on cobblestone
pathways, my instrument case hefty on my arm, I could hear them muttering and mumbling to
themselves.
"They say she's the daughter of Apollo. I can see it in her face, look at the jawline!'
"She's so lucky to be the daughter of a god..."
"I hear her eyes look just like the sun's rays. They say she even has a tinge of orange in them!"
Oh, yes. They always talked. They gossiped just like housewives did, out on the streets and in the
wheat fields and in the apple orchards. That is why, whenever I walked down the wide cobblestone
path, the subject of their endless wishful desires, they never saw me. I always laughed when I
thought of how ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As the wind brushed the back of my dress, I turned around to overlook the waves of golden ocean,
pouring into the small town I called home. But, my eyes became fixed on the sun. It was so
wonderful, so beautiful as it rose out of its slumber in the mountains. I always felt the sun's warmth
on my cloudy white dress, and I loved how it always felt like my father's hugs.
"Um, hello? Will you stop staring at the sun already? You're going to burn your eyes right out of
your head, Diantha! The festival's going to be over by the time you get inside!" A snarky voice
snapped behind me.
"Oh, be patient, Byron. Your laurel will burn if you keep on overheating." I brushed her aside,
knowing all too well it made her angry.
"I will personally call your dad from the clouds to come stop you, Diantha! No, no no, actually, I'll
call your mom so maybe she can deflate that balloon you've got for a head!"
"Grr, could you tone it down a bit? I'm trying to get in an extra 3 minutes..' a muffled voice came
from my case.
"Oh, look at that! You woke Amilluxe. I can't even do that." I placed the silk case on the marble
floor, colored by the sun's reflection on the large stained glass mural at the back of the structure,

opening it up very carefully. In the bed of black wool, lay a white viola, with a white bow to match.
I grabbed the neck of the instrument

The Human Figure In Hellenistic Art
The human figure is something that artists have portrayed in sculpture for thousands of years. Each
culture and time period had different reasons behind the way they chose to depict humans. In
ancient Egypt, pharaohs were shown as idealized and emotionless, like gods. Yet in Hellenistic art,
people were depicted in dramatic scenes that showed them as very human and emotional. The way
humans have been depicted through sculpture and the reasons behind these canons have evolved and
changed over time.
The earliest examples of the human form in sculpture can be found in the Paleolithic era. While in
the Paleolithic era humans were rarely depicted in paintings, they were commonly depicted through
sculpture in small figurines. The majority of these ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Unlike artwork from previous cultures and periods, Hellenistic sculpture was filled with drama.
Many works seem chaotic due to the amount of movement and action happening in them. There
were also pieces that were, while not chaotic, filled with extreme emotion. This can be seen in the
sculpture "Dying Gaul", one piece of a larger group of sculptures (see fig. 7). A man is depicted in
what is most likely his last moment of life. He is a Gaul, the losers of a battle with the Greeks, and
yet, he is shown as human with strong emotions. His face is filled with the pain and sadness of
knowing that he is dying with a furrowed brow (see fig. 8). It is a strangely detailed and emotional
death to give to one's enemy. It shows a possible respect for their enemies and an understanding that
they are human and feel pain and have emotions as well. Much like previous Greek works of art, the
muscles are well defined and highly realistic. Yet, unlike "Riace Warriors" where the figures were
just standing in a relaxed and calm way, this figure is trying to hold himself up, and the realistic
muscles make it easy to see that this figure is using all of his strength to keep from collapsing.
While it could be considered overly dramatic, the way extreme emotion is used in this piece makes
the audience feel the pain and sorrow of the person in front of them even though he was the

Hellenistic Statue Analysis
A piece of art history from the Hellenistic Greek period now sits on its ship like throne in the
stairwell of the Louvre Museum in Paris. "Victory lands on a ship's prow to crown a naval victory.
Her wings still beat, and the wind sweeps her drapery. The statues's placement of splashing water
heightened the dramatic visual effect. (Kleiner)" The perfect description for the beauty and grace
this statue holds. Most of the statues during the Hellenistic time period interacted with the
environment and appeared as living, breathing, and almost entirely humanistic (Kleiner). From the
origin of this piece of work to the creation of it, this piece of art was meant to last a life time. This
paper will be analyzing and discussing the discovery and the details in the statue to help better
understand the beauty that it has held and will forever hold. ... Show more content on
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The statue was found on the Island of Samothrace in the Sanctuary of the Great Gods, in the
Provenance area north of the Aegean. "The colossal work was placed in a rock niche that had been
dug into a hill; it overlooked the theater of the Sanctuary of the Great Gods. This niche may also
have contained a pool filled with water in which the ship appeared to float. (Marie–Bénédicte)" This
extraordinary piece of art was discovered by Charles Champoiseau in 1863. "He was a keen amateur
archaeologist, and hoped to find some attractive relics for the imperial museum in Paris. (Hamiaux)"
But the statue did not always look like it dies today. There was a restoration done on it in the 1880's
to try and recreate what it would have looked like in it's former glory

