textile park project for architecture students

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CONTENTS
1.INTRODUCTION
2.SYNOPSIS
3.LITERATURESTUDY
4.DATA COLLECTION
5.CASE STUDIES: -
DESKTOP CASE STUDIES: -
1.ALEAP GREEN INDUSTRIALPARK@ NANDIGAMA,
HYDERABAD.
6.LIVE CASE STUDIES:-
1. METRO HI TECH TEXTILE PARK , KOLHAPUR
2. GUJRAT ECO TEXTILE PARK, SURAT
6.REQUIREMENTS
7.SITE ANALYSIS
8.PROPOSEDDESIGN

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I express my deep sense of gratitude and indebtedness to my esteemed
institute “PDA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
GULBARGA”whichhas provided me an opportunity to fulfil the most
cherished desired to my goal.
I would like to express my sense of gratitude to my beloved principal,
Dr.S.S. Awanti, for providing the right environment at this institution
that has made this entire task appreciable.
I am thankful to Ar. Venkat.M.Rao, professor and Head of the
Department of Architecture, for giving permission to carry out this
project in the college.
I wish to place my grateful thanks to my guide teachers Prof.Ar.V.B.
Mehta, Prof.Ar. Shashikala Mama, Prof.Ar.Vijaylaxmi.K.Biradar,
Ar.Basawaraj.Khanderao, without whose help and guidance it would
not have been possible to complete this project work.
I express my heartfelt thanks to staff members of my department, who
helped me in completion of my project.
I would also like to thank my family members for giving the support
and the encouragement to complete my project.
Lastly I would also like to thank my friends Varun Patil, Shrey
Malhar, Rohan Dandoti for supporting and encouraging me during the
project completion.
ANURAG.BAJAJ

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INTRODUCTION:
Indian textile industry has a legendary heritage for ages. it is one of the
leading industries; globally. though largely unorganized earlier, the
scenario changed radically during the post economic liberalization
during the 90s. opening up of the economy provided the industry with
much thrust making it successful. the industry enjoys inherent
advantages of resources, labor force, climatic conditions and many
more. despite all benefits appropriate infrastructure proves to be a
bottleneck for its growth and enhancement.
the Indian government, to provide world class infrastructure for textile
industries has come up with the scheme of integrated textile park (sitp).
earlier approved in July 2005, the proposed plan was to create textile
parks in potential growth centers. The parks would cover all segments
of the textile industry such as spinning, weaving, knitting, processing
and garmenting.
SYNOPSIS
AIM:
 As the central government has a new scheme of make in India in
which it is promoting textiles so this region can be part of make in
India.
 In Gulbarga region, cotton is more cultivated and there are more
ginning factories around the region, so by providing textile park
there can be rise in textile profile of our region.
 Promote and assist business and technicians within the sector.
 Encourage networking and generate working links between
members.

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OBJECTIVE:
 To access the current working condition of textile industry and
identify building typology is becoming health risk for the workers.
 To provide more comfortable zone for the workers within park by
providing green and open spaces
 To promote the business within the park by providing textile
museum, trade centers.
SCOPE OF THE PROJECT:
 This proposal will employee many unemployed people and provide
better living conditions.
 This will help to promote the export of country.
 This will help to give the proper platform for the artisans to
execute their talents.
METHODOLOGY:
1. Study and understand about textile park.
2. Literature study of textile in India
3. Data collection of project required.
4. Live case study of textile park
5. Site study and site analysis.
6. Preparation of concept
7. Preliminary design
8. Refinement of design
9. Final proposal

