Concert Analysis Of A Concert

Concert Analysis Of A Concert
The concert that I attended was played by Michael Kirkendoll on Wednesday, November 8 at Beall
Concert Hall. Kirkendoll played two pieces during the performance. The first was called "Marriage,
Mile 55 From the Road," which talked about the disturbing tale of a man that explains how he
murdered his wife. The second piece, "De Profundis," talked about a distal longing for love from a
homosexual man who was arrested because of who he loved. The first piece, "Marriage, Mile 55
From the Road," was played as a piano solo, with other forms of instrumentation coming from
Kirkendoll using his voice including both lyrical dictation and simple sound effects. He also used
the piano as a percussion instrument and a string instrument by slapping and hitting the wooden
sides and reaching over into the belly of the piano and plucking the strings like a guitar. There was
not a specific tempo used for this song, as it changed many times because the lyrical parts. Many
times, the lyrics would dictate tempo. Dissonance was used mainly because of the minor notation.
This fit perfectly into the horror theme that the composer was trying to express in his work. There
was not a defined tempo as Kirkendoll changed the timing in order to build suspense and further the
plot. To my untrained ears, Kirkendoll sounded like he was jumping around on the keyboard rather
than keeping a specific tempo. The music being played was complex to play, but especially hard to
understand. The song "Marriage," was
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Number Two Effect
Number one was one that had a lot of emotional impact that was taking place throughout the
duration of the song. It expressed a tone color that was orange and very intense. There was a lot of
conflict that was taking place between Ruth and Fredrick during this time. The melody showed
pitches that made up the different parts of the song. For example, both Ruth and Fredrick take turns
on who takes the melody of the song depending on who is dominant at certain points of the song.
Fredrick is more dominant and the beginning and then Ruth takes the attention later on. Harmony
took place as Ruth and Fredrick are singing different parts at the same time and the tones are
sounding simultaneously. With this, at the intense parts there are dissonances ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
There was a tone color of purple because it was very shocking what was being said, but the paradox
part got very upbeat. This part of the story was very surprising and something that I was no
expecting. The melody that was used in number two was used by expressing different pitches. This
in relation into which one of the character was singing at the time. During the duration of this song,
the performers were the Pirate King, Frederick, and Ruth. In coalition to this, the harmony are the
sounds that were sounding simultaneously and throughout this song, the performers would sing
together. There were also times were Ruth was in more of the background which was used to create
a different melody. They also used rhythms that are known throughout the song. For example, at one
point it sounds like a circus theme song. This is used to show how this scene is intended to be one
where there is humor expressed. They are laughing and enjoying the time because Frederick is
finding out that because he was born on Leap Year he is actually only five years old. The meter that
was used in song number two was one that fluctuated depending on what the song was saying. There
was no set meter that it was focused on being. For this song, the texture is also polyphonic because
they are singing the part about paradox at the same time and it shares importance with one another.
The dynamics are used in this song when the crescendos are placed to

Essay On Gustav Koch
Gustav Koch is a dissonance–loving composer in the contemporary classical music scene of the
future who is preparing to have his pieces performed by a group of musicians on the planet Vetros.
This celestial body solely comprises an eminent concert hall. In spite of Koch' artistic ambitions, he
is living under the shadow of death; during rehearsals, his performers die one by one. Charley is
baffled by Koch's phraseology as used in this concert's programme notes which the Doctor
intercepted. Explaining that his compositions contain "pre–Wagnerian dodecaphony with Mozartian
phrases, thus incorporating asymmetrical passages with an oxymoronically balanced contour," Koch
then apologises by stating that "as cumbrous as this is, no shorthand ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
All who prejudged Koch are now mourning over him. Back in the TARDIS, The Doctor admires
Koch's progressive ideology yet Charley muses on why she despises dissonance. Why is it that Koch
started out composing consonant and not dissonant music as a student? Was he terror–stricken,
mortified or disgusted with the disharmony? If so, why? "The terrorist we've just met has its
temporal echoes throughout space, Charley, thus installing am instinctive prejudice against its food
– dissonance. Consonance will enjoy artificial reign over dissonance for eternity; it will be the most
preferred sonorous clash. But in reality, they had both been conceived as equals. This ever–
permeating process occurs in several bi–entities throughout the universe: man and woman, black
and white, night and day, matter and antimatter...you name it," elucidates the