How Did Alexander The Great Affect The Age Of The...
Imagine a world without splendorous leisure activities. The people of the Hellenistic Age most
certainly couldn't! The creation of their extravagant culture that focused on the enjoyment of life
and the understanding of human emotion is owed to Alexander the Great's conquest of Persia and
his decision to mix his native Greek culture with the cultures of the new lands he now owned in his
vast empire. This extremely intriguing age, which lasted for about 300 years, was responsible for
many of the ideas that are still upheld in today's culture, and the people of this time established
many important artistic and philosophical ideals that have lasted for thousands of years. The
Hellenistic Age began after the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BCE (atg timeline). His
conquest of Persia after the Battle of Gaugamela in 331 BCE technically spurred Hellenism, or the
spreading of Greek culture (adtp). Alexander the Great's empire of over seventy cities spread all the
way from the west of the Mediterranean to the east of Persia, and became a hotbed for the mixing of
cultures (thought co). People within this territory assimilated the Greek language, which then
allowed for the spread of other parts of Greek culture, like arts, philosophy, and literature (world of
atg). After conquering Persia, Alexander the Great began to introduce aspects of Greek culture
through his new empire in many different ways. He encouraged his soldiers to marry with Persian
women in order to

Hellenistic Period Essay
This paper will look at the political including economic, and cultural and social developments
during the Hellenistic period. I personally found that there are many positive developments; whereas
the least positive development I found were the multiple wars that ravaged the Hellenistic
civilization especially the Wars of the Successors (322 – 275 B.C.).
Many economic developments came about during the Hellenistic period, historians state that it was
second in terms of magnitude to the Commercial and Industrial Revolutions of the modern era.
Several important events led to these economic developments: firstly, the opening up of the vast
trade area from the Indus River to the Nile as a result of the Alexandrian conquests; secondly, the
price ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is a similar strategy China adapts today with their two currency system to ensure the
competitiveness of their products. This policy not only controls trade, but generates foreign currency
reserves and revenue for the government. Even in terms of art exaggerated realism, sensationalism,
and voluptuousness are seen in architecture today, especially in countries such as the Qatar, Saudi
Arabia, and the United Arab Emirates, with the Museum of Islamic Art, Burj Khalifa, Jeddah Tower
which all symbolize power and

Greek And Hellenistic Influence
This man was grandson of the painter, cayo pictor Fabio. He is one of the few Roman historians and
historians. Being the 1st representative of the old analytics. Intervened in the Gallic War dated in
225 BC. It was also after the Roman victory in Cannas dated in 216 BC, Roman ambassador in the
oracle of Delphi. Being a mission of great political conflict, this happened because he, acting in
favor of the Greeks in the battle against Carthage. His work as a historian meets the Greek or
Hellenistic tradition of the history of the polis, which he wrote in Greek. Leaving very little
information of this work, although it consists of seven books. We know that the first, it is about the
foundation of the city around 748 BC, thus resorting to the Trojan hero Aeneas, in order to unite
Greece with Rome as destinations. On the other hand, books II, III and IV; Ranging from the
foundation of the city until the 3rd century. And the rest of the books (V, VI and VII); They dealt
with contemporary facts. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Characterizing this literary work as a literary and political objective that gave way to the
establishment of the bases of the senatorial historiography, where resorted to the tradition of the
pontifical analyst with a high artistic level. It is believed that this work was later translated into
Latin. As a continuation of what had previously been said to Fabio Pictór: We do not know exactly
what they contained or at what date they were published, we only know what Cato left us as

