SEMINAR NARC ISLAMABAD 12.12.2017

1. DR MUHAMMAD ANJUM ALI
MEMBER PLANT SCIENCES DIVISION
PAKISTAN AGRICULTURE RESEARCH COUNCIL
Seminar presentation 12.12.2017
Policy Framework & Seed Sector Development in Pakistan

2. 2017 GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY INDEX
OVERALL (113) AFFORDABILITY AVAILABILITY
QUALITY AND
SAFETY
NATURAL
RESOURCES &
RESILIENCE
Ireland Qatar United Kingdom Portugal Denmark
United States Singapore Ireland France Slovakia
United Kingdom United States Germany United States Austria
Singapore United Arab Emirates Norway Australia Czech Republic
Australia Ireland Switzerland Greece Hungary
Netherlands Australia United States Spain Switzerland
Germany Kuwait Canada Netherlands Poland
France Austria Netherlands Finland France
Canada Germany France Ireland Uruguay
Pakistan (77) Pakistan (75) Pakistan (69) Pakistan (82) Pakistan (55)

3. 2017 GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY INDEX
NATURAL
RESOURCES &
RESILIENCE
OCEANS WATER LAND
DEMOGRAPHIC
STRESS
Denmark Austria Uganda Dominican Republic Bulgaria
Slovakia Azerbaijan Denmark Bulgaria Ukraine
Austria Belarus Malawi Greece Serbia
Czech Republic Bolivia Cote d’Ivoire Azerbaijan Romania
Hungary Botswana Sierra Leone Italy Syria
Switzerland Burkina Faso Honduras Serbia Greece
Poland Burundi Zambia Spain Hungary
France Chad Guinea Uruguay Portugal
Uruguay Czech Republic Norway France Japan
Pakistan (55) Pakistan (41) Pakistan (112) Pakistan (108) Pakistan (55)

4. 2017 GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY INDEX
Category Score A* Rank
Average score
(all countries)
OVERALL 47.8 +0.7 77 57.3
1) AFFORDABILITY 43.6 +0.8 75 54.8
2) AVAILABILITY 52.0 +0.1 69 59.0
3) QUALITY AND SAFETY 46.6 +2.1 82 58.7
1.1) Food consumption as a share of household expenditure 49.0 -5.1 72 58.6
1.2) Proportion of population under global poverty line 60.0 +8.4 80 73.0
1.3) Gross domestic product per capita (US$ PPP) 3.2 +0.2 82 14.5
1.4) Agricultural import tariffs 79.5 +2.2 62 76.4
1.5) Presence of food safety net programs 25.0 0.0 87 65.5
1.6) Access to financing for farmers 75.0 0.0 40 61.3
2.1) Sufficiency of supply 40.0 +0.3 75 56.5
2.2) Public expenditure on agricultural R&D 0.0 0.0 62 15.0
*Compare to Last Year

5. 2017 GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY INDEX
Category Score A Rank
Average score
(all countries)
2.3) Agricultural infrastructure 50.9 +10.2 62 57.6
2.4) Volatility of agricultural production 90.7 -0.3 56 86.2
2.5) Political stability risk 29.4 -3.9 81 46.8
2.6) Corruption 25.0 0.0 48 37.4
2.7) Urban absorption capacity 71.7 -8.5 31 66.6
2.8) Food loss 91.1 +0.3 42 84.9
3.1) Diet diversification 53.6 0.0 64 56.4
3.2) Nutritional standards 69.2 0.0 60 79.1
3.3) Micronutrient availability 41.1 0.0 61 43.9
3.4) Protein quality 23.6 0.0 92 49.4
3.5) Food safety 60.6 +12.5 89 80.5

6. 2017 GLOBAL FOOD SECURITY INDEX
Prevalence of undernourishment 22.0 %
Percentage of children stunted 45.0 %
Percentage of children underweight 31.6 %
Intensity of food deprivation 172.0 kcal/person/day
Human Development Index 0.5 Rating 0-1
Global Gender Gap Index 0.6 Rating 0-1
EIU Democracy Index 4.3 Rating 1-10; 10=most democratic
Prevalence of Obesity 6.1 %