Ficial Metro : Last Light Soundtrack
The official Metro: Last Light soundtrack was composed by Ukraine composer Alexey Omelchuk.
Omelchuk is famous for composing music for video games such as Alexander, Cossacks II:
Napoleonic Wars, Heroes of Annihilated Empires, S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Clear Sky, S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Call
of Pripyat, Metro 2033 and most recently Metro: Last Light. He was working with GSC Game
World, and after the company was dissolved in 2011, he went to worked one of its successor 4A
Games. The original soundtrack for Metro: Last Light with 64 tracks, more that 2 and a half hour of
music was released by 'Sumthing Else Music Works ' in 2013.
The majority of the music is orchestral–based with electronic elements, as well as dark ambient,
electro rock (These tracks ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
So the music is trying to mimic this, with a lots of metaphor, and parallel ideas. For instance one of
the main instrument the composer uses the most, is the acoustic/electronic guitar (the main/solo
instrument of the main theme is the guitar as well), as the guitar is the most important thing of the
people in the Metro (we could see a lot of guitar in the Metro game 's spiritual successor the
S.T.A.L.K.E.R. series, the guitar soon became the symbol of hope, in both series.)
In term of melody, the whole soundtrack offers us, a big selection of different melodies, which are
heavily influenced by the main theme. We can put it that way, most of the track, are heavily
influenced by the main theme, making a huge 'idée fixe ' motif–chain. The 'idée fixe ', is a leitmotif
kind of thing, but also very different from it. The leitmotif was basically invented by Richard
Wagner (1813– 1883) during the composition of 'The Ring ' tetralogy, as he was using motifs for
every person, object, feeling creating a huge composition of melodies connected to each other, under
the concept of the 'Endless Melody ' (This concept was invented by Wagner during the composition
of 'Tannhäuser ', the basic idea was to create a new opera–standard, not using the aria–recitativo,
structure, instead there are no dividing line at each area,

Missa Caput Cantus Firmus
Upon studying the Missa Caput, thought to be composed by Guillaume Dufay but will remain as
"Anonymous", one can classify it as a cantus firmus mass. Both the Anonymous composer of the
Missae Caput and composer Jacob Obrecht utilize the "Caput" section of Venit Ad Petrum as the
cantus firmus and basis for the Sanctus sections of their mass compositions. Anonymous' mass
threads consonant sonorities in and out of each vocal line; a trend set by the influence of the English
and their "Contenance angloise" In J. Peter Burkholder's History of Western Music, he writes, "It
consisted especially in the frequent use of harmonic thirds and sixths, often in parallel motion,
resulting in pervasive consonance with few dissonances" (Burkholder 167). The ... Show more
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While Anonymous' mass uses the original pitches for the caput melisma, Obrecht transposes them
up a fourth and assigns the contra voice the cantus firmus. The transposition and reassignment
allows for the tenor line to add different colors through accidentals, while maintaining the basic
function of the cantus firmus. Additionally, these techniques bring out rhythmic motifs found
throughout the Sanctus through a different balance of pitch. A different texture is perceived if the
tenor line can complement the cantus firmus rather than be it completely. Unlike Anonymous' mass,
Obrecht's mass contains obvious rhythmic imitation. The use of dotted quarter notes which are
almost always preceded by eighth note or sixteenth note melismatic rhythms is prevalent throughout
and allows for a cohesive mental processing of it's many homophonic rhythms as a contrast.
Obrecht's application of imitation tricks the listener into confusion, only to then bring back
homophonic texture to seemingly create a distinction between cacophony and harmony. While
Anonymous' mass adopts parallel motion counterpoint to weave the lines away from each other and
back together again, Obrecht makes his lines less rhythmically uniform. The lessening of rhythmic
uniform maintains tonal–like gravity to the cantus firmus. The pitches often create consonance,
quickly deviate away to form a new tonality, only to find themselves returning to thirds and sixths.
The entrance of the caput cantus firmus outlines a major triad exactly as it is in the anonymous
mass; however, the chord is reminiscent to C Major as the cantus firmus sings an E . Both
composers use the beginning pitch of their cantus firmi as the third of the triads much before the true
age of tonality. This could be a considerable instance of the origins and evolution of tonality through
music

Cognitive Dissonance In Early Childhood Education
Cognitive dissonance is the internal state that arises when either an attitude and behavior or two
attitudes conflict. The resulting psychological discomfort remains until subjects can reach
consonance between the two. They reach consonance by changing an attitude, rationalizing a
behavior, or undervaluing the importance of the discrepant attitude. Balcetis & Dunning (2007)
investigated whether cognitive dissonance influenced subjects' visual perception of natural
environments. In two judgment tasks, the researchers manipulated the degree to which subjects felt
that they had freely chosen to participate in an aversive task. Those in the first study donned a
Carmen Miranda costume and walked the length of a school courtyard, while subjects in the second
study used a skateboard to push themselves uphill. High–choice subjects experienced more
dissonance than did their low–choice and control condition counterparts. In the ... Show more
One could induce cognitive dissonance to alter elementary school children's perception of the
external world–specifically, of their classrooms. With these studies in mind, I propose that teachers
employ the free choice paradigm to compel students to complete tedious classroom chores. They
could create small lists of chores for each student, and then allow the student to choose a task from
that list to complete. Student would develop dissonance from the discrepancy between the
presumably unpleasant nature of the chores and the belief that they had freely chosen to participate.
They would then reduce this dissonance by misperceiving the chore's aversive nature. For example,
the child cleaning up Legos might view the mess as smaller than it actually is, while the child
putting away picture books might report there being are fewer books to gather than in reality. Such a
procedure would make classroom cleanup an easier ordeal for both students and

