Kuwait faces significant energy consumption challenges due to high reliance on air conditioning, leading to a peak electricity demand that accounts for 75% of national consumption. The government estimates a need for $3.6 billion in investment to manage growing power demands, which are projected to increase by 7-9% annually. The article outlines various strategies for energy conservation, including the implementation of cool roofs and enhanced building designs to mitigate heat transfer and reduce overall electricity consumption.

2. Ali E. H. Hajiah, PhD
ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM IN KUWAIT:
A LOCAL PERSPECTIVE
Department of Building and Energy Technologies
Environment and Urban Development Division
Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

3. Fifteenth Symposium on Improving
Building Systems in Hot and Humid
Climates, Orlando, FL, July 24-26,
2006

4. Due to heavy use of air conditioning,
reliance on desalination for water,
and highly subsidized electricity
prices, Kuwait's per capita electricity
consumption is amongst the highest
in the world.
ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM IN KUWAIT: A LOCAL PERSPECTIVE
Ali E. H. Hajiah, PhD; Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

5. In Kuwait, nearly 300-350 MW
power is added every year only to
satisfy the growing demand of the
A/C systems
ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM IN KUWAIT: A LOCAL PERSPECTIVE
Ali E. H. Hajiah, PhD; Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

6. Kuwait
• Seven months of summer
• Temperatures over 50 C.
• “Air-conditioning of buildings is the single
largest consumer of electricity and accounts
for nearly 75% of nation’s peak power
demand and over 50% of annual energy
consumption. “
ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM IN KUWAIT: A LOCAL PERSPECTIVE
Ali E. H. Hajiah, PhD; Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

7. • MEW is spending nearly 80 million
Kuwaiti Dinars at 400 KD/kW every year
to add additional power generation and
distribution.
• The amount spent annually on fuel to
generate electricity for the operation of
the A/C systems is well over 90 million
KD (MEW, 2002).
ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM IN KUWAIT: A LOCAL PERSPECTIVE
Ali E. H. Hajiah, PhD; Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

8. ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM IN KUWAIT: A LOCAL PERSPECTIVE
Ali E. H. Hajiah, PhD; Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

9. ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM IN KUWAIT: A LOCAL PERSPECTIVE
Ali E. H. Hajiah, PhD; Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

10. • Power demand is expected to continue
increasing at 7-9 percent a year, necessitating
construction of new generating capacity.
• According to government estimates, roughly
$3.6 billion in further investment is needed by
2010.
<http://www.eoearth.org/article/Energy_profile_of_Kuwait

11. September 14, 2009
GE Energy announced that the Kuwait Ministry
of Electricity and Water signed a $2.65 billion
USD contract for a new power plant
Kuwait’s robust business and residential growth
has strained the country’s power generation
capability, resulting in power outages during
the hot summer months.
http://www.zawya.com/Story.cfm/sidZAWYA20090914093137

12. From the Energy Information
Administration:
Kuwait seeks to significantly increase
its use of natural gas in electricity
generation, water desalination, and
petrochemicals to free up as much as
100,000 barrels per day of oil for
export.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Kuwait/Full.html

13. Kuwait Consumption & Imports
In 2006, an annual basis - natural gas consumption
matches production.
Kuwait’s electricity demand, has outpaced natural
gas production during the summer months.
Result is the shutdown of refinery and
petrochemical operations to meet the increased
demand in electricity.
http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Kuwait/Full.html

14. By 2014 regional energy demand is
forecasted to have a 25.1% growth over
the period since 2009.
Kuwait's thermal power generation is forecast to rise 70.2% between 2009 and 2019
by Mike King
http://www.pr-inside.com/kuwait-s-thermal-power-generation-is-r1724985.htm

15. GOALS
• Reduce Electrical Demand
• Increase Energy Exports
• Reduce Energy Imports
• Provide More Reliability
• Provide a Better Environment