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HISTORY OF TEXTILE:
The history of textile is almost as old as that of human civilization and
as time moves on the history of textile has further enriched itself. In the
6th and 7th century BC, the oldest recorded indication of using fiber
comes with the invention of flax and wool fabric at the excavation of
Swiss lake inhabitants. IN India the culture of silk was introduced in
400AD, while spinning of cotton traces back to 3000BC. In China, the
discovery and consequent development of sericulture and spin silk
methods got initiated at 2640 BC while in Egypt the art of spinning
linen and weaving developed in 3400 BC.The discovery of machines
and their widespread application in processing natural fibers was a
direct outcome of the industrial revolution of the 18th and 19th
centuries. The discoveries of various synthetic fibers like nylon created
a wider market for textile products and gradually led to the invention of
new and improved sources of natural fiber.
Textile History of Various Countries:India
Indian textile enjoys a rich heritage and the origin of textiles in India
traces back to the Indus valley Civilization where people used
homespun cotton for weaving their clothes. Rigveda, the earliest of the
Veda contains the literary information about textiles and it refers to
weaving. Ramayana and Mahabharata, the eminent Indian epics depict
the existence of wide variety of fabrics in ancient India. These epics
refer both to rich and stylized garment worn by the aristocrats and
ordinary simple clothes worn by the common people. The contemporary
Indian textile not only reflects the splendid past but also cater to the
requirements of the modern times.

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HISTORY OF TEXTILES IN GULBARGA;
The MSK Mills, was established way back in 1884 as only a spinning
mill, and was later converted into a composite mill. The mill, started in
the private sector then, changed many hands before it stopped
production in the 1960s.
However, the then Government of Mysore took it over, but by 1968 the
mill had become sick with nearly 3,000 workers working in the mill,
and stopped production again.
Consequently in 1972, under the Sick Textile Undertaking Ordinance,
the Union Government took over the mill, and the National Textiles
Corporation was appointed the authorized controller of the mill, and
production started on again.
The mill again ceased production in 1997 as the management did no pay
the electricity bills. Consequently, the mill was completely closed last
year, and the National Textiles Corporation decided to sell the mill
along with the prime land it owned.
The Gulbarga Urban Development Authority (GUDA) has now bought
the mill land towards developing it into a layout, and commercial
complexes.

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NEED OF THE PROJECT;
the textile industry in India traditionally, after agriculture, is the only
industry that has generated huge employment for both skilled and
unskilled labour in textiles. the textile industry continues to be the
second largest employment generating sector in India. it offers direct
employment to over 35 million in the country.
also to promote the scheme of central govt “make in India” this textile
park plays a vital role.This project will also help to generate more
revenue for our state.
WHY, WHEN &WHERE?
Why: To promote hand block printing and provide job opportunities.
When: 24 July 2013
Where: Bangru near Jaipur, Rajasthan.
First textile park dedicated to hand block printing and craft. The textile
park would bring in new opportunities for exporters and artisans, as the
textile sector holds vast potential of employment. The park has been
named Jaipur integrated texcraft park Pvt ltd.

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DESKTOP CASE STUDY;
ALEAP GREEN INDUSTRIALPARK@ NANDIGAMA, HYDERABAD
SI SITE– SITE– LOCATION &
CONTEXTLOCATION&
CONTEXTTE – LOCATION &
CONTEXT

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METRO HI TECH TEXTILE PARK @ KOLHAPUR
INTRODUCTION:
Metro Hi-Tech Co-Operative Textile Park is being developed by a group of local textile
entrepreneurs. The park is having 101 units comprising of Spinning, Weaving
Preparatory, Weaving, Knitting, Yarn Dyeing, and Knits/Woven Fabric Processing
with Apparel Unit and Garment Processing facilities.
LOCATION MAP :
LOCATION : KAGAL, HATKANANGALE, 5 STAR MIDC,
ICHALAKARNJI,KOLHAPUR.
LANDMARK: RAYMOND CIRCLE, KAGAL MIDC. 1.3 KM AWAY.
FROM RAILWAY STATION ; 19.9KMS
FROM BUS STAND : 19 KMS
SITE ANALYSIS:
TOPOGRAPHY:THE SITE IS SLOPING TOWARDS SOUTH.
WATER : M.I.D.C HAS DEVELOPED A WATER SUPPLY SCHEME TO
CATER 20.5MILLION PER DAY IS SOURCED FROM DUDHGANGA RIVER 9KM
AWAY FROMTHE PARK.
ELECTRICITY : ELECTRIC SUPPLY FOR TEXTILE PARK IS ABOUT 33KV.
TEMPERATURE: THE TEMP HAS A RELATIVELY NARROW RANGE 10 DEGREE
CELCIUS TO 35 DEGREE CELCIUS.