What Is The Mood Of The Nutcracker By Tchaikovsky
Many artists created and performed music during the period of Romanticism in Europe. Artists
during this period masterfully combined multiple musical components to create memorable pieces
that they delivered to the public through performances. The artists combined musical components
such as form, texture, tempo, melodic range, articulation, dynamic(s), and timbre to create an
enjoyable musical experience. By utilizing all of the different musical components, composers
created timeless pieces that attracted large crowds of commoners as well as noble and royal families.
Tchaikovsky was a musical composer that stood out from the rest of the musical composers during
the Romantic period. According to Biography,com, Tchaikovsky was born Pyotr Iiyich ... Show
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He was actually commissioned by a choreographer named Marius Petipa. According to Betsy
Schwarm in an article called 'The Nutcracker' from the Encyclopædia Britannica, the Nutcracker
was inspired by and based off of a story called 'The Nutcracker and Mouse King', by E.T.A.
Hoffman. When Tchaikovsky started to compose the Nutcracker, he did so without much vigor.
Tchaikovsky believed that the Nutcracker was not a very good piece and he frequently compared the
quality with his earlier ballet called Sleeping Beauty. The Nutcracker was finished in the year 1892
and parts of the ballet were performed in December of the same year. The ballet turned out to be a
failure the first time it was performed. Many of the viewers did not like the idea of the ballet and
thought that the costumes were tasteless and plain. Though the viewers did not enjoy the ballet,
Tchaikovsky reported that they enjoyed the orchestral part of the ballet. Perhaps why the viewers
enjoyed the orchestral part of the ballet more than the choreographed part is because of the musical
components that Tchaikovsky combined to make the music enjoyable for the listeners. The
Nutcracker is a ballet composed of two acts. The first act is called the Stahlbaum home and the
second at is called the Land of Sweets, each act with their own set of special ballet characters that
are supposed to preform. The acts also have their own synopsis as well as their own scripts.
Throughout the whole ballet the composer notably made use of tempo, texture, consonance,
dissonance, dynamics, articulation, form, and

Leon Festinger's Report
Leon Festinger constructed experiments to test his theory of "irreconcilable ideas." Leon was
curious of how humans would react if prophecy failed. In his first experiment, Festinger organized
multiple cohorts to pose as a believer into a cult that was convinced a flood would take over their
homes.The cult believed a spaceship would come to their rescue on December 21. Members sold
homes, quit jobs, and even left others behind. However, no bizarre rains touched down that night.
"What Festinger found, in his infiltration of the cult and in his reading of the history, was that it is
precisely when a belief is disconfirmed that religious groups begin proselytize, a sort of desperate
defense mechanism"(Slater 116). This particular observation led

Cognitive Dissonance
Isaac Petersen
5/23/13
Honors Psych
Cognitive dissonance theory has been around since the late fifties. It has inspired many
psychologists to figure out the murky depths of people's minds. The theory relates strongly to
decision making, social phenomenons and mental angst. Many paradigms exist within cognitive
dissonance. Two important paradigms are the Belief Disconfirmation paradigm and the Free Choice
paradigm. There are several experiments that have been studied that relate to cognitive dissonance,
including the boring tasks experiment. The person who coined the phrase cognitive dissonance is the
famous Leon Festinger, and he studied it inside and out. Cognitive dissonance is one of the most
important topics ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This questions whether or not dissonance arises when people are highly rewarded for tasks that they
did not want to do, and what the magnitude of dissonance is when given different levels of reward.
This experiment had three groups. One was the control group that did not get payed (rewarded) for
their task. The second group was paid one dollar to do the task, and the third group got twenty
dollars to do the task. The subjects were then asked to conclude how the procedure went (not
boring/boring). The group that was paid twenty dollars said the task was not boring, but the group
that got paid one dollar said it was. This shows that people who receive great amounts of external
justification say that the task was not boring because of the small amount of dissonance that arose
from being paid a lot. The one dollar group was on the fence about how boring the task was because
they received external justification, yet not enough to counteract the dissonance that arose (Metin).
The man who coined the phrase cognitive dissonance was the famous Leon Festinger. He was born
in Brooklyn, New York, May 8th, 1919 (Schachter). He went to an all boys' high school, then went
to the University of Iowa where he worked with Kurt Lewin, a Gestalt theorist and psychologist
(Schachter). He worked with Lewin for many years throughout working with Lewin, Festinger
shifted to social psychology. After Festinger graduated, he worked as

Understanding the Realtion Between Math and Music Essay
Math and Music: An Introduction and Mathematical Analysis
Galileo Galilei once said that the entire universe is "written in the language of mathematics". Then,
it is not surprising to learn that music is closely related to math. The mathematical application in
music will be discussed in this essay.
Rhythm and Frequency To understand the relation between math and music, the primary step is to
study the nature of rhythm, frequency and amplitude. Everything around us has its own pattern of
rhythm, from the motion of protons and neutrons, to the beats in rock music. According to Garland
(1995), rhythm is determined by the periodicity of vibration of certain object in its surrounding
substance, or medium (p. 28). The vibration is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Amplitude refers to the distance from crest or trough of the wave to its equilibrium position.
Garland (1995) stated, frequency is a term that describes the number of waves, or vibrations, that
pass a given point per second (p. 28). It is inversely proportional to the wavelength, which is the
distance of one wave cycle. Frequency can be evaluated in the pitch of a tone: a higher pitch has a
higher frequency. A simple tone has constant frequency and amplitude, and its graph is similar to a
sine curve. Tones that are more complicated result from combinations of several simple curves. The
smallest pure tone frequency in complex tunes is called fundamental frequency. Integer multiples of
the fundamental frequency make the resultant tone musical.
The graph below shows the frequency data from A3 to A4 key. Note that A4 key has twice as much
frequency as A3 key, because any two keys that are one octave apart have the frequency ratio of 2:1.
Further inspection shows that two adjacent notes are in the ratio of 1.059...
For example:
Freq. of A#3 / freq. of A3 = 233.1 Hz / 220 Hz = 1.059...
Freq. of C4 / freq. of B3 = 261.6 Hz/ 246.9 Hz = 1.059...
Freq. of G4 / freq. of F#4 = 392.0 Hz / 370.0 Hz = 1.059...
The examples show that the frequency of any note is a product of the frequency of the adjacent note
before it and the constant number 1.059.
Proof:
Let an octave start from key A. The ratio of frequency between adjacent keys is h.
Then,

