introduction to biomaterials

1. Lesson 1
Introduction to
Biomedical Materials
Исследовательская школа химических и биомедицинских технологий
Antonio Di Martino
dimartino@tpu.ru

2. OUTLINE
Biomaterials - Introduction
Properties
Classification
Applications
Tasks

3. Biomaterials definition
Any substance (other than drugs) or combination of substances synthetic, semi-synthetic or natural
which can be used for any period of time, as a whole or as a part of a system which treats, augments,
or replaces any tissues, organ, or function of the body
ATTENTION!!!! A biomaterial is DIFFERENT from a biological material, such as bone, that is
produced by a BIOLOGICAL SYSTEM
The study of biomaterials is called biomaterials science or biomaterials engineering.
Biomaterials science encompasses elements of medicine, biology, chemistry, tissue engineering and
materials science

4. Biocompatible
• Able to perform within appropriate host response without having toxic or injurious effects on biological
system
Adequate mechanical performance
• Has appropriate mechanical performance suitable for its application
Application design
• Structure design and selection of materials are compatible with its area of application
Repeatable fabrication
• Relatively inexpensive, reproducible, easy to fabricate and process for large-scale production
Biomaterials properties

5. Biomaterials in Humans

6. Metals:
– Strong, ductile
– High thermal & electrical conductivity
– Opaque, reflective
Polymers/plastics: Covalent bonding  sharing of e’s
– Soft, ductile, low strength, low density
– Thermal & electrical insulators
– Optically translucent or transparent
Ceramics: compounds of metallic & non-metallic elements
(oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides)
– Brittle, glassy, elastic
– Non-conducting (insulators)
Biomaterials Classification

7. Composite
Ceramic
Metal Polymer
Composite : Combination of two materials with
different physical and chemical properties that
will produces different properties from its
original parent.
Metal + Polymer
Metal + Ceramic
Polymer + Ceramic
Polymer + Polymer
Ceramic + Ceramic
but
Metal + Metal Commonly known as Alloy
Biomaterials - Classification

8. Skeletal System - Implants
http://www.coringroup.com/patientcaregivers/your_knee
http://www.raps.org/Regulatory-Focus/News/2016/02/17/24347/FDA-to-Require-PMAs-for-Two-Types-of-Hip-Replacement-Devices/
http://www.markhamlet.co.uk/shoulder-replacement.html
http://www.anklereplacementsurgeons.com/
Joint replacement
• Purpose : To replace
dysfunctional/damaged joint
organs
• Materials : Titanium (Ti ) & its
alloys, stainless steel (SS) & its
alloys, polyethylene (PE),
UHMWPE, etc
• Required property : Able to
withstand high load bearing,
bioactive, light-weight
Knee
implant
Hip implant
Shoulder implant
Ankle implant
Biomaterials applications

9. Skeletal System – Bone scaffold
www.exac.com/images/products/bone-cement/
Castilho et al., “Fabrication of computationally designed scaffolds by low temperature 3D printing,” Biofabrication, vol. 5, pp. 1-13, 2013
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5cZ8_NL3Jfg
Bone scaffold & cement
• Purpose : To graft and fill missing bone and to guide osseo integration on
implant
• Materials : Calcium phosphate (CaP), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA),
acrylate, etc
• Required property : Biodegradable, bioactive
Bone cement
Bone scaffold
Biomaterials applications

10. Skeletal System – Bone screw and plate
http://www.medicalexpo.com/prod/ortho-solutions
Bone plate
• Purpose : To hold and to assist remodeling of two broken/fractured bones
• Materials : Ti & its alloys, SS & its alloys, cobalt-chromium (Co-Cr) & its alloys, etc
• Required property : Able to withstand load bearing
Bone plate
Bone screw
Biomaterials applications