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RAINFALL : THIS ZONE RECEIVES IRREGULAR AND UNCERTAIN RAINFALL.
WIND DIRECTION : THE WIND DIRECTION IS FROMSOUTH-WEST.
AREA ANALYSIS:
TOTAL AREA : 285744 ( 70 ACRES)
INDUSTRIAL PLOT ( 63.70%) : 182018sqm
COMMON AMENITY (5.5%) : 15715sqm
OPEN SPACE (8.8%) ; 25145sqm
ROADS (22%) : 62863sqm
ZONING:
THERE ARE 4 ZONES IN THE MASTER PLAN:
SPINNING
WEAVING
GARMENTING
PROCESSING
WHY ???
THE TEXTILE PARK IS PLANNED IN SUCH A WAY THAT IT PROMOTES BOTH
SMALL AND BIG ENTREPREUNERS. THE PARK IS ALSO PLANNED BY
FOLLOWING THE LAND USE PATTERN.
THE PARK IS ALSO ZONED WITH SPINNING, WEAVING, PROCESSING.

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PLOT PLANNING AND ORIENTATION:
• THE AREA REQUIRED PER PLOT WAS DERIVED ON THE
REQUIREMENT OF ENTREPREUNER.

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• ALSO STANDARD PLOT AREA WERE DERIVED FOR SMALL
ENTREPREUNER.
• PLOTS WERE ORIENTATED IN ALL FOUR DIRECTIONS OF SITE.
PLAN OF A BUILDING:
AREA : 682SQM
ACTIVITY : WEAVING.HUMIDITY MAINTAINED : 60%-70%
VIEW OF BUILDING LOADING/UNLOADING BAY

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ROAD WIDTHS:
• The main entrance road is of 25 m (2+2 motorized vehicle lane, median,
street lights with underground utilities)
• The primary roads are of 20m (2+2 motorized vehicle lane, street lights at
either sides with underground utilities)
• The secondary roads are of 15m width (1+1 motorized vehicle lane, street
lights at either sides with underground utilities)
• Roadside trees were planted to enhance the micro climatic aspects.
• Safe and convenient parking has been planned for common amenity area.
permeable pavement, landscaping and trees have given in the parking.
• Truck parking: no separate area is provided for long halt trucks. The long
halt followed the concept of on street parking.
• Employee parking: the employee is done within the plot of respective
building.
• Signage: there were no sign boards in the park which leaded to confusion.
PARKING PROVISION :
• Safe and convenient parking has been planned for common
amenity area. Permeable pavement, landscaping and trees have
given in the parking.

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• Truck parking: no separate area is provided for long halt trucks.
The long halt followed the concept of on street parking.
• Employee parking: the employee is done within the plot of
respective building.
• Signage: there were no sign boards in the park which leaded to
confusion.
LOGISTIC FACILITIES:
• Warehouse / raw material depot; A warehouse is been provided in
the master plan. The area of warehouse is about 3000sqm.
• Weighbridge: There is a provision of weighbridge given in the
textile park, but not yet erected.

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ENTRY / EXIT PROVISION :
• The main entry to textile park is being regulatory, safety, &
monitoring
• The entry gate has a security room.
• Separate gate with movement tracks for entry and exit.