The Hellenistic Age
Hellenistic age–32 BCE The greek people are so unaware of what is about to happen and it truly
heartbreaking that this is is the twilight of the hole greek civilization. Nevertheless this period is so
fascinating and interesting this is the Hellenistic Age. The Hellenistic age begun after the death of
Alexander the grate. Like I said earlier he left no new successor so this caused in fighting and the
empire was divided up against the wars generals they .There were three empires would form there
would dynasts from Alexander's empire; there was Antigonids in Macedonia and Greece, the
Seleucids in Perissa and the ptolemies in Egypt. The people did not go back to their way of life
because they were ruled by greeks and macedonians, so the local ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
This was hard on the Greek people more than the other people of the empires.They had be fixed in
their religious beliefs for centuries that they never thought that they might be wrong. When all of
these ideas poured into greece, it conflicted they're rugged religious beliefs is caused pandamonium
however the rulers of the three empires were able to calm them people down and things were stable
again. Out of all of the the places of the empires I thinks that the most important place must be
Alexandria in egypt and there grate library. There library reminds me so much of the philosophers
school in athens. There is so much new ideas and plans of inventions could change the world! I
thinks there could be more than 50,000 scrolls People like archimedes who made great inventions
like the archimedes screw which help people get more water. Or Eratosthenes how arcuately found
the world's crumufances. He did this by telling a friend to go 500 miles into africa and plant a post
next to a well where the the sun fits perfectly into the well. While his friend did that he planted one
in Alexandria. When his friend returned he'd said there was no shadow while at his however there
was a shadow at Eratosthenes the only way could happen Eratosthenes thought

Hellenistic Skepticism Analysis
This essay will be exploring the Hellenistic Philosophical movement of Skepticism in its beginnings
in academia as well as the teachings and positions of Pyrrhonist skeptics. Hellenistic skepticism at
its core is striving to "Suspended judgment", as well as question the basis of truth. In accordance to
this proverbial philosophical quest for truth, the Hellenistic skeptic would take a different path
compared to their contemporary schools of the thought, by negating perceptual belief, and not
affirming anything. To these ancient skeptics this will lead the philosopher down the path to
"Suspended Judgement" in which, they seek. This "Suspended Judgement" will bring tranquility to
the mind or at least these ancient Pyrrhonist skeptics believed this to be so, thus this being the key
reason why this is the central goal ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Arcesilaus core tenants of thought are as followed "(i) his dialectical method, (ii) discussion of
whether there is a criterion of truth, and (iii) his defense of the skeptic's ability to act."(SEP)
Arcesilaus often uses the same dialectical method that was originated with Socrates, however
Arcesilaus took the skeptical approach to this method with the goal to weed out "Dogmatic"
justifications and conclusions on reality. His criterion of truth, which often was in objection to the
stoic tradition, as well as most other Hellenistic schools of thought, besides of course the cynics.
However, the skeptic's approach to truth is that of trying to gain the most objective answer, often by
refuting arguments made earlier in order to see all sides of the question, thus having no true answer
but instead a multitude of ideas that the Hellenistic skeptic would is both true but also false.
Arcesilaus would also argue that there could not be a criterion of truth. Often arguing against the
stoic claim of "Cognitive impressions" for the skeptics. His main disagreement is if there is
impressions of this type. Due to

Similarities And Differences Between Ancient And...
There are subtle stylistic differences that occur in the Piombino Apollo that make it more advanced
than the archaic kouros, which lead many scholars to distinguish this statue as Hellenistic rather
than Archaic. The modelling of the back is one of the biggest alterations that occurs between actual
kouros from the archaic period and the Piombino Apollo. The back of the statue is much more
artistically advanced than the front regarding modelling (Ridgway 1967: 48). The subtle modelling
of the muscular structures and ridges of the spine of the back suggest the desired realism of the
Hellenistic era, instead of the basic and ridged 'idealized' form found in the archaic period (Ridgway
1967: 48). More subtle differences between a true archaic sculpture and a retrograded Hellenistic
sculpture are also present in this statue in other areas, such as the feet. On most kouros, the feet are
high arched, but on the Piombino Apollo, they are small and flat (Ridgway 1967: 49). Also the toes
are a discrepancy between the two eras. Usually "archaic statues have [the toes] aligned with the
central part of the other foot" (Ridgway 1967: 49) in a very geometric fashion. However, the toes on
the right foot of the Apollo do not align with the middle of the left foot, and instead align with the
left heel (Ridgway 1967: 49). As stated earlier, the hair is a defining feature in archaic kouros and it
is typically flat and in a bulky beaded shape to best attempt to represent the different