16. Our world is changing…
we need to change with it.
Our Designs, our Products, our Processes

17. Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory Heat Island
Study

18. Heat Island (Atlanta)
Less Vegetation more black asphalt
(roofs & parking lots)

19. Heat Island…5-7 degrees warmer

21. Los Angeles Heat Island
• With increasing
irrigation &
orchards, LA cooled
5ºF until the 1930’s
• As orchards gave
way to hot roofs &
pavements, LA
warmed 6 ºF to
1980
Dr. Lisa Gartland, Principal Engineer, Positive Energy

22. Lawrence Berkeley National
Laboratory Heat Island
Study
One degree increase in air temperature
raises energy demand by two percent …and
raises smog by three percent

23. Buildings account for…
 36% of total energy use
 65% of electricity consumption
 30% of greenhouse gas emissions
 30% of raw materials use
 30% of waste output/136 million tons annually
 12% of potable water consumption
data from USGBC Website

24. Heat Transfer
Where there is a temperature difference
between objects in proximity, heat transfer
between them can never be stopped; it can
only be slowed down.

25. SOLAR RADIATION

26. SOLAR RADIATION
Infrared (thermal) heat rays travel…
•With the greatest intensity
perpendicular to the surface.
•With the least intensity parallel with
the receiving surface (zero intensity).

27. SOLAR RADIATION
Radiation Exposure
• A 7 story building is exposed to more radiation on
the walls than on the roof.
• A single story building receives 70% of it’s solar
radiation on the roof.

28. Environmental Factors
Cannot be manipulated:
• Ambient air temperature
• Solar radiation
• Wind

29. Building Material Factors
Can be manipulated:
• Material resistivity (r-value)
• Surface Solar reflectivity
• Surface Solar absorptivity
• Surface Thermal radiation emissivity

30. Heat Transfer and Buildings
The best way to reduce heat transfer:
 Prevent it from entering the building.
The best way to manage heat transfer:
 Re-emit it quickly.

32. Solutions That Require
Large Scale Investments

37. Kuwait Declaration
• Calls for…
 taking the necessary procedures to preserve
environment & natural resources, & the optimal
use of it to achieve sustainable development.
 …and take action to limit the impact of climate
change & its repercussions on Arab societies.
http://www.da.gov.kw/eng/articles/arab_economic_summit_2009_sp
eeches.php?p=summit_declaration

38. History
• In 1995, the Kuwait Environment Public Authority (EPA) was created.
• With the help of the ESCWA (the Economic Commission for Western Asia
(ECWA) in 2005 set forth an environmental strategy with three types of
objectives:
 the reduction of the rate of pollution;
 introduction of the environmental dimension in policies, plans and
national programs;
 the protection of the national resources and the biodiversity in the
context of sustainable development. (LEED)
“The adoption of such strategies can hardly be considered as a luxury in all Gulf countries;
in which environmental problems are somewhat similar”.
http://www.escwa.un.org/divisions/pptcdadvisors.asp?id=12

39. Questions
Can Kuwait avoid the need to build new power plants?
Can economic competitiveness be increased?
Can health conditions be improved ?
Can building maintenance and operation costs be
decreased?
Can green house gas emissions be reduced?

40. HOW?

41. A Radiant Heat Barrier…
 Reduces surface temperatures by as much as 20˚ C
 Reflects at least 70% of radiant heat
 Limits radiant heat absorption between 15% and 20%
 Emissivity level of 90% quickly reducing heat transfer
 Reduces energy consumption by as much as 40%

43. Florida Power & Light Company

44. Reflective roof surfaces
$0.45 per square foot of reflective roof
When the retrofit application reflects at least
73% of the sun’s heat.

45. San Antonio, TX
• CPS Energy
• The Largest Municipally Owned Energy
Company in the Nation
• (Provides Both Gas and Electricity)

46. Residential Cool Roof Rebate
$0.20 per square foot.
Must be ENERGY STAR® cool roof
products.

47. $0.10 per Sq. Ft. for Commercial Roofs
• Rated reflectivity must be measured by test
method ASTM E424-71, ASTM E903-96
• Must have a minimum reflectivity of 75%.