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PLANNING OF LAYOUT:
• The overall planning was in grid iron pattern.
• The STP plant was provided at the lowest surface of the site so that the
water from all over the site could gather easily under the gravitational
force.
• Open spaces were provided at every interval to maintain the balance with
the buildings
• The roads had trees along its way to enhance the micro climatic conditions.
• The layout is planned in such a way that there is easy connectivity within
the park
• No service road was provided.
PROCESSING HOUSE AT TEXTILE PARK,
KOLHAPUR
TOTAL SITE AREA: 5456SQM
NO OF WORKERS : 30
SITE INCLUDES : EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLANT
BOILER AREA
DYEING UNIT
SECURITY ROOM
V

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PLANNING:

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• THE BOILER AREA WAS PROVIDED AT THE REAR SIDE OF
THE SITE AS IT IS VERY HAZARDOUS
• THE TRUCK IS DIRECTLY ENTERED IN THE BUILDING
THROUGH RAMP FOR LOADING AND UNLOADING.
• THE BUILDING HAS A ETP PLANT WHICH PROCESS THE
CHEMICAL WATER USED FOR DYEING.
• AT THE FIRST FLOOR IS THE ROOMS FOR THE WORKERS.
BUT NO SEPRATE REST ROOMS ARE PROVIDED FOR
WORKERS.

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GUJRAT ECO TEXTILE PARK, SURAT
The Gujarat Eco Textile Park is a one-of-a-kind project initiated by
GEPIL for textile industries in and around Surat with the interests of
both the government , and industries and environment policies in mind.
It offers great advantage for the fabric and textile industry with its
integrated infrastructure providing them the edge over others for
Production/Manufacturing. Gujarat Eco Textile Park is supported under
Scheme of Integrated Textile Park by Ministry of Textiles–Government
of India under S.I.T.P scheme.
LOCATION MAP;
the gujrat eco textile park is located in charan , nh48, palsana, gujrat
landmark ; palsana chaukdi 2km
distance from railway station ; 26km
distance from bus stand : 25km

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SITE ANALYSIS:
TOPOGRAPHY:THE SITE IS SLOPINGTOWARDS NORTH.
WATER : EVERY PLOT HAS THEIR OWN GROUND WATER SOURCE ANDSOME INDUSTRIES
ALSO HIER WATER TANKS.
ELECTRICITY : ECO FRIENDLY APPROCH NEARSURAT WITH 8.5MV GAS BASED POWER PLANT.
TEMPERATURE: THE TEMP HAS A RELATIVELY NARROW RANGE 15 DEGREE CELCIUS TO 37
DEGREE CELCIUS.
RAINFALL : The RAINFALL IS ABOUT 1200MM BY THE END OF SEPTEMBER.
WIND DIRECTION :THE WIND DIRECTION IS FROM NORTH EAST.
WHY ???
The Gujarat Eco Textile Park is is one of the first eco-textile parks in India with
specific focus on environmental issues. The Park provides excellent
infrastructure and facilities to enable the industry in reducing the input costs and
meeting the regulatory and trade related compliances with respect to quality ,
environment and social standards thereby improving their competitiveness to
achieve rapid progress in every activity of their business.
AREA ANALYSIS:
TOTAL AREA : 323748SQM ( 80 ACRES)
INDUSTRIAL PLOT ( 67.05%) : 217073SQM
COMMON AMENITY (5.5%) : 17806SQM
OPEN SPACE (8.8%) ; 32407SQM
ROADS (17.88%) : 57886SQM

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PLANNING AND ITS ANALYSIS:
• THE PLOTS WERE PLANNED AS PER THE THE DEMANDS OF
ENTREPREUNRES.
• OPEN SPACES ARE REGULATORY MAINTAINED TO OBTAIN THE
DENSITY RATIO.
• THE PARK IS FREE FROM ANY TYPE OF NUISANCE BECAUSE OF
CONTROL ON ALL TYPES OF POLLUTION.
• THE CENTRE OF ECCELLENCE BUILDING IS PROVIDED AT THE
ENTRANCE HENCE EAISLY ACCESSIBLE.
• STANDARD ROAD WIDTH PATTERN IS FOLLOWED FOR ROADS.
• WORKERS HOSTEL BUILDING IS PROVIDED FOR THE STAY OF
WORKERS.
• THE ECO CONCEPT OF EVERY ASPECT OF THE INDUSTRY HAS
BEEN ADDRESSED IN THE TOTAL DESIGN OF CLUSTER LIKE
RAINWATER HARVESTING, AT PARK AND INDIVIDUAL UNITS
VIEW OF GARDENAT THE ENTRANCE