Similarities and Differences between the Hellenic and...
There are two main periods in Greece history, Hellenic and Hellenistic period. They have some
similarities but they are significantly different. Many people believe that the Classical era is the
most impressive due to the success in literature, science, philosophy and architecture, which does
not mean that the Ancient Greece is less significant. While in Hellenic era they saw rising and
falling of the polis in Hellenistic era it was more about war and fighting for among the prevailing
dynasties. The thing that they have in common is that they were consistent in discovering new
philosophies and science also decreasing the role of gods.
Culture
As we know the first period was Hellenic period which is most known for their polis, each polis had
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During the era before Classical Greece Sparta and Athena had different paths because Sparta had
two kings and an oligarchic government, while Athens had instituted democracy. Sparta treated men
to be warriors and women could have their own properties, while in Athena men were trained to be
public speakers and women had only several rights. Despite the differences they joined to a war
against Persia, and after that there was a Peloponnesian war between the two poleis, where Athena
lost, at the end, Sparta, Athena and Thebes each took turn on the dominant Greek power. One
interesting fact is also that the buildings that they built had a political purpose also to celebrate civil
power and pride.
The time of Hellenistic period is marked in two ways, when Alexander and his father lived and
when Alexander died. King Phillip developed amazing military skills and found the resources to pay
the troops. Some states did not want to self–defend and he found allies who wanted a new unity so
after the final battle Macedon ruled the Greece. After his death, Alexander came and expanded the
empire and promoted Hellenistic culture, so we can safely say that the Hellenistic politics is
centered on military

The Hellenistic Period: The Boxer At Rest
The Hellenistic period is a time where the greek influence expanded widely. During this period the
artwork became extremely naturalistic with a lot more expression with showing various emotions.
Many artists in this time period were no longer interested in showing the subjects as ideals of
beauty, instead they were now focused on representing the true character of that particular subject.
The embodiment of the subject's character, naturalism, and series of emotion is what made the
Hellenistic period have the most influence on the artwork in the modern world that we live in today.
The Hellenistic Period started in 323 BC with the death of Alexander the Great. When Alexander the
Great died he left behind an empire lacking a successor. Therefore it was up to the old commanders
to figure out what would happen to the kingdom next. The old commanders decided to divide the
kingdom amongst themselves. As a result of the divide they fought many different wars for the next
three decades called the Wars of the Diadochi. They did this in attempt to restore the broken
kingdom. The first of the Diadochi wars started when ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Boxer at Rest sculpture is believed to have been created within the periods of 330 to 50 BCE.
This is a Hellenistic Greek sculpture of a sitting boxer while he is still wearing his leather hand–
wrap. The boxer has many characteristics that are significant to the Hellenistic period such as curly
hair and a full beard. The Boxer at Rest shows how the work comes from a time where there is a
movement away from idealised depictions of the human body and youthfulness. The sculpture also
shows exploration of emotional themes with greater realism. The statue is made out of bronze
showing the boxer with a scarred and bruised face, broken nose, a mouth that suggests broken teeth
and cauliflower ears. In the Hellenistic period it was also very common for sculptures to be nude as
well as in the

Summary: The Hellenistic Period
The Hellenistic Period's Modern Benefits
When Alexander the Great died, and left his huge empire to his successors, he also left much change
in his wake. Alexander the Great(356 – 323 B.C.), a conqueror of much of the known world in his
time, left a powerful influence when he died. He started the Hellenistic Period, the era of Greek
culture. His fallen empire reigned on in the form of kingdoms, each practicing the Greek way of life.
His tremendous imprint in the East still affects us all today. The Hellenistic Period has positively
benefitted modern society by bringing ideas together from the East and West that very much
changed the way people thought and acted, and by bringing more positive views on democracy,
democratic–republics and the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
City–states were created after Alexander's empire fell, spelling the first waves of a democratic–
republic to spawn(Simonin). These city–states centralized power while giving the community a
chance to take part in the government itself, allowing for people to realize the importance of a
democracy and the involvement of the community as a whole, which people enjoyed so much that
the thought was recorded in the library of Alexandria, and was later used by the Romans.
Alexander's love of the Greek culture allowed its power to grow as well, "Their language and
culture spread far beyond the Greek homelands, and their influence lasted for centuries"(Burgan
13). Here is shown the power the Greek culture truly held over people. Most empires end being
forgotten, only leaving tales to tell in the ground, but people enjoyed so