The Role Of Cognitive Dissonance In Society
In such a vast world of creation choices and opposites the topic of cognitive dissonance is all but
inevitable. From its pure form and early research too its expanded and evolved form in present day it
has always been prevalent. In this paper i plan on evaluating this mindset and finding not only ways
to solve this problem but its importance in society since its discovery.
Cognitive dissonance is the concept of two opposed ideas that cause either a change in one's life
beliefs or morals. This refers to a situation involving conflicting attitudes, beliefs or behaviors. This
produces a feeling of discomfort leading to a change in one of the attitudes beliefs or actions to
reduce the discomfort and restore balance. For example, when people smoke (behavior) and they
know that smoking causes cancer (cognition), they are in a state of cognitive dissonance. This
concept of cognitive dissonance can expand to a much deeper sense. From people's everyday habits
and changes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While fringe members were more inclined to recognize that they had made fools of themselves and
to "put it down to experience," committed members were more likely to re–interpret the evidence to
show that they were right all along (the earth was not destroyed because of the faithfulness of the
cult members). Festinger's (1957) cognitive dissonance theory suggests that we have an inner drive
to hold all our attitudes and behavior in harmony and avoid disharmony (or dissonance). This is
known as the principle of cognitive consistency. When there is an inconsistency between attitudes or
behaviors (dissonance), something must change to eliminate the

How To Manipulate Cognitive Dissonance
If one is trying to pull a thought or feeling in closer, or push it away, they may be attempting to
manipulate their cognitive dissonance. If one knows that they are not happy with their actions, they
can dilute that feeling of cognitive dissonance by decreasing the negative or enhancing the positive
attitudes about it (Smith & Mackie, n.d.). One might be a smoker for instance, and know that
smoking is bad for them, but continue smoking anyway. A perception of a clash of unsuitable
elements is a way to describe the way one feels when their actions and beliefs are at odds (McLeod,
2014). So, if one is unhappy about the things they do because they do not match what they think
they should do, they will be said to be experiencing cognitive dissonance.

The Abuse Of Methamphetamine : Fear And Drive Reduction...
According to "Persuasion, Reception and Responsibility," by J. Scudder, Montana has had a serious
drug addiction problem. Not just any drug, but a heavy, highly addictive, laboratory engineered
chemical, known as methamphetamine (meth). Scudder states that over half their population was on
meth. The addiction of meth did not discriminate based on age or on the user. Young teens were
using meth. The drug abuse literally destroyed their lives and the community. The rate of children in
foster care rose drastically because meth destroyed families and made everyday interactions
unbearable.
In this paper, we will address three strategies to combat the abuse of meth: Fear and Drive
Reduction model, Disruption by shock tactics and Cognitive Dissonance strategy. We will see these
methods in use campaign against and increase awareness of the ail effects of meth in order to get
people serious about this epidemic has ravaged Montana. Fear and Drive Reduction model is a way
to persuade you to think and feel about a situation. The use of fear is to get you to listen or pay
attention to a situation you are in. The Reduction is centralized on the pleasure–pain principle. You
are attracted to a rewarding situation and seek to eliminate an uncomfortable situation. If your mom
yelled at you for having bad grades in school, you will do anything to get out of the situation and to
not feel fear or a presupposed threat.
Disruption by Shock Tactics is a strategy used to get people to know

Abou Dynamics In You Owe Me By The Chainsmokers
Music has always been an important element in my life. As I look back, I have always loved singing
and playing instruments. During my high school years, I participated in marching band, concert
band, and show choir. When I was in elementary school I learned how to play the piano and in 6th
grade I joined the school band to learn to play the flute. I continued playing the flute in middle
school and into high school. In 4th grade I joined the school choir and continued that through high
school as well. In high school, I spent a lot more time in show choir than I did in band due to
scheduling and personal interest.
Currently, I listen to a lot of Electronic Dance Music (EDM) and Pop music daily. I don't watch
musicals on TV but the high school I attended puts on a musical every March and I usually attend
that musical performance. My favorite song right now is "You Owe Me" by the Chainsmokers. In
this essay, I will be talking ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Dynamics are labeled throughout musical pieces and are normally changed through the use of
crescendos and decrescendos. Performing the dynamic changes in a performance was a key aspect
in the judges scoring. Rhythm is the flow of music consisting of beat, meter and tempo. During
performances, sometimes we would have issues speeding up the tempo of a song. This was mainly
due to nerves. One of the directors I had throughout school would always say sarcastically "Oh, so
loud means fast, right?", implying that every time we performed a song that had a forte marking, we
would speed up the song. This happens because we associate fast songs with a lot of energy and
excitement and therefore we would get louder, which is not always correct. Harmony is the way
chords are constructed and they either build tension in dissonance or are stable through consonance.
A dissonance has a resolution when it moves to a consonance, which is normally relieving when it is