48. California
Low - Sloped Roofs: $.20 per sq ft
Steep-sloped: $.10 - $.20 per sq ft.

49. The USA Federal Energy Policy
Act of 2005
• Commercial buildings are eligible for tax
deductions up to $1.80 USD per square foot.
• Many buildings are eligible for improvements
completed within the normal course of
business.
• For municipal buildings, benefits are passed
through to the primary designers/architects in
an attempt to encourage innovative municipal
design.

50. Hashem Akbari Heat Island Group
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
• Cool roof standards are designed to reduce a/c
demand, save money, and save emissions.
• In Los Angeles they will eventually save $100,000
per hour.
• Each 25m2 of cool roof offsets 1 ton of CO2

51. REDUCE PEAK DEMAND
A reflective roof can reduce peak
cooling demand by 10-15%.

52. Power Grid Benefits with
“Cool Roofs”
Utility Grid/Operator Benefits
 Reduced need for infrastructure spending
 Generation
 Transmission
 Local Distribution
 Mitigation of System Peaks
 Reduced Spending will lower rates over long term

53. Department of Energy
DOE “Cool Roof” Calculator shows
substantial savings in Puerto Rico.

54. DOE…PR Solar reflectance
Net Savings

55. • Since 2005 California has required most flat-
roofed buildings to be white.
• 75% of Wal-Mart stores in the US have
installed “cool roofs”.
• Washington, D.C. will require new flat roofs on
commercial buildings to be covered in
vegetation or a reflective material.

56. Hashem Akbari
"It buys us precious time" to figure out
ways to limit greenhouse-gas emissions or
remove the gases from the atmosphere. “
"It basically buys us time until we come up
to our senses."

57. 1998 US established the
Cool Roof Rating Council
First products rated in 2003.
2009 EU established its Cool
Roof Rating Council

58. Cool “white”
roofs are not
new, used for
thousands of
years (e.g.
Greece,
Santorini)

59. “Cool Roofing”…Why?
• Environmental Benefits
• Economic Benefits
• Health & Community Benefits

60. Environmental benefits:
Enhance and protect ecosystems and biodiversity
Reduce waste - Nothing added to landfills
Conserve natural resources
Sustainable…extends life of roof
• Renewable every 10 years

61. Economic benefits:
• Reduce operating costs
• Enhance asset value and profits
• Improve employee productivity, safety and
satisfaction
• Optimize life-cycle economic performance

62. Health and community benefits:
• Improve air, thermal and acoustic
environments
• Minimize strain on local infrastructure
• Mitigate Heat Island Effect

63. Health and community benefits:
• Lower roof top and building temperatures
• Less heat transfer
• Increased occupant comfort
• Reduced AC load
• Lower building occupant’s electricity bills
» Up to 40% reduction in cooling costs
• Reduce peak electricity demand (avoid black-outs)
• LBNL estimates Worldwide energy savings of
$27 billion (2008)

64. “Cool Roof”
Cost vs. Benefits
Good design, but is it
economically feasible?

65. Economics
Astec Roof Coatings:
• No need to tear off old roof.
• No need to raise equipment on roof.
• No Facility Downtime
• Makes most roofs better than original.

66. Economics
Astec Roof Coatings:
• Reduced Air-Conditioning Demand
• Equipment lasts longer
• Sustainable, Renewable…lower life-cycle cost.
• Substantial savings over other conventional roofing
systems... Up to 50% savings

67. Cool Roofing Energy Savings
“Cool” roof systems will eventually pay
for themselves and continue to pay a
premium.

68. Energy Savings Demonstrated
Dr. Lisa Gartland, Principal Engineer, Positive Energy

69. Cool Roof Coating Case Study:
Paulding County, GA
Thermostats Controlled at District Office
Both Facilities 90,000 SQ.FT.
Dr. Lisa Gartland, Principal Engineer, Positive Energy

70. Cool Roof Coating Results
1st Year Savings
$8,054 USD
Total Electricity Reduction 13 %
Projected 35 Year Savings
$282,000 USD
Dr. Lisa Gartland, Principal Engineer, Positive Energy