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LEVEL, WATER SUPPLY & STORM WATER DRAINAGE SYSTEM,
USE OF FLY ASH IN CONSTRUCTIONOF ROADS & BUILDINGS.
• THEY DEVELOPED GREEN BELT WITH MORE THAN 25000
PLANTS SPREAD ACROSS PARK.
COE
the centre of excellence will have world class infrastructural facilities like
exhibition and seminar halls , meeting and conference rooms , physical and
chemical labs , cad labs , design studios, knowledge and resource centre ,
banks , canteens and restaurants , fuel stations etc.
the centre of excellence is aimed at providing all necessary support to
industries in india and around surat, apart from those existing in gujarat
eco-textile park in the areas of —
man power training at all levels
product development
product promotion
testing and technical services
r&d in textiles
facilitation for various other needs by linking with service providers
entrepreneurship development
product identification and investment guidance
formation of knowledge centre and information dissemination
CAPTIVE POWER PLANT (CPO)
the gujarat eco textile park has planned a captive power plant for power
generation based on natural gas. 4 generators of 3 mw capacity each are

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being installed to meet the power demand in the park, which is estimated at
15.81 mw, including waste heat recovery boilers.
Common Effluent Treatment Plant (CETP)
To assist industries at the Gujarat Eco textile park and to ensure effective
management of waste water generated during the industrial processes an
effective waste water system such as the Common Effluent Treatment
Plant(CETP) has been developed to handle 60 MLD of waste water
disposal expandable to 100 MLD.
The Common Effluent Treatment Plant is a part of the Environmental
Infrastructure of GETP. This centralized facilities of the park, shall be
meeting all statutory norms laid by Gujarat Pollution Control Board. It is
state of art technology based on Sequential Batch Reactor System. It is
environmentally sustainable and cost viable system for the collection,
treatment and ultimate discharge of effluent from the wastewater generating
units
Incinerator
The incineration is a widely used and internationally proven treatment
technology for the disposal of toxic organic hazardous wastes like Tarry
residue, Distillation residue, Off specification pharmaceutical products,
Agrochemical Waste, Used / waste oils and Oily residues.
An Incinerator plant with a waste heat recovery system is being set up at
the Gujarat Eco Textile Park. The Incinerator would have a capacity to burn
8500 to 9000 TPA of wastes. Incinerator System with a capacity of 6
million kcal/hour is being set up for this. The plant will be equipped with
pretreatment facility and automated control system. Design and operation
of the plant will be as per the guidelines of Central Pollution Control Board.

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ROAD WIDTHS:
the main entrance road is of 25 m ( 2+2 motorised vehicle lane, median,
street lights with underground utilities)
the primary roads are of 20m (( 2+2 motorised vehicle lane, street lights at
either sides with undergroud utilities)
the secondary roads are of 15m width ( 1+1 motorised vehicle lane, street
lights at either sides with underground utilities)
roadside trees were planted to enhance the micro climatic aspects.