Piano Critique
The piece opens very quickly, with a quickening of the cello but it is suddenly interrupted with the
piano in a deep key. The opening part of the piece has a significant amount of dissonance, bringing a
sense of anxiety and desire for the piece to end. As it rises, the listener is both anxious for an ending
and a resolution. The piano is this ending. The piece then picks up in a minor key, entering a more
mystical and quiet place. The piano takes precedence with the cello sitting in the background yet
when the listener thinks the pieces will be piano heavy, the cello takes over the piano withdraws to
the background. The deep vibratos of the cello are contrasted with the light single key of the piano.
This leads the listener to associate the cello with a lament and the piano for hope. The piano always
closes the movement with a deep, somber key, suggesting that though hope is out there, there is still
an air of sadness, of melancholy. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When the cello stops, the listener is thrown into a state of tranquility. There is less stimuli and the
sense of anticipation is halted. The return of the cello marks the lament but this time it is in
consonance with the piano, creating a unified piece. The piece, I believe remains in minor the entire
time, which adds to the feeling of despair. Another feature which adds to this despair (dissonance
and minor key) is the presence of commas. Not only does the listen hope for something, that is the
resolution, it never truly

The New Orleans Jazz And Music
I got the chance to attend the Jazzy Stars late concert at the Acme Lounge in the Arts and
Entertainment district in Miami, Florida. The band that performed was called Lemon City Trio.
Lemon City Trio has three bands members that go by the names Brian Robertson, Nick Tannura, and
Aaron Glueckauf. The jazz concert consisted of two sets of ten songs that lasted for about two hours.
Brian Robertson played the organ, Nick Tannura played guitar, and Aaron Glueckauf played drums.
This was the first live concert of any genre that I got to attend.
The Lemon City Trio sound consists of funk, jazz, R&B, and hip–hop meshed together. I could
connect to their music because their music included genre sounds that I listen to on an everyday
basis. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The last cover was a song by Al Green called "I'm Still in Love With You". The dynamics for this
song was interesting to me. They alternated from crescendos and decrescendos throughout this song,
which made the song a little bit more interesting. Everyone had a solo in this song. The organ
player's solo was the best one to me because he played so fast at times even though the tempo of this
song was mostly slow. This was my least favorite song of the set because I felt as though this song
had more minor keys than major keys.
The remaining songs in the concerts were original songs that the band wrote and songs that were
coming out on their debut EP. The first original song played was the song "Same Old Thing". This
song had a polyphonic texture between the guitar and the piano and had a fast tempo. One of the
motifs in this song was very catchy and was repeated a couple times. This song was short and had a
steady rhythm. The dynamics of this song were good because the tones were not too soft or too loud.
The melody had a bright and warm mood that matched the atmosphere of the club. All the
instruments blended beautifully which resulted in a great harmony. I felt like the drumming on this
song made the song complete.
The timbre in the song "Flying Free" was bright and had a smooth flow. I liked how the melody
repeated a couple times in this song. The guitar solo in this

What Is Festinger's Theory Of Cognitive Dissonance?
"Your best friend is having a beer bash tonight. Everyone you talk to indicated their positive
intentions of going to the best beer bash of the millennium. However, you have a Psyc 135 final next
morning that you haven't studied for. Your midterm scores have been low going into the final, but
everyone claims that the final is easy every semester. Should you stay home and study for the final
or go to this millennium beer bash and merrily consume alcohol?"
Above stated scenario raises several questions in my mind and lands me in a state of psychological
tension. Having a choice of attending a social event or studying for the final exam puts me in a
dilemma as to what to do next. Deciding to stay home and study for a test may very well anger ...
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One decision is to stay abstinent from alcohol or follow in the footsteps of my beer bash friends.
Prescribing to any of the alternatives may lead to dissonance as drinking may deteriorate health and
cause lower grades, while not attending the beer bash may give my best friend and peers a sense of
their rejection.
What happens to people when they discover dissonant cognitions? The answer to this question
forms the postulation of Festinger's theory. Festinger's theory of Cognitive Dissonance postulates
that individuals, when presented with evidence contrary to their worldview or situations in which
they must behave contrary to their worldview, experience cognitive dissonance (Festinger, 1957).
Dissonance can be simply understood as an "unpleasant state of tension." A person who has
dissonant or discrepant cognitions is said to be in a state of psychological dissonance, which is
experienced as unpleasant psychological tension (Berkowitz & Cotton, 1984). This tension
state has drive–like properties that are much like those of hunger and thirst. When an individual has
been deprived of food for several hours, he/she experiences unpleasant tension and is driven to
reduce the unpleasant tension state that results (Berkowitz & Cotton, 1984).
The general sequence of a psychological tension is as follows, (a) conflict, (b)