71. Cool Roof Coating
Demonstrated Savings
• Evaporative cooling system was undersized
• Store was well over 85°F on some afternoons
• Instead of adding cooling capacity - installed a
cool coating
Dr. Lisa Gartland, Principal Engineer, Positive Energy

72. Cool Roof Coating
Demonstrated Savings
Initial solar reflectivity of 31%, after coating 74%
Initial max temperature 170°F, after coating 120°F
Used 10% less cooling energy
Always 85°F or less in store
Optimal comfort (below 79 F and 60% relative
humidity) for 10 more shopping hours a week
Dr. Lisa Gartland, Principal Engineer, Positive Energy

73. Savings of
$500,000 USD over Replacement

74. Savings of an
Est. $600,000 over Replacement

75. Savings of
$1.5 Million USD
over Replacement

76. Cool Roofs = Good Economics

77. REDUCES
TEMPERATURES

78. “…almost immediately the room temperature
inside was cooled by 19° F.”
-Donald E., Yakima Ice Arena

81. FOR
COLD STORAGE

82. COLD STORAGE & WAREHOUSING

83. “Our engineering department reported
that the plant is consuming less energy …”
-Vice President, Rainier Cold Storage & Ice

84. Airport Hanger:
The concrete pad in front of the hanger:
107 ̊ F / 42 ̊ C
The underside of the roof of an adjoining hanger:
164 ̊ F / 73 ̊ C
The temperature on the underside of the Astec roof:
98 ̊ F / 37 ̊ C

85. Galveston, Texas
• Prior
• Ambient: 95 ̊ F / 35 ̊ C
• Inside: 119 ̊ F / 48 ̊ C
• Surface 173 ̊ F / 78 ̊ C
• 2 hours after
• Ambient: 95 ̊ F / 35 ̊ C
• Inside: 97 ̊ F / 36 ̊ C
• Surface 104 ̊ F / 40 ̊ C

86. “In the past, we have struggled to maintain
minus 12° F / -11° C … Since the application, we
have been able to maintain minus 15° F / -9° C
or less.”
-Plant Superintendent, Land-O-Sun Dairies

88. ‫الحماية الحرارية‬
Thermal Protection

89. ‫درع شمسي‬
Solar Shield

93. Cool Roofing
improves insulation performance
• “The thermal resistance of insulation installed
immediately below a black membrane has been
found to be up to 30% lower than advertised,
when measured at peak summertime
temperatures in Austin, Texas.”
-Konopacki and Akbari

94. Fluid Applied Cool Roof Systems
 Provide durable / flexible surfaces
 Protect from Ultra-violet degradation
 Eliminates/minimizes roof tear-off
 Sustainable, Renewable, lower life-cycle cost

95. Some Benefits of the
Astec Re-Ply and Ceramic Coating Systems:
 Save on annual electricity bills by reducing summer air
conditioning costs.
Save peak electricity demand.
 Reduce roof maintenance and replacement expenses by
extending roof life.
 Increase indoor comfort in summer by reflecting heat from
the roof surface.

96. Benefits of the Astec Re-Ply
and Ceramic Coating Systems:
 Reduce the heat island effect in cities and suburbs.
 Reduce air pollution and smog formation.
 Reduce waste added to landfills.
 Help builders and building managers meet Energy
Efficiency Building Standards such as Perl, LEED, etc.

97. INSULATING
COATINGS
CORPORATION

98. On Roofs for over 50 years

99. History
• Early 60’s Roof Painting Contractor…FL.
• Manufacturing…South Florida
• Ceramic Coating Technology…late 70’s
(started the Ceramic Coating Industry)
• Astec Products started in 1986

100. Important Affiliations

102. Important Affiliations

103. ASTEC PRODUCTS
KNOWLEDGE & INNOVATION

104. ASTEC PRODUCTS
KNOWLEDGE
&
INNOVATION

105. ASTEC PRODUCTS
KNOWLEDGE & INNOVATION

106. ASTEC PRODUCTS
• Tom Ennis
• Advanced Formulations
• Advanced Technology

108. 1.3 million square feet currently under
contract & 3 million total in Lolita, TX.