What Is The Difference Between Classical And Hellenistic Art
When we look back at these two different periods of art sculpture we can see the great difference
between the two stylistic choices of art. Behind each hunk of stone reads perfect anatomy and
certain expressions. One features a more dazed stone face and one gives life for more emotion made
within the stone. The Classical Period and Hellenistic period also look somewhat similar from a
glance are very different in feeling and meaning. The Classical Period started around the 5th century
BC. This period is where artists attempt to capture the human body realistically and create realistic
poses. The most popular subjects were athletic males who are at their peak of their own fitness. It
was not until about 350 BC that there were statues featuring the female body. One very noteworthy
statue of the Classical Period was called "Aphrodite of Knidos". The original sculpture inspired
various amounts of copies, but sadly the original itself did not survive. "Aphrodite of Knidos" was
created by Praxitele and is thought to be the most famous sculptures of Classical Greece. The
sculpture depicts Aphrodite just have taken off her clothes and was about to step into the bath. She
may have had an onlooker and she covered her pelvis from their view. The Classical Period statues
were designed to be a bit more casual, depicting one leg being stretched forward as the other
supports the body and the head tilted to the side. If you look closer at most of the Classical statues
you can see the

Hellenistic Culture
Alexander the Great died and Hellenistic culture began. The Hellenistic time period was Greek–like
and embodied many of the traditional Greek values, while modernizing the Middle East. During the
Hellenistic Period, art, entertainment and athletics flourished. Many temples were built but the
customs were altered to become modern and enjoyable. Stadiums and Gymnasiums were also
fabricated, which induced a social aspect to the polis'. The agora, public alters, and libraries were
new and exciting additions to the Hellenistic Period which united the people and gave the people
more opportunities. These attractions began to pop up all over the Hellenistic world, whether the
Jews wanted it or not. Previously Judah was on the outskirts of other cultures, ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
One of Judaism's crucial values is circumcision which contradicts with the Hellenistic value that the
male body is perfect without any modifications. Because of that, Jews had to decide whether to
circumcise or participate in the sports in the public stadiums. Many anti–hellenistic Jews living in
Jerusalem believed that they should be speaking Hebrew or Aramaic and not Greek. With
Hellenism, the Greek language became more prevalent and the Bible even got translated into Greek
instead of Hebrew and was called the Septuagint. Hellenizing was overall controversial topic and
each side believed their beliefs were there only beliefs. Eventually Antiochus the Fourth begins to
rule, and he is a harsh ruler who does not accept the Anti–hellenistic Jews. He transforms all the
Jewish altars to Greek altars, which meant that only Greek sacrifices could be made. The Anti–
hellenistic Jews grew angrier and angrier, and eventually the Maccabean rebellion and the Civil War
began. The Hellenistic Jews and the Seleucids fought against the Maccabim/Hashmonaim. The
maccabim utilized gorilla warfare because they were a much smaller force, and that was the only
way they had a chance of winning the war. After two years, of brutal fighting the Seleucids give up
and say that Maccabim can have Jerusalem, but they will keep the rest. In

Hellenistic Funerary Iconography Essay
In this essay, we are going to discuss how the Hellenistic funerary iconography is different from the
Classical period. Due to the space limitation, we will only focus on grave stela and tomb funerary
monuments. The conclusion is that the stele's characteristics change considerably through the time,
and the pictures inside the funerary tombs evolve to have the typical features of the paintings from
the Hellenistic period. The period we will be looking at goes from the start of the Classical period,
in the 5th century BC, until the end of the Hellenistic period, the year 31 BC. We will see how the
characteristics of the stelae and the tombs changed, and how some characteristics remained quite
similar. It was decided to only work with those ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They were one of the best ways to remember the deceased by how he was. The relatives of the
person could build this object to show his qualities, social status and what he did in life. Due to the
great number of objects available sometimes can be difficult to see how they evolved through time,
however it is possible to see some patterns that happened in different places around the same period.
The stele have evolved throughout the years considerably. As the mind of the population changed,
the needs to represent certain aspects in the graves were also different. The first important change
we are going to look at is the size and shape of the stele. Starting in Asia Minor and Aegean Greece ,
the stele started to become smaller than the ones that we see in the Classical period. Both in the
Classic and Hellenistic period, the deceased are represented in the grave. One important difference
is that in the Hellenistic ones, the people are below a naiskos , which is a temple with columns at
both sides. This way the stele have both some characteristics from the Classic time and some
innovation. This was a very common practice during the Hellenistic period. Some have inscriptions
in the upper part of the grave and they often interact with the

