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1. INTRODUCTION :-
Ascomycota or sac fungi is the largest group of fungi includes 65,000 species (Kirk
et al
2008) belonging to over 3400 genera.
The name sac fungi is derived from the Greek word ‘askos’ ( a leather bottle, bag or
bladder) and ‘mykes’ (a fungi).
 The characteristic feature of this group is the presence of sexually produced spores-
the ascospores in a sac called the ascus.
Each ascus contains eight ascospores (formed from meiosis) that are released or
ejected by a squirt mechanism.
Cell walls are made of glucans and chitin.

2. General Characteristics :-
These are the fungi which possess an ascus, containing ascospores formed after karyogamy and
meiosis.
 They have a septate vegetative mycelium which is profusely branched. The cell wall is made of chitin.
The vegetative hyphae are often organized into somatic tissues like sclerotia , stroma and mycelial
strands. The septa contain a septal pore or perforate septum.
 Sclerotia are firm aggregations of modified hyphae which serve as resting bodies to overcome
adverse conditions.
 Mycelial strands are linear hyphal aggragates capable of unlimited growth in one directions. Stromata
are compact somatic stuctures which bear spores or the fructification.

3. These fungi reproduce sexually as well as asexually. Asexual reproduction takes place by budding,
fragmentation, chlamydospores and conidia..
 The conidia are borne on conidiophores which may be scattered on the mycelium or formed in special
structures –the fruit bodied like pycnidium, acervuli and sporodochia.
 Pycnidium: is an ostiolate, spherical or flask shaped fruit body whose inner wall is also lined with short
conidiophores.
The acervulus is a disc shaped flat stromatic mass of hyphae. Sporodochium consists of cushion
shaped stroma bearing conidia externally
General Characteristics :-

7. INTRODUCTION :-
 Ascomycota or sac fungi is the largest group of fungi includes 65,000 species (Kirk et al
2008) belonging to over 3400 genera.
 The name sac fungi is derived from the Greek word ‘askos’ ( a leather bottle, bag or bladder)
and ‘mykes’ (a fungi).
 The characteristic feature of this group is the presence of sexually produced spores- the
ascospores in a sac called the ascus.
 Each ascus contains eight ascospores (formed from meiosis) that are released or ejected by a
squirt mechanism.
 Cell walls are made of glucans and chitin.

8. INTRODUCTION :-
 Ascomycota or sac fungi is the largest group of fungi includes 65,000 species (Kirk et al
2008) belonging to over 3400 genera.
 The name sac fungi is derived from the Greek word ‘askos’ ( a leather bottle, bag or bladder)
and ‘mykes’ (a fungi).
 The characteristic feature of this group is the presence of sexually produced spores- the
ascospores in a sac called the ascus.
 Each ascus contains eight ascospores (formed from meiosis) that are released or ejected by a
squirt mechanism.
 Cell walls are made of glucans and chitin.

9. INTRODUCTION :-
 Ascomycota or sac fungi is the largest group of fungi includes 65,000 species (Kirk et al
2008) belonging to over 3400 genera.
 The name sac fungi is derived from the Greek word ‘askos’ ( a leather bottle, bag or bladder)
and ‘mykes’ (a fungi).
 The characteristic feature of this group is the presence of sexually produced spores- the
ascospores in a sac called the ascus.
 Each ascus contains eight ascospores (formed from meiosis) that are released or ejected by a
squirt mechanism.
 Cell walls are made of glucans and chitin.

10. INTRODUCTION :-
 Ascomycota or sac fungi is the largest group of fungi includes 65,000 species (Kirk et al
2008) belonging to over 3400 genera.
 The name sac fungi is derived from the Greek word ‘askos’ ( a leather bottle, bag or bladder)
and ‘mykes’ (a fungi).
 The characteristic feature of this group is the presence of sexually produced spores- the
ascospores in a sac called the ascus.
 Each ascus contains eight ascospores (formed from meiosis) that are released or ejected by a
squirt mechanism.
 Cell walls are made of glucans and chitin.

11.  Ascomycota or sac fungi is the largest group of fungi includes 65,000 species (Kirk et al
2008) belonging to over 3400 genera.
 The name sac fungi is derived from the Greek word ‘askos’ ( a leather bottle, bag or bladder)
and ‘mykes’ (a fungi).
 The characteristic feature of this group is the presence of sexually produced spores- the
ascospores in a sac called the ascus.
 Each ascus contains eight ascospores (formed from meiosis) that are released or ejected by a
squirt mechanism.
 Cell walls are made of glucans and chitin.