7. FMU JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, 2016
AND N.N.S 2011PUNJAB
Punjab is the biggest province of Pakistan; the survey
revealed that about 40.5% of the households are food secure
while 59.5% are food insecure of those that were food
insecure 32.2% were food insecure without hunger, 18.5 were
food insecure with moderate hunger and 8.8% were food
insecure with severe hunger.
7
State
Food Insecure
without Hunger
Food Insecure
with Moderate
Hunger
Food Insecure
with Severe
Hunger
Food
Secure
Punjab 32.7% 18.5% 8.3% 40.5%
Sindh 21.4% 33.8% 16.8% 28%
KP 31% 28.5% 5.5% 35%
Balochistan 32% 18% 11.5% 38.5%

8. FOOD SECURITY AND AGRICULTURE
• Increasing focus on dietary diversity, nutrition and healthy food
• Enhancing the level of affordability for nutritious food by the poor segments of the society
• Improving the quality, quantity, and timing of supply of agricultural inputs
• Increasing farm gate prices, reducing price fluctuations and managing declining
international prices
• Addressing Market infrastructure requirements and trade restrictions
• Mitigating and adapting to climate change effects on agriculture and livestock
• Promoting innovative livelihood practices, i.e., medicinal plants, fisheries, bee-keeping,
local food products, seed production, rural poultry, and raising nurseries etc.
• Securing qualified human resources for food security and food systems analysis

9. INVESTMENT & RESEARCH
1. Enhancing the public sector investment in Pakistan’s agricultural R&D in line with other
countries of the region
2. Providing enabling environment for foreign and private sector investments in
agriculture R&D
3. Improving infrastructure for the development of nutritious food products and qualified
human resources in food sciences.
I. Improving National Agricultural Research Systems (NARS) capabilities to address and achieve the
complex research goals of modern agriculture
II. Improving coordination in research and technology dissemination
III. Inducting qualified and trained human resource for research & focusing demand driven research &
Improving research infrastructure
IV. Choosing locations for research (provincial vs Federal) and the methods for inclusion of the private
sector

10. POLICY MEASURES (SEED)
1. Strengthening and Restructuring of FSC&R Department
2. Facilitation in creation of Seed Corporation in KP and Baluchistan provinces
3. Strengthening of Punjab and Sindh Seed Corporations
4. Establishing Foundation Seed Cells (FSCs) at major research institutes
5. Strengthening of research facilities for the development of hybrids of potential crops
6. Up-scaling of Fruit Plant Certification Program
7. Establishing Seed Technology Research and Training Institute
8. Implementation of PBR with the requisite institutional arrangements in collaboration with provinces
9. Development of requisite legislative and regulatory support system for development of modern seed
industry
10. Developing village based seed enterprises, seed banks and fruit plant nurseries

11. INTERNATIONAL OBLIGATIONS
• International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA)
• Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
• International Plant Protection Convention
• International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources (IU)
• WTO–TRIPS Agreement
• UPOV (Plant Breeders’ Rights)
• CGIAR policies/instruments
• Network agreements
• FAO Code of Conduct for Plant Germplasm Collecting and Transfer
• FAO–IPGRI Gene-bank Standards
• FAO Global Plan of Action
• FAO–CGIAR Agreements (Placing Collections under the Auspices of FAO)

12. NATIONAL OBLIGATIONS
• International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (ITPGRFA)
• Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
• International Plant Protection Convention
• International Undertaking on Plant Genetic Resources (IU)
• WTO–TRIPS Agreement
• UPOV (Plant Breeders’ Rights)
• CGIAR policies/instruments
• Network agreements
• FAO Code of Conduct for Plant Germplasm Collecting and Transfer
• FAO–IPGRI Gene-bank Standards
• FAO Global Plan of Action
• FAO–CGIAR Agreements (Placing Collections under the Auspices of FAO)
FOOD SECURITY POLICY
SEED ACT & PBR THROUGH
EFFECTIVE IMPLEMENTATION PLAN,
CAPACITY BUIDING AND
STRUCTURAL IMPROVEMENT