Hellenistic Art
The Silk Road had established a long and interesting history with trade, that enabled many different
cultures to have connections. These connections have had an influence on clothing, architecture,
music, art and sculptures. After the conquest of Gandhara by Alexander the Great, the classical
world of Roman art influenced these region's taste with a new look for art and sculptures.
Alexander's expansion into northwest Pakistan changed the approach in creating Bodhisattva
sculptures, taking on the influence of the Hellenistic features. Furthermore, with the connections
between the Roman Empire and the Kushans being exploited commercially and artistically,
benefiting both establishments. The classical traditions of Roman dramatically changed ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Gandhara's sculptures range in many different shapes and size. These consist of Bodhisattva torsos,
heads, and even rock reliefs. In the earlier Kushan period, the head sculptures had traces of an
adorned look and feel to it but was still pretty simplified. They displayed the sculpture relatively flat
on the front and the back of the head with open eyes and the fleshy lips. A suggestion of braiding
around the forehead gives the sense of the Bodhisattva wearing a turban, and of course the heavy
spiral earrings. All these features appeared around the first century. The knowledge of Stanislaw J.
Czuma stated, "the sharp , angular details of the upper portion of this head relate it to sculptural
developments in the late second century, the lower half of the face with its pliant surfaces and ample
curves of the lips" (83). This is showing the changes in details and form that the Bodhisattva
sculptures are beginning to show as time goes into the next century. Then in 330 B.C., Alexander the
Great conquered northwest Pakistan with his indo–Greek kings who succeeded him, and brought in
the classical traditions to this region. The Bodhisattva sculptures can be seen with contrapossto,
naturalism, drapery, and curly hair are distinctive traits of the Hellenistic

The Figures Of The Human Figure In Hellenistic Art
The human figure is something that artists have portrayed in sculpture for thousands of years. Each
culture and time period had different reasons behind the way they chose to depict humans. In
ancient Egypt, pharaohs were shown as idealized and emotionless, like gods. Yet in Hellenistic art,
people were depicted in dramatic scenes that showed them as very human and emotional. The way
humans have been depicted through sculpture and the reasons behind these canons have evolved and
changed over time.
The earliest examples of the human form in sculpture can be found in the paleolithic era. While in
the Paleolithic era humans were rarely depicted in paintings, they were commonly depicted through
sculpture in small figurines. The majority of these figures were female, with very few males, and
over two–hundred have been classified as "Venus figurines." These figures were almost always
made with exaggerated breasts, stomach, and hips, which is unlikely to be how women looked
during this time. The proportions were symbolic and not meant to represent a real woman. This is
shown in the piece "Venus of Willendorf," a Paleolithic era sculpture. This figure is fairly small at
only four inches high, and it is unable to stand up on its own (see fig. 1). Like most sculptures
around this time period, it was made to be easily carried as the paleolithic people were nomadic
(Zygmont). Oddly, she has no carving on her face to indicate her facial features, such as eyes, a
nose, or a mouth, while

The Classical And Hellenistic Period
Greek sculpture is known for its beauty and attention to detail. Two of the most prominent eras in
Greek sculpture are the Classical and Hellenistic periods. The Classical period took place from 500–
323 BC. It is the period between Persian wars and ends with the death of Alexander the Great
(History). Classical sculptures are known for being less detailed more stagnant. The Hellenistic
period begins when the Classical period ends, in 323 BC. This period ends in 31 BC "with the
conquest of the last Hellenistic kingdom by Rome" (Simonin). Hellenistic sculptures are known for
being more realistic and active. Both periods of sculpture focused heavily on human anatomy, they
just differed in their approaches to illustrate the human body. ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
"Zeus gave Dionysus to Hermes to protect the baby from Zeus' wife, who was jealous" because
Zeus was unfaithful to his wife Hera with Dionysus's mother, Semele (Bergman). Hermes, the
messenger of the Greek gods, is sculpted leaning against what appears to be a tree covered in
draping. His right arm, that is broken, reaches upwards as if he is holding something. His left arm,
holds a small child, Dionysus, who reaches towards something that Hermes may have been holding.
Dionysus is the god of wine and fertility. The tree trunk alludes to symbolism of Dionysus as he is
also the god of "things that grow by leaps and bounds suddenly in spring" (Csapo 258). Dionysus
was also known for the chaos and parties that would erupt around him. Hermes appears to be
looking at Dionysus. They are both sculpted nude as many sculptures of this time were. Hermes's
body language suggests that he is very relaxed. The sculpture also appears to be unfinished and
features some "rasp and chisel marks [that] reveal a partial reworking of the back", as well as,
"Traces of red paint may indicate that Hermes' hair, lips, and sandals were gilded originally"
(Wilcox Classical Museum). The statue of Hermes and Dionysus laid a foundation for sculpture of
the later eras. Hellenistic sculpture became more varied in subject matter and style. This period of
time was "characterized by a strong sense of history" (Hemingway). This era is known for its
innovation, expansion