12.  Ascomycota or sac fungi is the largest group of fungi includes 65,000 species (Kirk et al
2008) belonging to over 3400 genera.
 The name sac fungi is derived from the Greek word ‘askos’ ( a leather bottle, bag or bladder)
and ‘mykes’ (a fungi).
 The characteristic feature of this group is the presence of sexually produced spores- the
ascospores in a sac called the ascus.
 Each ascus contains eight ascospores (formed from meiosis) that are released or ejected by a
squirt mechanism.
 Cell walls are made of glucans and chitin.

13. JNX VNZJ.,. N
 Ascomycota or sac fungi is the largest group of fungi includes 65,000 species (Kirk et al
2008) belonging to over 3400 genera.
 The name sac fungi is derived from the Greek word ‘askos’ ( a leather bottle, bag or bladder)
and ‘mykes’ (a fungi).
 The characteristic feature of this group is the presence of sexually produced spores- the
ascospores in a sac called the ascus.
 Each ascus contains eight ascospores (formed from meiosis) that are released or ejected by a
squirt mechanism.
 Cell walls are made of glucans and chitin.

14. INTRODUCTION :-
 Ascomycota or sac fungi is the largest group of fungi includes 65,000 species (Kirk et al
2008) belonging to over 3400 genera.
 The name sac fungi is derived from the Greek word ‘askos’ ( a leather bottle, bag or bladder)
and ‘mykes’ (a fungi).
 The characteristic feature of this group is the presence of sexually produced spores- the
ascospores in a sac called the ascus.
 Each ascus contains eight ascospores (formed from meiosis) that are released or ejected by a
squirt mechanism.
 Cell walls are made of glucans and chitin.

15. INTRODUCTION :-
 Ascomycota or sac fungi is the largest group of fungi includes 65,000 species (Kirk et al
2008) belonging to over 3400 genera.
 The name sac fungi is derived from the Greek word ‘askos’ ( a leather bottle, bag or bladder)
and ‘mykes’ (a fungi).
 The characteristic feature of this group is the presence of sexually produced spores- the
ascospores in a sac called the ascus.
 Each ascus contains eight ascospores (formed from meiosis) that are released or ejected by a
squirt mechanism.
 Cell walls are made of glucans and chitin.

16. INTRODUCTION :-
 Ascomycota or sac fungi is the largest group of fungi includes 65,000 species (Kirk et al
2008) belonging to over 3400 genera.
 The name sac fungi is derived from the Greek word ‘askos’ ( a leather bottle, bag or bladder)
and ‘mykes’ (a fungi).
 The characteristic feature of this group is the presence of sexually produced spores- the
ascospores in a sac called the ascus.
 Each ascus contains eight ascospores (formed from meiosis) that are released or ejected by a
squirt mechanism.
 Cell walls are made of glucans and chitin.

17. INTRODUCTION :-
 Ascomycota or sac fungi is the largest group of fungi includes 65,000 species (Kirk et al
2008) belonging to over 3400 genera.
 The name sac fungi is derived from the Greek word ‘askos’ ( a leather bottle, bag or bladder)
and ‘mykes’ (a fungi).
 The characteristic feature of this group is the presence of sexually produced spores- the
ascospores in a sac called the ascus.
 Each ascus contains eight ascospores (formed from meiosis) that are released or ejected by a
squirt mechanism.
 Cell walls are made of glucans and chitin.

18. INTRODUCTION :-
 Ascomycota or sac fungi is the largest group of fungi includes 65,000 species (Kirk et al
2008) belonging to over 3400 genera.
 The name sac fungi is derived from the Greek word ‘askos’ ( a leather bottle, bag or bladder)
and ‘mykes’ (a fungi).
 The characteristic feature of this group is the presence of sexually produced spores- the
ascospores in a sac called the ascus.
 Each ascus contains eight ascospores (formed from meiosis) that are released or ejected by a
squirt mechanism.
 Cell walls are made of glucans and chitin.

19. INTRODUCTION :-
 Ascomycota or sac fungi is the largest group of fungi includes 65,000 species (Kirk et al
2008) belonging to over 3400 genera.
 The name sac fungi is derived from the Greek word ‘askos’ ( a leather bottle, bag or bladder)
and ‘mykes’ (a fungi).
 The characteristic feature of this group is the presence of sexually produced spores- the
ascospores in a sac called the ascus.
 Each ascus contains eight ascospores (formed from meiosis) that are released or ejected by a
squirt mechanism.
 Cell walls are made of glucans and chitin.