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SITE STUDY :
LOCATION

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SITE LOCATION:
 The is situated at kiadb nandoor industrial area Gulbarga. the site is
at the south east part of the industrial area. the site has two side
roads that is at its north and east side of the site running parallelly.
 distance from railway station : 8kms
 distance from bus stand : 10.8kms
 the approach to the site is through the bus stop in kiadb passing on
sh51 or it can be by vehicle.
 landmark : Shetty institute of technology 1.2 km away.
SITE ANALYSIS:
 total site area: 50 acres.
 topography: the site was sloping from both north and south side
and formed a lower surface at the center of the site.
 soil condition: black cotton soil.
 water source : the water source is ground water.
 electricity : the KPTCL region provides electricity to the complete
KIADB,
 vegetation: there are shrubs on the site.
 wind direction :in monsoon the winds are from south-west and
north-west.
 in summer season wind from directions between west and north are
predominant.
 in cold season wind direction is from north east and south east.
GEOGRAPHY CONDITION OF GULBARGA:
Gulbarga is situated in Deccan Plateau located at 17.33°N 76.83°E[6] and the general
elevation ranges from 300 to 750 meters above mean sea level. Two main rivers, Krishna
and Bhima, flow in the district. Black soil is predominant soil type in the district. The district
has a large number of tanks which, in addition to the rivers, irrigate the land. The Upper
Krishna Project is major irrigation venture in the district. Bajra, toor, sugarcane, groundnut,

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sunflower, sesame, castor bean, black gram, jowar, wheat, cotton, ragi, Bengal gram, and
linseed are grown in this district.[7]
The weather in Gulbarga consists of 3 main seasons. The summer which spans from late
February to mid June. It is followed by the south west monsoonwhich spans from the late
June to late September heavy rainfall may go up to 750mm. It is then followed by dry winter
weather until mid January. Barring the hot summer months, the salubrious weather of
Gulbarga makes a visit to this historical city a pleasant one.
Temperatures during the different seasons are:
Summer : 38 to 44 °C
Monsoon:27 to 37 °C
Winter : 11 to 26 °C

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ISSUE: FIRE SAFETY
INTRODUCTION:
Civic and public safety facilities are community icons--buildings
that promise security and care through any crisis.
Fire hazards and occurrence of fire accidents cause danger to life and
property.
So, it is planner’s role to locate fire stations in such a way that if fire
hazard occurs, fire brigade can reach easily& in effective time.
Fire safety of building means fire resistance of building in terms of
hours when subjected to fire of known intensity.
The Fire Service Week (FSW) is observed nation-wide under the
guidance of the Fire Adviser, Ministry of Home Affairs, Govt. of India
during April 14 – 20.
The Campaign provides a unique opportunity to enhance fire safety
awareness and mobilize action amongst employees, their families and
the public.
OBJECTIVES OF FIRE SERVICES:
Fire prevention and reduction in number of fire outbreaks.
To prevent spread of fire, both internallyand externally
Safe exit of all occupants, in the event of an outbreakof
fire.
CLASSES OF FIRE:
Class A:Ordinary combustibles or fibrous material, such as
wood, paper, cloth, rubber, and some plastics.

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Class B: Flammableor combustibleliquidssuch as
gasoline, kerosene, paint, paintthinners and
propane.
Class C:Energized electrical equipment,such as
appliances,switches, panel boxes and power tools.
Class D:Certain combustiblemetals, such as
magnesium, titanium,potassium, and sodium.
COMPONENTS:
• Fire protection in land-based buildings, offshore construction
or onboard ships is typically achieved via all of the following:
• Passive fire protection - the installation offirewalls and fire
rated floor assemblies to form fire compartments intended to
limit the spread of fire, high temperatures, and smoke.
• Active fire protection- manual and automatic detection and
suppression of Fires, such as fire sprinkler systems and(fire
alarm) systems.
• Passive Fire Protection (PFP) is an integral component of the
three components of structural fire protection and fire safety in a
building.PFP attempts to contain fires or slow the spread, through
use of fire-resistant walls, floors, and doors (amongst other
examples).
• The aim for Passive Fire Protection systems is typically
demonstrated in fire testing the abilityto maintainthe item or the
side to be protected at or below either 140 °C (for walls, floors
and electrical circuits required to have a fire-resistancerating) or
ca. 550 °C, which is considered the critical temperature for