The Four Seasons Analysis
Vivaldi crossed over any barrier amongst words and verse and music by introducing every
development with a piece and mirroring these states of mind with particular melodic subjects and
thoughts. He utilized both exacting interpretations of thoughts to music, for example, pizzicato to
demonstrate raindrops and impersonations of winged creature calls and more allegorical
interpretations, for example, cacophony to indicate icy present in winter and quick scales that depict
twirling winds.[22] These strategies enabled the audience members to feel just as they were
encountering nature through Vivaldi's musicality. It was this inclination that enabled the concerto to
genuinely become animated straight from the strings of the violins, and maybe this is the reason that
groups of onlookers even today have experienced passionate feelings for "The Four Seasons".
Vivaldi's music was exceptionally noteworthy in light of the fact that he instructed a lot of youthful
understudies who utilized his procedures later and promoted them, his ideas of musicality are as yet
utilized by numerous authors today, ritornello is as yet utilized as a part of concertos, and his music
started to cross over any barrier amongst Baroque and Romantic music because of his amazingly
automatic concertos. Without his work at La Pietà, he in all probability would not have been so
roused to make such an astonishing number of concertos. Moreover, his work allowed him the
chance to instruct the youth of Italy,

Musical Infant Development
My reaction to the musical infant and their musical abilities is that in spite of the studies already
made, still there are unresolved questions. One issue in discussion for example is if an infant can
hear in the womb. Indeed, even in the womb there is proof that babies react to a wide range of
sound. Medical studies have concluded that a fetus can hear from the third semester. In a 1980
testing Anthony J. De Casper and William P. Fifer found that some rudimentary cognition starts at
this point and a close connection with the mother as well.
Besides, the inclination that infants have for music have a hereditary component and an additional
environmental factor (Trehub, 2001). There are behaviors present in the baby that demonstrate that
they are not inactive audience members, they deliver their own particular coordinated sounds
moving head and limbs in light of specific sounds. This is particularly genuine when there is
communication with ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The similarities, assuming any, between the two are that both are sound–related and musical to some
degree. Both language and music have rules that must be followed in order to make musical and
communicative thoughts understandable to others. Researchers explain that in both music and in
discourse patterns there are two components that work together – rhythm and pitch. There is an
association then in the minds of numerous individuals that there is prosody in speech (a
characteristic ascent and fall of the voice and rhythmic qualities). This is like components in music.
As per Jusczyk and Hohne, "The latter half of the infant's first year is a critical point in acquiring a
language" (p. 1984).The infant needs to perceive the speech of people around them, picking up
patterns and sort out them in a manner that it makes sense and can be retrieved. Finally, infants
should be translators of what they listen, so that when they are capable, they can express and

Concert Report : Concert At Hostel Pangea
Concert Report #1 Last Saturday I attended a small concert in Tijuana, Mexico. I went to a Jaeng
Band concert at Hostel Pangea. Hostel Pangea is a small coffee and bar place located in Tijuana. It
hosts events and workshops for all ages. It was not what I expected, since it was my first time in a
punk/rock concert. I actually thought I would feel very uncomfortable and out of place, but not, it
was a very friendly place, and all the people there were very nice and outgoing. It was a great
experience and I like the music style. Since it was a small concert, I had the opportunity to talk to
one of the members of the band, Josh. He was very friendly and approachable, I asked him some
questions, and he didn't have any problem responding them. Jaeng Band is a punk/ rock band, and it
was founded in Olympia, Washington on August 2015. The band has 5 members, Tannrr, Meg, Jake,
Josh, and Kaveh. As Josh said "Jake and I wanted to play raw mangled d– beat, but there was a
severe shortage of that in Olympia. So, even though, they are an American band, they always try to
look for places around the world to play their music, and succeed not only in the United States. Last
week, they performed in Tijuana, Mexico. They had performed in Mexico many times, to be able to
do this, they look for music promoters. Music promoters are in charge of pick them up at the airport,
take them to the hotel, and look for a place in which they will perform. Once they have set up the
date, and the place

Fear And Drive Promotion Argument Analysis
In Montana they had a serious problem where more that have they population is on meth. They have
young teens doing meth and it was destroying their lives and the community. High rate of kids were
in foster care because meth destroy their families. In this paper we will see Fear and Drive
Reduction model, Disruption by shock tactics and Cognitive Dissonance strategy. We will see these
methods all at use in the campaign against meth in order to get people serious about this epidemic
that was happening in Montana.
Fear and Drive Reduction model is a way to persuade you to think and feel about a situation. The
use of fear is to get you to listen or pay attention to a situation you are in. The Reduction is more of
pleasure–pain principle. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It was so extreme and a shock to be able to see that on air and it made you upset that they are
showing this and it violate your feelings.
Cognitive Dissonance strategy is use to enforce our feelings about a situation. In the Montana
campaign against meth they use this strategy by the Fear and Drive reduction and shock tactics
getting people to feel uncomfortable with the shocking graphics and fear. Repeated exposure of
these and according to mere exposure the more we are expose to this ad we favor not to try meth at
all. You become scared straight to never try meth not even once.
Another theory Maslow's Hierarchy of needs the basic needs of safety, belongingness, love, esteem
needs. I feel this is a part of the problem in Montana if you have kids growing up with everyone
around them on meth. It becomes the norms to them so when they get older they do meth. Also their
parents are doing meth so it's in their home and everyday life. So it becomes easy for them to do
becomes it make them feel love, and belongingness because everyone is doing