109. ‫استقرار في كافة الظروف المناخية‬
‫‪All Climate Stability‬‬

110. ON THE
OCEAN FRONT
IN THE DESERT

113. ICC’s Technical Dept.
• Application specs are the most
stringent in the industry
• The best 100% acrylic available.
• Field inspections

114. Insulating Coatings Corporation
All fluid applied products are
manufactured by us…no outside
sources

115. What is the difference between a
paint and a coating?
Paint: An aqueous liquid continuous film applied at
film thickness' of less than 10 wet mls.
Coating: An aqueous liquid continuous membrane
applied at film thickness’ greater than 40 wet mls.

116. Benefits of
Acrylic Roof Membrane
vs.
Paint
Remain Flexible
Resist standing Water
Excellent Adhesion to a variety of substrates
Resist UV exposure
Applied at greater film thickness for increased flexibility
Resistance to Foot Traffic…tensile strength
Higher Reflectivity and increased emissivity

117. Definition of an
Advanced Roof Coating
An aqueous liquid suspension, applied to roofing
substrates, which dries to a seamless, resilient,
durable membrane which is flexible across a
broad temperature range.

118. What is the
difference in coatings?

119. White coatings have good solar reflectance, but…..
 Chalks, talc and clay can be added to make the
coating white and increase solid content.
 They have a higher rate of erosion over advanced
roof coatings using titanium and ceramics.
Ceramics dramatically reduce erosion.
 Premium resins are superior for adhesion,
flexibility and durability.

120. So what makes a quality
Roof Coating?
Binder
Volume Solids
PVC

121. Volume Solids (VS)
High Quality Coating Lower Quality Coating
Pigments Pigments
Resin Resin less
60% or than 50%
Greater

122. How to insure you are
getting quality products?
Testing - ASTM
Earned credibility in the field
ISO

123. Fluid-Applied Membranes
QUALITY
is the only way to go!
Cheap coatings lead to continued roof problems.

124. Insulating Coatings Corporation
ASTEC Authorized Applicators insure
that the applications are done to ASTEC
Specifications.

125. Burgan One
General Trading & Contracting

126. BG1
• Established 1992
• Working in the oil industry with KOC for 16 years
• Working with the US Army for 7 years

128. APPLICATIONS

129. ROOFING

130. Restore or Replace?
Big savings over replacement:
 Avoid Costly Tear-Off
 Eliminate Facility Downtime
 Cool Roof Energy Savings
 Sustainable
 Helps the Planet

131. Metal Roofs

132. TREAT & PREVENT CORROSION

133. New Orleans Conv. Center

140. Concrete Roofs

146. Concrete Roof Before

147. Other Substrates

148. ASBESTOS /
TRANSITE
ASPHALT /
EPDM

149. Other Substrates
• Polyurethane Foam
• Hypalon
• PVC
• Stucco
• Vinyl
• Thermoplastic

150. Other Applications

151. Celgene
Cellular
Therapeutics

152. Steel Tank
Used For: Egg Product Storage
Stabilized Temperatures
&
Lowered Energy Costs

153. Self Storage Facility

154. Environmental Furnace

155. US Navy Mobile Facility

156. Air Ducts
• Continental Airline
• Disney
• American Airlines
• Campbell’s

157. Duct Work

158. AC and Air Handlers

159. Swamp Coolers

160. Vehicles

161. MILITARY
APPLICATIONS

162. • In the United States:
• China Lake, California
• Nellis Air Force Base, Nevada
• Fort Dix, New Jersey
• Aberdeen Proving Grounds, Maryland

163. US Naval Observatory

164. United States Air Force
“… After the application of the coating,
the average peak temperature in the
warehouse area dropped to 86° F,
a decrease of 17° F. “
- James A., Capt. USAF Chief RSD of Civil Engineering

165. Before
After

166. United States Army
“… a 64° F reduction in roof surface
temperature, a 23° F reduction in attic
temperature and a 10° F reduction in room
temperature as a result of the insulative and
reflective value of the coating.”
- Benjamin S., Col, Dept. of the Army