The History of the Greeks: Hellenic and Hellenistic
The History of the Greeks: Hellenic and Hellenistic The Hellenic Age and the Hellenistic Age are
the two main periods in Greek history. The Hellenic Age is significantly different from the
Hellenistic Age. The Hellenic period saw the rising and falling of the polis while Hellenistic period
was plagued by warfare among the remaining dynasties. Despite the differences between the
Hellenic and Hellenistic periods, the one thing that remained consistent in both periods was the
Greeks' ability to not only advance science and philosophy but to strive for excellence in everything
that they undertook including their ability to deemphasize the role of the gods in their lives. The first
period that shaped Greek history was the Hellenic (c.750–323 ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
While the Spartans were trained to be warriors and only warriors, the citizens of Athens were vastly
different. Athens was the largest polis in Greece. Its population was over five times as great as the
other small city–states. Athens stood out from Sparta as well as the other city–states not only
because of its immense population but also because it was the commercial leader of Greece and was
home to a great navy. The Athenians valued their political freedom and free thought. Like the
Spartans they too wanted to protect their state but unlike the Spartans, the Athenians strove for
excellence not only in being warriors but also in their everyday lives. Since the Spartans were only
concerned with being great warriors, the Athenians became the cultural center of Greece during the
Hellenic period. Athens original government was a monarchy ruled by one king, however, the king's
influence began to diminish with the changing times and soon Athens was under the rule of an
oligarchy. The oligarchy consisted of wealthy aristocrats who "...gradually became very wealthy,
particularly off of the cash crops of wine and olive oil, both of which require great wealth to get
started. As their wealth increased, the nobles slowly stripped the king of power until Athenian
government imperceptibly became an oligarchy." (Hooker) As the aristocrats grew in power and
wealth, they asserted their dominance over the peasants and lower class citizens. The wealthy

Hellenistic Misconceptions
SYNOPTIC COMPARISON OF THE TEXTS
Now that we have uncovered some of the significance of the location of the text both in relation to
the surrounding narratives, and geographically it is time to look at each of the accounts, and how
they compare to one another. The account of the miracle in Mark is the longest, and most detailed of
the three, and I will be exploring it first. Luke's account is very similar to Mark's, and in fact it is
believed that Luke used Mark as the sole source for his account of the story, and simply changed the
language possibly changing the meaning, and focus of the text for his Gospel , so I will look at his
narrative second. Finally Matthew is the shortest, and least detailed account of this narrative
containing some ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In verse 2, and 3 the word μνημείων is used meaning among the tombs . In verse 5 however a
different word is used. μνήμασιν meaning as it is translated simply tomb . Making note of this
distinction is important because if we look at the literal meaning of the translation of the word used
in verses 2, and 3 we get a clearer picture of the condition of the demon possessed man. The first
word that is used to describe the tomb emphasizes the fact that the man lived among the dead . I find
this linguistic point interesting because it is an instance where our English language is not adequate
to describe what the author was trying to convey in his text. When we look at the underlying
meaning of the two separate words, and gain a deeper understanding of the underlying meaning of
the first we get a more powerful picture of the circumstances that this demon possessed man was in.
Aside from living among the tombs the man also suffered in other ways due to his demon
possession. One example of this is 5:5 "Night and day among the tombs and on the mountain he was
always howling and bruising himself with stones." (NRSV) these two examples of the miserable
state of the mans life are an illustration of the power that evil can have over a person .
Understanding the extent of the power that the evil demon had over the man makes the illustration
of the power that Jesus has over the demon all the more

Changes In The Hellenistic Period
As a result of the Greeks spreading throughout many regions following Alexander the Great's
conquests, the Hellenistic period saw old ways of thinking replaced with new ideas that reflected
changes in society and the blending of diverse cultures that had now been exposed to one another.
As Greek language and lifestyle swept through Egypt and West Asia, and major cultural hubs like
Alexandria came to prominence, the Greek way of life had a profound effect on these distant lands,
just as their own exotic customs and histories similarly affected Greek thought and culture. This,
along with the changing political climate in these regions, led to a period of immense advancement
in philosophical and religious discourse that would forever change the course of history and pave
the way for the birth of Christianity. The three most significant catalysts for change in Hellenistic
religion were the exposure of diverse cultures to one another, the vast changes in political and
societal life during this period, and the shifts in philosophy and religious thought ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the Hellenistic period, philosophy became very popular and was often treated as a religion (Noble
104). By replacing a lot of mythological ideas with philosophical ones, people could become more
focused on their own pursuits of happiness and self–fulfillment and less concerned with the
ideologies of the gods. It makes sense that philosophies would become more individualistic at this
time, since the societies had dropped the concepts of democracy and the collective whole. Those
who still believed in gods often chose gods who were relevant to the contemporary issues of the
time. Classical Athenian religion upheld the standards of the democratic society but the religions in
the Hellenistic period addressed the new spiritual concerns that resulted from all of the rapid
changes to society (Noble