11. Oral System – Dental implant
http://drstonedds.com/dental-implant-cost/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4jqdb7yieEI
Dental implant
• Purpose : To hold artificial tooth in replacing dysfunctional/damaged tooth
• Materials : Ti & its alloys, SS & its alloys, alumina & its alloys, etc
• Required property : Able to withstand high occlusion load, bioactive, antibacterial
Biomaterials applications

12. Oral System- GBR membrane
GTR/GBR membrane
Guided bone & tissue
Regeneration membrane
• Purpose : To be the barrier between crestal bone and gingivae for
bone tissues regeneration
• Materials : Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), CaP, etc
• Required property : Biodegradable, bioactive, flexible
Biomaterials applications
http://www.hypro.cz/en-membrany.html

13. Cardiovascular System- Stent
http://www.ev3.net/peripheral/intl/be-stents/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p3z9FLYijrQ
Stent
• Purpose : To remove blood clot inside the blood vessel and to support weak
blood vessel
• Materials : SS & its alloys, Teflon, Co-Cr & its alloys, etc
• Required property : Able to deploy, hydrophobic, adequate mechanical strength
Balloon stent system
Biomaterials applications

14. Cardiovascular System – Heart Valve
http://ptvhc.com/u-s-fda-grants-expanded-labeling-claim-to-on-x-life-technologies-reducing-blood-thinning-requirements-for-heart-valve-patients/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DzoLce84cag
Heart valve
• Purpose : To replace dysfunctional/damaged heart valve
• Materials : SS & its alloys, carbon, reprocessed tissues, etc
• Required property : Flexible, able to reduce immunologic reactivity, tough
Biomaterials application

15. Cardiovascular System
http://www.millercatheter.com/
http://www.medtronic.com/us-en/healthcare-professionals/products/cardiac-rhythm/pacemakers.html
Catheter
• Materials : Silicon rubber,
Teflon, nylon, polyurethane
(PU), latex, etc
• Required property : Flexible,
hydrophobic
Catheter
Pacemaker casing
• Materials : Ti & its alloys, SS & its
alloys, etc
• Required property : Light-weight,
anti-corrode
Pacemaker
Biomaterials application

16. Organs
http://blowe2016.edu.glogster.com/artificial-heart
http://www.kidneybuzz.com/
Artificial heart
• Purpose : To replace
dysfunctional/damaged heart
• Materials : Polyurethane
Artificial kidney
• Purpose : To replace
dysfunctional/damaged kidney
• Materials : Cellulose, polyacrylonitrile
Biomaterials application

17. Organs
https://lifeboat.com/blog/2016/02/artificial-skin
Artificial skin
• Purpose : For skin grafting and to induce regeneration of skin
• Materials : Silicone-collagen composite
• Required property : Flexible, low stiffness, biodegradable
Biomaterials application

18. Senses
http://sciblogs.co.nz/code-for-life/2013/09/17/letting-deaf-hear/
https://www.lenspick.com/
Cochlear implant
• Purpose : To replace
dysfunctional/damaged cochlear
• Materials : Platinum electrodes
Contact lense
• Purpose : To improve or correct
human vision
• Materials : Silicone-acrylate
• Hydrogel
Biomaterials application

19. Senses
https://www.hoopesvision.com/cataract-overview/standard-intraocular-lens/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNdbEp88M4s
Intraocular lense
• Purpose : To replace eye lense after
cataract surgery
• Materials : PMMA, silicone rubber,
hydrogel, etc
Biomaterials application

20. Nerve regenerations
https://www.hoopesvision.com/cataract-overview/standard-intraocular-lens/
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qNdbEp88M4s
Biomaterials application

21. Biomaterials application
Nerve regenerations

22. Class Activity
Write a short presentation ( maximum 2 pages about)
1)Select one biomedical device/apparatus.
2)Identify its application.
3)Determine what specific materials are used to construct the devices.
4)Relate the materials properties of the devices with its application.
You can write in English or in Russian Language
Deadline : 30.10.2020
Sent to : dimartino@tpu.ru
If you have some doubts or need to clarify something please write me
WhatsApp: +79631957267