13. NUMBER OF REGISTERED AND RELEASED VARIETIES
CROP Punjab Sindh K. P Baluchistan Islamabad PVT Pakistan
Wheat 66 25 44 08 06 -- 149
Barley 03 - 03 04 --- 10
Maize 15 - 12 -- --- 05 32
Rice 24 14 07 --- --- -- 45
Cotton 97 30 02 --- --- 25 154
Sugarcane 16 13 16 --- -- 01 46
Pulses 48 04 21 01 05 -- 79
Oilseeds 25 05 23 -- 08 05 66
Fodders 29 --- 07 01 --- 02 39
Vegetables 46 01 13 08 --- -- 68
Fruits 10 02 36 -- -- -- 48
Flowers 03 - - - - - 03
Total 382 94 187 22 19 38 739
PACE OF TRANSFER OF RESEARCH FINDINGS TO THE FARMERS FIELD IS VERY LOW

14. PAKISTAN SEED INDUSTRY
• Pakistan Estimated Seed industry US $2.5 billion
1. Certified Seed / Formal Sector US $845 million
2. Potential / Informal Sector US $1.56 billion
• 80 % Informal and 20% Formal Seed Sector
• The global seed market is expected to witness a 7.1% growth during 2017-2022
(the forecast period)
• The market estimated at USD 56.020 Billion in 2017 & is projected to reach a
value of USD 78.764 Billion by 2022
• Seed requirement for various crops in Pakistan was 1.69 million tons. Farmers
were short of 1.13 million tons of quality seed with 0.559 Million Tons Seed total
availability with 91,673 tons from Public sector, 39, 784 tons imported and 0.428
million tons from Private sector

15. reliance of food & available plant species
Name of Plant Species Purpose
250,000-400,000 Identified as higher plant species
7000 Cultivated plant species
150 Grown commercially
30 Feeding the world
12 75% of food
4 50 % of food we eat
The Guardian, 2010; FAO, 2007
WIDER DIVERSITY TO INCLUDE UNDER-UTILIZED,
UN-UTILIZED AND FOREGOTTEN CROPS

16. Group of International Agricultural Research (CGIAR)
IPGRI – Rome: Conservation of gene pools for crops and forages
CIAT - Columbia: Rice, beans, cassava, forages and pasture.
CIMMYT - Mexico: Maize, wheat, barley and triticale.
CIP – Peru: Potato and sweet potato improvement
ICARDA – Syria: wheat, barley, chickpea, lentils, pasture legumes & small ruminants.
ICRISAT - India: sorghum, millet, chickpea, pigeonpea and groundnut.
IITA – Nigeria: Maize, cassava, cowpea, plantain, soybean, rice and yam.
IRRI – Philippines: Research on global rice improvement.

17. SUGGESTIONS
• Crop genetic diversity is utmost needed to feed increasing population,
tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, un-utilized crops, nutrition, soil
improvement, efficient plants
• Collection of maximum germplasm i.e heirloom and exotic to improve genetic
resources and wider genetic base for breeding
• Registration of available genetic material present in all the agriculture
institutes (database needs to be prepared early for PBR, Repository etc)
• Use of latest techniques for crop breeding for development of high yielding,
climate smart and efficient plants
• Implementation of national and international laws through capacity building

18. SUGGESTIONS
Reform the archaic seed sector
Implementation of Seed Act in its true spirit
 Enact PBRs without further delay
 Allocation of maximum resources for seed research
 Biotechnology has to replace traditional breeding methods
 Support to farmers for seed saving through village seed bank
 Increase the share of certified seed. No to unregulated seed
business at any stage

19. THANKS