Hellenistic School
Hellenistic is the period beginning when the military campaigns of Alexander the Great conquered
territories were infused with Greek culture including philosophy, language, art, and religion. After
Alexander died, the Greek dynasties that were divided among his generals were soon conquered by
the Romans. They then adapted the Greek culture and spreading it among their Empire. While then,
Athens continue following Plato's, Aristotle's, and several new Hellenistic schools as a
philosophical. The new schools started out still continue to discuss the same issues of nature. Yet, it
was eventually added a therapeutic element, offering accounts for how to attain happiness. Each
Hellenistic school then started to develop their own idea of what it would take for mankind to
achieve eudaimonia, happiness. The concept they came to will include Epicureanism, Stoicism,
Skepticism, and Cynicism. Epicureanism came from Epicurean school and was founded by
Epicurus. He adapted the Atomistic views of Democritus saying that happiness will only achieve
through pleasure and it will be better to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The greatest happiness was to reach a state of mind where fear and pain are nonexistent and to have
certain pleasures. That will declare that the only good there is will be of pleasure. The absence of
pain will be the greatest pleasure and can advocates a simpler life. In the Epicurean view, the
highest pleasure which is the freedom from fear was obtained by friendship, living a virtuous life
and having knowledge. One of the examples he gave was "when eating, one should avoiding eating
too richly, for it could lead to dissatisfaction later on" because, in the realization of that, one could
not afford the same delicacies in the future. Epicurus categorized pleasure and pain into three main
criteria which are: intensity (strength of the feeling) duration (length of the feeling) and purity
(pleasure unaccompanied by

Hellenistic Influence On Greek Culture
The Hellenistic Age was the period of Greek Culture between the death of Alexander the Great in
323 BC to when the Roman Empire absorbed Greece and other parts of the Greek world around 31
BC or 27 BC. Before Alexander the Great conquered the Persian Empire, there was little influence
of Greek culture outside of the Greek world. After his conquest, aspects of the Greek culture was
found in Egypt, Asia as well as the Middle East. "The Hellenistic world incorporated a number of
different people, Greek thinking, mores, and way of life dominated the public affairs of the time."
(Ancient Greece.org–History of Greece: Hellenistic) This in turn established the Greek language as
the official language of the Hellenistic World due to the reason that all aspects of daily life including
art and literature incorporated a Greek style. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Alexander hoped the genius of Hellenism would be perpetuated here, a metropolis of culture to
benefit the entire world." (City of the western mind) After the death of Alexander, his "Hellenistic
empire" was fought over by his generals because Alexander left no obvious heir to his empire. This
empire was divided up into three Kingdoms after they finished fighting with each other as well as
mutual enemies, but that discord continued on through a few hundred years. "Egypt and parts of the
Middle East came under the rule of Ptolemy, Seleucus controlled Syria and the remnants of the
Persian Empire, while Macedonia, Thrace, and parts of northern Asia Minor came under the
hegemony of Antigonus and his son Demetrius." (Ancient Greece.org–History of Greece:
Hellenistic) Alexandria, Egypt was the most influential out of all the cities in the Hellenistic period
due to the reason that it was the center of trade and culture under Ptolemy. This is due to the Library
of Alexandria where scholars all over the world studied and created knowledge that lasted for

Hellenistic Culture Essay
Hellenistic Culture The time between the death of Alexander the Great and the rise of Roman
civilization is defined as the Hellenistic period. After the great expansion of Greece, the empire was
split into smaller kingdoms. Many battles were fought before establishing the kingdoms. However,
they lasted fairly long until they were conquered by the Romans. Hellenistic culture emphasized the
importance of the individual. This brought on the growth of art, literature, and philosophers. Along
with this, libraries were also formed. Greece began to have a more centralized power. Rather than
having segregated, democratic city–states or Alexander's empire, they developed different types of
kingdoms. Agriculture also experienced major improvements,

Hellenistic Religion

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Hellenistic Religion