for a compound to be soluble in water 1. it shou.pdf

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for a compound to be soluble in water 1. it should have a large dipolemoment or 2. it should be ionic or 3. it should form H bond with water in first pair CH3CH2CH3 is non polar and is not soluble but CH2OHCHOHCH2OH is soluble in water by making H bonds. in second pair Though CH3Cl has little dipolemoment HCl has very higher dipolemomet because of charge separation and is readily soluble in water Solution for a compound to be soluble in water 1. it should have a large dipolemoment or 2. it should be ionic or 3. it should form H bond with water in first pair CH3CH2CH3 is non polar and is not soluble but CH2OHCHOHCH2OH is soluble in water by making H bonds. in second pair Though CH3Cl has little dipolemoment HCl has very higher dipolemomet because of charge separation and is readily soluble in water.

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1. A polar section of a molecule, which isÂ Â ---Select--- to water, is called hydrophilic (literally, \"water loving\"), and a(n)___part of the molecule, which is not expected to be attracted to water, is called hydrophobic (\"water fearing\"). 2. Would the following combinations be expected to be soluble or insoluble? (a) hydrocarbon solute and hexane (b) nonpolar solute and nonpolar solvent (c) ionic solute and hexane 3. The solubilities in water of several substances are listed below. Classify each of these substances as soluble, insoluble, or moderately soluble, based on the criteria presented in the text. (a) Camphor, C 10 H 16 O (a topical anti-infective): 0.1 g per 100 mL H 2 O at 25Â°C (b) Cobalt(II) fluoride, CoF 2 (a catalyst in organic reactions): 1.5 g per 100 g H 2 O at 25Â°C 4. The primary components of vinegar are acetic acid and water, both of which are composed of polar molecules with hydrogen bonds that link them. These two liquids will mix in any proportion. Explain why acetic acid and water are miscible. 5. What does it mean to say a solution is saturated? Describe the changes that take place at the particle level in a saturated solution of sodium chloride that contains an excess of solid NaCl. Is the NaCl still dissolving? Solution 1) attracted, non-polar 2) Nonpolar solute dissolves in nonpolar solvent and polar solute dissolves in polar solvent. a)soluble (both being nonpolar) b)soluble c)insoluble (as ionic solutes are polar) 3) solubility: if a solute has a solubility of 0.1g/mL or less, it is considered insoluble. if a solute has a solubility of 1.0g/mL or more, it is considered soluble. Any value between these 2 are considered sparingly soluble. Thus. a) camphor is insoluble in water b)CoF 2 is soluble in water. 4) due to their polar nature and presence of inter molecular H-bonding. 5)The excess NaCl added to saturated solution acts as seeds for NaCl crystal growth, as the solution tries to restore its equilibrium. .

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Explain how water interacts with the following types of compounds to influence their water solubility. 1.Compounds that can hydrogen bond 2. Compounds that are polar but cannot hydrogen bond 3. Compounds that are non-polar 4. Compounds that dissociate into cations and anions. Thank you so much. Solution Compounds that can hydrogen bond Water tends to disassociate into H+ and OH- ions. In this disassociation, the oxygen retains the electrons and only one of the hydrogens, becoming a negatively charged ion known as hydroxide. Pure water has the same number (or concentration) of H+ as OH- ions. Acidic solutions have more H+ ions than OH- ions. Basic solutions have the opposite. An acid causes an increase in the numbers of H+ ions and a base causes an increase in the numbers of OH- ions. Water, which not only dissolves many compounds but also dissolves more substances than any other liquid, is considered the universal solvent. A polar molecule with partially-positive and negative charges, it readily dissolves ions and polar molecules. Water is therefore referred to as a solvent: a substance capable of dissolving other polar molecules and ionic compounds. The charges associated with these molecules form hydrogen bonds with water, surrounding the particle with water molecules. This is referred to as a sphere of hydration, or a hydration shell, and serves to keep the particles separated or dispersed in the water. Compounds that dissociate into cations and anions.-When ionic compounds are added to water, individual ions interact with the polar regions of the water molecules during the dissociation process, disrupting their ionic bonds. Dissociation occurs when atoms or groups of atoms break off from molecules and form ions. Consider table salt (NaCl, or sodium chloride): when NaCl crystals are added to water, the molecules of NaCl dissociate into Na+ and Cl– ions, and spheres of hydration form around the ions. The positively-charged sodium ion is surrounded by the partially-negative charge of the water molecule\'s oxygen; the negatively-charged chloride ion is surrounded by the partially-positive charge of the hydrogen in the water molecule. Compounds that are polar and non-polar- -Since many biomolecules are either polar or charged, water readily dissolves these hydrophilic compounds. Water is a poor solvent, however, for hydrophobic molecules such as lipids. Nonpolar molecules experience hydrophobic interactions in water: the water changes its hydrogen bonding patterns around the hydrophobic molecules to produce a cage-like structure called a clathrate. This change in the hydrogen-bonding pattern of the water solvent causes the system\'s overall entropy to greatly decrease, as the molecules become more ordered than in liquid water. Thermodynamically, such a large decrease in entropy is not spontaneous, and the hydrophobic molecule will not dissolve. -Polar substances tend to dissolve well in other polar substances, but not nonpolar substances, whil.

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