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structural steel, above which it is in jeopardyof losing its strength,
leadingto collapse.Smaller components, such as fire dampers,
fire doors, etc., follow suit in the main intentionsof the basic
standard for wallsand floors. Fire testing involves live fire
exposures upwards of 1100 °C, depending on the fire-resistance
rating and durationone is after. More items than just fire
exposures are typicallyrequired to be tested to ensure the
survivabilityof the system under realistic conditions.
• To accomplish these aims, many different types of materials are
employed in the design and construction of systems.
PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION:
• fire-resistance rated walls
• firewalls not only have a rating, they are also designed to sub-
dividebuildingssuch that if collapseoccurs on one side, this will
not affect the other side. They can also be used to eliminate the
need for sprinklers, as a trade-off.
• fire-resistant glass using multi-layerintumescent technology or
wire mesh embedded within the glass may be used in the
fabricationof fire-resistance rated windows in walls or fire doors.
• fire-resistance rated floors.

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ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION:
Active Fire Protection (AFP) is an integral part of fire protection.
AFP is characterized by items and/or systems, which require a
certain amount of motion and response in order to work, contrary
to passive fire protection.
FIRE SUPPRESSION:
• Fire can be controlled or extinguished, either manually
(firefighting) or automatically. Manual includes the use of a fire
extinguisher or a Standpipe system. Automatic means can include a
fire sprinkler system, a gaseous clean agent, or firefighting foam
system. Automatic suppression systems would usually be found in
large commercial kitchens or other high-risk areas.
REQUIREMENTOF WATER:
• The quantity of water required for fire extinction depends
upon the magnitude of fire and duration taken to extinguish it.
The use of non-potable water should be avoided for the fear of
cross connection and subsequent health hazards.
• The size of main ring, dry riser and wet riser, for fire
fighting within a building, is designed keeping in mind that

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a distant hydrant will discharge about 1000 litres per minutes
at 3.5 kg/sq.cm pressure. And at any given time at least two
hydrants are in operation.
STORAGE OF WATER:
• A sufficient Quality of water for the purpose of fire fighting of
the building must be made available in an underground tank
within the premises. Tank capacity may be taken as 30 min water
supply at 1000 liters per minutes. The water tank and cover
should be designed to take load of 18 tones vehicular load if flush
below ground level.
SYSTEMS OF FIRE FIGHTING:
• It may be broadly classified as external (City) and Internal
( Building) fire fighting System
• External Fire fighting System
• Fire hydrant are generally located at a distance apart of about
90 m to 120 m in inhabitant area and about 300 m in an open
area. One fire hydrant for every 4000 to 10000 sqm area is
normally provided.
• Hydrants are generally provided at street crossings, water
demands of one litre per head per day are considered for fire
hydrants. Fire hydrants are of two types pillar or post hydrant and
sunk or flush hydrants.

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PILLAR OR POST HYDRANT:
• These hydrants remain standing above ground like a post by
about 0.9 m to 1.2 m and connected to a water main
underground. It consists of a sluice valve, a duck foot bend, a 65
mm dia post one, two or three outlets. These outlets are spaced
around the periphery of the hydrant barrel, so that it can serve more
number of fire tenders at a time, they are painted red in color,
flushed once in every six months and kept in working condition.
Internal Fire Fighting System: ((Industrial Fire Fighting
System)
• High velocity Water Spray
• Medium Velocity fire spray
• Foam
• Dry chemical Powder
• Carbon dioxide
• Alarm Gong
• Portable fire extinguisher
• Fire alarm System

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Portable fire extinguishing Equipment:
-These devices are used for extinguishing fire as soon- as it starts.
-They are not so useful when once the fire has spread.
The discharge from a portable fire extinguisher lasts only for a short
duration of 20 to 120 seconds.
FIRE SAND BUCKET
A fire sand bucket or fire bucket is a steel bucket filled
withstand which is used to put out fires.
They are placed in prominent positions in rooms or
corridors. They are a low-technology method of fighting
small fires. The main advantages of fire buckets are that they
are cheap, reliable and easy to use.
Automatic Sprinkler System
 This arrangement is adopted for Commercial &industrial
buildings.
 The system consists of a net work of 20 mm dia. Fixed to the
ceiling of the room spaced at 3 m center to center.
 Heat actuated sprinkler heads are fixed to these pipes. The pipes
get supply from a header. Each sprinkler head is provided with a
fusible plug.

