1. Presented By Group #2
Mubeen Akhtar (19011502-004)
Isma Kanwal (19011502-024)
Anzla Noor (19011502-011)
2. Morphology
Morph=form or shape
ology=study of
The study of internal structure of words
How words are constructed out of smaller
units (morpheme)
-which have a meanings or grammatical
function e.g.
-friendly----constructed from friend &adjective
forming -ly
4. Morpheme
• A morpheme is the minimal unit of meaning.
• Example : un+system+atic+al+ly
• One morpheme desire ,lady ,water
• Two morpheme desirable
• Three morpheme desire +able+ity
• Four morpheme un+desire+able+ity
• More than four
• anti+dis +establish+ment+ari+an+ism
5. • Morphologists study:
-the meanings of various morphemes
-their patterns of distribution (the structure)
• Morphemes do not combine in arbitrary ways
-They have specific patterns to the distribution of
morphemes
e.g. rewrite = write re (cannot write like this)
Walks = s walk (cannot write like this)
6. Morph
• A morph is simply the phonetic representation
of a morpheme, how the morpheme is said.
• Morphs are portions of a word, such as
affixes.
• Morphs that are also whole words are called
free morphs.
• The different sounds that pronounce a morph
are its allomorphs.
7. Allomorph
• Example
• the word infamous is made up of three
morphs—in-, fam(e), -eous—each of which
represents one morpheme.
• Allomorph
• an allomorph is a variant phonetic form of a
morpheme, or, a unit of meaning that varies in
sound and spelling without changing the
meaning.
8. • An allomorph is a morph that has a unique
set of grammatical or lexical features. All
allomorphs with the same set of features
forms a morpheme. ...
• For example, "-en" is a second allomorph
that marks plural in nouns (irregular, in only
three known nouns: ox/ox+en, child/childr+
en, brother/brether+en).
9. Types of Morpheme
• Free Morpheme
• Bound Morpheme
Free Morpheme
are morpheme that can stand by themselves as a
single word.e.g eat,date,weak etc
Bound Morpheme
are morpheme that cannot stand alone e.g
-un,-er,-less,-ed
12. Affixes
• An affix is a bound morpheme that oocurs before
or after a base .
• Prefix
An affix that comes before a base .
examples:
prehistoric
unhealthy
disregard
16. Bound Morpheme
Derivational Inflectional
Form new words and it may Different forms
Change syntactic class . Same words, it
do not change
the syntactic structure
-able,un-,re-,etc.
-s,-ing,-ed/-en,-est,er