Antonio Lucio Vivaldi Four Seasons Essay
Antonio Lucio Vivaldi was a great composer who was born March 4th, 1678 and later died July
28th, 1741. He was an Italian composer and very talented violinist who "left his mark", as one
would say, on concerto forms and the styles of the late Baroque period. He composed well over 500
pieces during his magnificent career. The Four Seasons was composed in 1723 and is one of his
most famous works for the violin. There are four concertos, which matches up with the fact that
there are four seasons. His inspiration for this music came from when Vivaldi was inspired by
Marco Ricci's painting of all four seasons. This specific type of concerto brings the story of the
seasons to life. The orchestra performing this concert is the Berlin Philharmonic ... Show more
4 in F minor named "winter" lasts about thirteen minutes and is separated into three movements. The
first movement is called Allegro non molto, the second is largo, and the third is allegro. This piece is
distinguished pretty much based on the extremely high pitched strings being plucked in total
rhythm. According to the composer, this is similar to that of icy rain and mere cold. The first
movement, allegro non molto starts out with a low–pitched dissonance sound that is then altered
with every beckoning beat that eventually builds up to a crescendo sound. The violinist starts out
playing the instrument violently and there is an orchestral accompaniment to follow. The violinist
plays allegro, very fast. The violinist is playing solo as the orchestra is heard often throughout the
movement too. Often times, the soloist will interrupt the orchestra almost while they are playing
their beats. I counted about eight beats for this movement, and for about half, they are interrupted.
The texture and harmony of the orchestra is held constant as there is a ground bass which evens
everything out and helps to continually subdue the beat. One instrument, I think the cello, clashes
with the bass and this helps to make the rhythm stay in

Meredith Monk Minimalism
David Carrillo TA: Joshua Bauder
Meredith Monk, "Early Morning Melody"
"Early Morning Melody" by Meredith Monk is a song with many minimalistic aspects. Repetition
and isolation of the human voice are two examples of it. (26 words)
The short song "Early Morning Melody" by Meredith Monk has a beautiful melody that repeats four
times with the third time having one different note. The repetition of this melody ironically does not
feel redundant, as the listener is likely to have mental pictures on how they interpret the song. For
example, thinking of how someone would really sing this for an early morning activity, like taking a
shower or cooking. Another image that may come to the listener's mind could be a much sadder
scene: perhaps a song for a funeral, or how the use of repetition could simbolize a lack of direction.
(105 words) ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
While some believe the correct use of minimalism has some of the most profound and powerful
ways of communicating a message or a mental image, others find it too abstract, simplistic or even
boring. The short piece "Early Morning Melody" by the American composer, Meredith Monk,
utilizes minimalistic tools to evoke many emotions and reactions from the listeners. The use of a
solo voice and repetition of a simple, yet touching melody are two examples of how the minimalism
is displayed. The melody is repeated a total of four times and only the third has a small difference,
so minuscule that it is literally just one note that is different. It should also be noted that the unique
note could even be in the same harmonic progression of the passage. This is clearly done on purpose
and, as explained earlier, leads to as many interpretations as the amount of people listening to

The Noise Of Sound Waves Through Instruments And How The...
Introduction
Music takes up a large part of our lives, most people listen to it almost every day. It is one of the
only medians between People from completely different walks of life, connecting us all through
major symphonies or just beautifully simple chords. Though many people enjoy the emotion filled
sound that travel to their eardrums, most do not know exactly why. People also do not know why
they dislike some musical sounds. I am very curious as to why there are melodies considered good
or bad. Just as most people, I listen to music on the daily basis. I am also invested in learning how to
play the electric guitar which influences my interest in this topic greatly. I want to find out why
exactly different chords are considered either harmonic or discordant by looking into the consonance
and dissonance in music. In my research on this topic, I will focus mainly on the emission of sound
waves through instruments and how the notes come together. Sound travels as a transverse wave
which means it takes the same shape as sine waves, in mathematics. These waves are used to
produce different volume, frequencies, and timbre in instruments. In music, sound waves have
different frequencies which change the in pitch of notes, and different amplitudes, which change the
volume of notes.
Since I will be focusing on the changing of frequencies in notes, I will represent these changes by
modeling different chords, and notes by using sine waves. This will allow me to demonstrate how

