1. Electrically assisted human powered vehicle

5. Fabrication In fabrication, welded joint gives better over all output compare to monotube and coupling in above characteristics. Weight Alternatives Monotube Welded Parts Coupling Cost 6 4 6 5 Reliability 9 7 7 6 Safety 5 8 7 6 Manufacture-ability 7 6 8 7 Design-ability 7 5 6 6 Performance 8 8 8 7 268 296 261

6. Rear wheel lower support (2 point connection) Out of above three alternatives longitudinal bar is proper choice. Weight Alternatives Rear - T bar Direct connection Longitudinal bar Cost 6 5 6 4 Reliability 9 8 6 9 Safety 5 5 5 5 Manufacture-ability 7 7 8 6 Design-ability 7 6 7 6 Performance 8 8 7 9 282 276 286

7. Rear wheel upper support (1 point) Decision Matrix From Single and double angle alternative single angle is ideal because above decision matrix. Weight Alternatives Single Angle Double Angle Cost 6 6 5 Reliability 9 8 9 Safety 5 6 6 Manufacture-ability 7 8 7 Design-ability 7 8 7 Performance 8 7 8 306 303

8. Connections with Body For connecting body bracket, bolt and rivet connection is mostly depend on application and location of connection. Weight Alternatives Bracket Bolt Rivet Cost 6 5 6 7 Reliability 9 9 8 7 Safety 5 6 5 6 Manufacture-ability 7 5 6 7 Design-ability 7 6 7 7 Performance 8 9 8 7 290 288 289

14. Final Concept

15. 3D model of the main body frame in NX

16. 4 views of the main body frame

18. Calculations Wheelbase: L= 1.5 m Total weight = 165 kg Frame and Body (40) Rider (100) Batteries (10) Electric motor (5) Chain drive system (10) Uncertainty factor= 1.1 Total force (Ft)= 165 x 9.8 x 1.1 Ft= 1778 N Reaction force at front wheel: Ff = Ft / 2 =889 N

24. Bending stiffness: Kb= EI/L^3 (Eq.4) Minimum Bending stiffness (Kb-min)=1830 N/m Axial stiffness: Ka= AE/L (Eq.5) A= л x do x t x (1-t/do)= .000264 m^2 (Eq.6) Minimum Axial stiffness (Ka-min)= 12.12 MN/m Torsoinal stiffness: Kt= JG/L (Eq.7) J= 2I= 11.6 x 10^(-8) m^4 (Eq.8) Minimum Torsional stiffness (Kt-min)= 2011 Nm/deg

28. ROLLOVER PROTECTION Fully visible outside the rider silhouette when viewed from the front or rear, and conform to the following dimensions. • Height above helmet - 150 mm minimum • Width at top of helmet - 150 mm minimum either side of the helmet • Width at shoulder level - 50 mm minimum either side of the shoulders • Forward or rearward - no more than 150 mm of the rider's helmet • Roll bar shall envelope the rider when viewed from either front or rear. The forward ‘leg’ roll bar must protect the rider’s legs, knees and feet from being crushed in a rollover or side slide situation and must be mounted across the vehicle above the riders knee area. (Front side Protection) Composite Material Aluminum or CrMo

29. Side Bar Rollbar Composite Material ( Carbonfiber-Honeycomb core) Airbag Protection Methods for Impact Criteria Weight Alternatives S bar Air Bag Side Bars or Rollbar Composite Mat. for surface support None Cost 8 4 2 9 5 10 Weight 9 4 3 7 8 10 Safety 9 7 10 7 7 0 Reliability 9 7 9 7 7 0 Easiness of Mounting (Frame material is Aluminium) 6 8 2 8 3 10 Manufacturability 7 5 2 8 7 10 Design-ability 7 6 2 8 7 10 Complexity 6 5 2 8 7 10 Low C.O.G. 5 4 2 7 8 10 Affect to the Performance 4 6 3 7 8 10 Weight Total 393 288 532 468 520

30. SIDE PROTECTION * Minimum 50 mm clearance around the rider and shield the area between the rider’s hip and shoulder from contact with another vehicle and be constructed of material type, size and integral strength similar to the roll bars. Rollbar and Side Bar Materials Criteria Weight Alternatives Aluminum CrMo Composite Cost 8 7 8 5 Weight 9 6 4 7 Impact Absorption 9 7 8 7 Reliability 9 7 8 7 Easiness of Mounting (Frame material is Aluminium) 6 8 6 5 Manufacturability 7 8 7 6 Design-ability 7 8 8 7 Low C.O.G. 5 6 4 7 Affect to the Performance 4 6 5 7 Weight Total 450 425 413

31. Material is Aluminum 6061-T6 as used in frame. Tubing diameter is taken from Frame tubing diameter.

32. References: www.matweb.com www.alcotec.com http://www.racvenergybreakthrough.net/PDF/Handbook07/Handbook07-PartB-HPV.pdf

34. Front Inlet (Side View) ‏ Side Inlet (Top View) ‏ Corner Inlet (Top View) ‏ - Frontal inlet is selected - Highest static pressure and thus result in the greatest airflow at given speed. - Minimal impact on airflow over the surface Air Vent Location

35. Required Air Flow Rate - This study recommends that 6liters of air per minute be passed over a body during exercise to maintain an acceptable temperature. (assumes an ambient air temp of 20deg C. http://academic.uprm.edu/~mgoyal/fluidsjuly2004/cooneychapter5.pdf -It is assumed that 6 times this is required to maintain the electronics at 33deg C. - Assuming that the flow rate through the vent is 1/10 of the vehicle speed the vent area must be. 3.6cm^3

36. Body Material Selection - Fiber-glass is selected - Light weight and durable - Some risk of compounding injury in the event of a crash - Plexiglases will be used for the window material

37. Body Drag Analysis Methodology An elemental analysis was performed. Multiple 2D analysis were performed on slices of the body and these results were integrated to determine an estimate for the overall body drag

38. http://www.aeronautics.nasa.gov/docs/rpt460/discuss.htm Element (2D Symmetric Airfoil) Drag As a Function of Aspect Ratio (Thickness to Length) ‏

39. Drag Results Frontal Force = 12N Pressure Centre = 0.5m Vehicle Height = 1.25m Vehicle Width = 1m Vehicle length = 2m Power as a Function of Air Speed

42. Sealing Method Criteria Weight Alternatives Self sticking weather stripping tape Universal bulb style adhesive backed weather stripping Cost 6 5 6 Reliability 9 5 8 Safety 5 6 7 Manufacture-ability 7 8 8 Design-ability 7 8 8 Performance 8 5 8 257 319

43. Connection Method ( Air spring Vs. Coil spring ) http://www.stabilus.com

45. Decision Matrix for Connection method Connection method ( Canopy to the main body Shell) Criteria Weight Alternatives One central Hinge with the Air spring Two side Hinges with coil spring Cost 6 6 5 Reliability 9 7 5 Safety 5 6 7 Manufacture-ability 7 8 8 Design-ability 7 8 8 Performance 8 8 5 305 262