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 In the event of fire, the fusible plug in the sprinkler nearest to
the wire melts due to rise of temperature, and water gushes out
of the sprinkler head. The fire is thus brought under control in a
short period.
FIRE HOSE SYSTEM:
• This system involves the installation of vertical riser pipe
with hose connections at strategic points throughout the
building. The standpipe or riser ca-n be kept filled with water is
know as wet riser system otherwise it is known as dry riser
system
• The main features of these systems includes:
• Hose & Automatic Sprinkler System
• The courtyard of the building should have at least two fire
hydrant.
• The pumps will have a RPM not exceeding 2000
• These hydrants are connected to an overhead/ storage tank
for fire fighting purpose with a booster pump, and a non-
return valve near the tank and a fire pump, gate & non-
return valve over the underground storage tanks.
• The facility to boost water pressure in the riser directly from
the mobile pump should also be provided to the wet riser
system.

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WET RISER SYSTEM :
 These system is adopted in high rise Buildings as well as Public
buildings such as Cinemas, malls,Multiplexes etc. The system
consist of providing 100 to 150 mm dia. vertical G.I.Pipes
(Risers) at suitable locations in the buildings. A fire pump is
used to feed water from underground fire fighting water tank to
these pipes, to ensure a pressure of 3 kg/cm2. at upper most
outlet.
 The fire fighting tank of 75,000 liters to 1 lakh liters are
provided.
INDUSTRIALFIRE FIGHTING SYSTEMS:
• The industrial area constitute variety of combinations of men
and material and processes. Therefore, it is necessary to take
additional measures for the industries. The capacity for water
storage tank for fire fighting of an industrial building is
worked out at a rate of 2.5 lit/sqm. Of lattable floor area
subjected to minimum of 2,25000 litres. A set of two pumps
must be installed to discharged 2275 litres per min at a
pressure of 3.5 kg/cm2 at a desired floor.
• It must be noted that the requirement of water supply, pumping
capacity and other measures and other features of hydrant
systems depends on the size of the risk and its fire growth.

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Smoke Detectors
 Smoke detector is a device that detects smoke, typically as an
indicator of fire.
 Commercial, industrial, and mass residential devices issue a signal
to a fire alarm system, while household detectors, known as smoke
alarms, generally issue a local audible and/or visual alarm from the
detector itself.

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DATA COLLECTION:

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ALEAP GREEN INDUSTRIAL PARK @ NANDIGAMA,
HYDERABAD
SITE – LOCATION & CONTEXT:
•THE SITE IS LOCATED TO WESTERN PART OF HYDERABAD.
•LOCATED IN NANDIGAMA VILLAGE AROUND 8 KMS FROM
PATANCHERU.

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DESIGN CONCPTS – GREEN BUILDINGS
sun path study & climate analysis
 To ensure the proper orientation of the clusters & minimum sun
exposure on building surfaces
 Usage of sky lights with high reflective glass to receive light &
reduce heat transmission.
DESIGN CONCPTS – SAFETY & SECURITY
MEASURES
 Fire hydrants at all common areas
 Fire alarm stems @ relevant locations
 CCCTV cameras with common observation unit

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3d view of factory buildi

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A divided driveway is desirable in the following situations:
There are a total of four or more entering and exiting lanes.
A large number of pedestrians (30 or more in a one-hour
interval) routinely cross the driveway.

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Locating signing and lighting within a divider may assist
approaching drivers in determining the driveway’s location
and geometrics.
An excessively wide divider may confuse drivers and
cause them to think there are two closely spaced, two-way
driveways. To avoid this problem, the recommended
maximum width of a divider is 15 feet [4.5 m]. On the
other hand, a divider that is too small may not be
adequately visible to the motorist. Therefore the
recommended minimum width of a slightly raised divider
(height > 4 inches) is 4 feet [1.2 m].