167. Camp Robinson,
North Little Rock, AR
Army Reserve

168. US Army in Kuwait
• Camp Arifjan
• Tent Project
• Thermal Protection

170. UN-Treated Tent
Temperature Reading taken on AUG. 6TH,2008
96.4 ̊F AVG
Treated Tent
Temperature Reading taken on AUG. 6TH,2008
85.6 ̊F AVG

171. • Un-treated Tent includes a Sun shade on Top
• Un-treated Tent Contains 3 split Units
• Treated Tent includes No Sun shade on Top
• Treated Tent Contains 2 split Units

173. Further Tests….
• Un-treated tent
• Removed the third air conditioner
• Same air conditioning units in both tents.
• Treated tent used 26% less energy.

174. Water Tanks

176. “I avoided taking a shower during
the noon time, but after you have
coated my water tank with Astec,
there is no issue with hot water in
my house any more, at any time
of the day". – Recent Customer in Kuwait

178. “Astec is amazing, after 4 years the finish on the
tanks still look great”
-President, Studer Fertilizer

182. ON
WALLS

183. Port of Pensacola
Pensacola, Florida

184. Port of Pensacola
Pensacola, Florida

185. Public Housing Authority

186. Public Housing Authority

187. Senior Public Housing Authority

188. Senior Public Housing Authority

189. New Construction

190. New Construction

191. New Construction

192. EXTEND YOUR FACILITY
&
YOUR EQUIPMENT’S
LIFE-CYCLE

193. SOLVE YOUR
HEAT & WATER
RELATED PROBLEMS

194. Renewable & Sustainable
Extend the system after 10 years with a recoat.
Only a fraction (40 -70%) of the original cost.

195. “We can extend the life of existing roofing
for a fraction of the cost of conventional roof
replacement.” - Benjamin S., Col, Dept. of the Army

196. Astec Benefits
 Radiant Heat Barrier
 Reduces Surface Temperatures
 Provides more stable internal temperatures
 Lower energy costs

197. Astec Benefits
Sustainable / Renewable Systems
 Environmentally friendly
 Low VOCs (volatile organic chemicals)
 Eliminate tear-offs and landfill usage
 Reduce capital expenditures

198. Astec Benefits
Resists UV Exposure & Thermal Shock
 A/C equipment lasts longer
 Requires less maintenance
 Less surface degradation

199. For Further Information Please Contact:
Saad Al-Yaseen
Burgan One General Trading and Contracting
Tel: +965 22409685 or Tel: +965 22409686
Fax: +965 22409551
PO Box 29770 Code: 13158 Safat – Kuwait
saadalyaseen@burganone.com
www.whyreplace.com
www.icc-astec.com

200. References
• http://www.escwa.un.org
• http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/Kuwait/Full.html
• Energy Information Administration (Content source); Langdon D. Clough
(Topic Editor). 2008. "Energy profile of Kuwait." In: Encyclopedia of Earth.
Eds. Cutler J. Cleveland (Washington, D.C.: Environmental Information
Coalition, National Council for Science and the Environment). [First
published in the Encyclopedia of Earth June 28, 2007; Last revised
September 2, 2008; Retrieved February 15, 2010].
• http://www.eoearth.org/article/Energy_profile_of_Kuwait
• http://www.da.gov.kw/eng/articles/arab_economic_summit_2009_speec
hes.php?p=summit_declaration

201. References
• ENERGY CONSERVATION PROGRAM IN KUWAIT: A LOCAL
PERSPECTIVE ; Ali E. H. Hajiah, PhD; Kuwait Institute for Scientific
Research
• http://www.zawya.com/Story.cfm/sidZAWYA20090914093137
• http://www.goodplanet.org/en/
• Dr. Lisa Gartland, Principal Engineer, Positive Energy
• Kuwait's thermal power generation is forecast to rise 70.2%
between 2009 and 2019 by Mike King,
http://www.pr-inside.com/kuwait-s-thermal-power-generation-is-
r1724985.htm