Move Your Feet By Junior Senior: Song Analysis
Nostalgic Consonance
Music, for generations, has influenced everyone's lives in some way. Friends may turn to recent
dance songs to get them motivated, or family will turn on a familiar tune during a road trip. These
road trip songs are unique due to the connection the song will have with the people in the car.
Everyone in my family has their own song. My road trip song is the early 2000s dance hit Move
Your Feet, by Junior Senior. This track is close to me due to the balance between its charming
chorus, catchy beat, and nostalgic value. By listening to the song so many times, it has reminded me
how family bonds can easily form around music.
The track eases the listener in by starting off very quiet, as if one is hearing it from a distance. ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One might discern that the simple melody is nice, but becomes boring after a few repetitions. On the
other hand, a child could hear this same simple melody without being bored. As children tend to
listen to these simple melodies more often, those same melodies become nostalgic later in life. Some
studies Levitin has made has shown that people's "musical preferences are also influenced by what
[they've] experienced before, and whether the outcome of that experience was positive or negative."
(Levitin 242) These studies have merit as I am a prime example. Move Your Feet has been a favorite
of mine since a young age and the nostalgia I hold for the song has affected my taste in music as a
whole today. The nostalgia this song brings forth for me is mainly from when my sisters and I used
to play a video game named Dance Dance Revolution. The game included a huge selection of music
in which the player would dance and earn points based on how accurately timed the movements
were. One might extrapolate which song was my personal favorite. Therefore, Move Your Feet has
always been known as "my song" between my sisters and I. After reading British neurologist,
naturalist, and author, Oliver Sack's article "Music on the Brain: Imagery and Imagination," I
realized that the concept of "musical imagery" exemplifies what I feel when I think of Dance Dance
Revolution. He described musical imagery as "intense and repeated exposure to a particular piece or
sort of music." (Sacks 37) I possess such an exposure to the song due to the quotidian nature of my
gaming habits. Consequently, whenever Dance Dance Revolution comes to mind, I immediately
think of Move Your Feet by Junior Senior. Additionally, at my sister's wedding, she played this song
on the dance floor. Ergo, whenever I think about that time, this song plays in my

Analysis Of The Poem ' The Thou Wilt Despatch Me '
Thomas Weelkes (c 1576–1623) was an Organist and a composer. He studied music at Oxford, and
eventually secured positions as an organist at Winchester College then Chichester Cathedral as a
choirmaster. Weelkes was a daring composer, using many dissonances amongst five voices and
varying rhythms tremendously. Nevertheless, he garnered significant success during his time and
wrote some of the best English madrigals. One of his most known pieces, O Care, thou wilt despatch
me is an interesting literary work as it has numerous contrasting lines. The primary lines express a
melancholic mood, but is juxtaposed with the gleeful phrase "Fa la la". Weelkes emulates this the
poem's tone through the use of word painting throughout the music.
O ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first is evident in m. 3, when the bass, tenor, and alto sing "Care", and a c seventh diminished
chord is sung. It then breaks off, and is resolved into a B major chord. Nevertheless, dissonance is
portrayed in this word again when the soprano joins in at m. 7 and an augmented c triad is sung.
This is significant in delineating the sadness of the piece. This first section continues with this
technique, oscillating between dissonance and consonance. A highly consonant area is in the
following section starting at m. 15, rightfully expressing the joy that music can bring. In m. 23, there
is a dissonance for a one beat duration before the piece returns to the melancholic text. A dissonance
is heard again in a c diminished chord between the top three parts in m. 26 in the word "deadly",
bringing back the text's tension. The dissonances become less prevalent as the piece moves into the
next section discussing happiness. Properly, the first part ends on a major chord, providing an
uplifting end and supporting the triumphant mood the text brings.
The beginning of the piece, mm1–14, has longer rhythms in which notes mainly fluctuate between
half note or whole note values. The only occurrence of textual and rhythmic alignment is in mm 4–5
between the bass and alto in the word "despatch". So not only do these long notes emphasize the
melancholic mood of the text, but so does the

The Vaccine War Essay
Through the rise of technological advances in medicine, the vaccine has changed the world for the
greater good of the human race. Making a great triumph and virtually eliminating an array of life–
threatening diseases, from smallpox to diphtheria, thus adding approximately thirty years to many
humans' life spans. Although, a new complication has arisen, possibly linking neurological
digression with this rise of new vaccines. Such a digression has forced parents to exempt their
children from receiving vaccinations and brought forth mental anguish affecting the minds of many.
In the Frontline episode The Vaccine War, a progressively distressful debate ensues among many
scientists and doctors within the public health system and an ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In addition, several celebrities make an appearance to illustrate their views on this matter.
Celebrities such as former Playboy Playmate Jenny McCarthy and companion Jim Carrey as well as
an appearance from a Redskins cheerleader Desiree Jennings, all who claim there is a connection
between vaccines and neurological disorders. Though there is a vast amount of compelling data
from both sides of the spectrum this issue has yet to be resolved because the situation is very
complicated. Furthermore, the debate has escalated far beyond just the medical risks and benefits
but now has an ideological principle regarding a parent's decision and governmental confines.
Scientist Hank Jennings says, "They still want it to be a choice. They don't want it to be
compulsory" (Palfreman, 2010). Additionally, despite the scientific fact that vaccines are safe,
government rule regarding parental choice is another component increasing the fight against
vaccines. Throughout The Vaccine War, the particular theory exemplified on the human behavior is
Cognitive Dissonance Theory. Cognitive Dissonance Theory is a notion created by Leon Festinger
that disputes that dissonance is an awkward feeling that encourages people to take action to diminish
it. This theory is composed of two components: cognitions and cognitive dissonance. Cognitions are
defined as, "ways of knowing,

Cognitive Dissonance In The Freakonomics
"It is sobering to consider that each of us is only one person in a nation of millions (& a world of
billions), most of whom have opinions and prejudices no less firmly held than our own." As
products of human nature, while inexplicably diverse, futile and out of control, our species shares
certain similarities in the way we acquire our beliefs. As a whole, the conclusion of our beliefs is
incommensurable, vast and contradicting. The reason lies in the notion that we are slaves to human
nature and the human condition. And while we may all be victims of it, it plays no hindrance in our
individuality. Overall, people determine where their beliefs lie through the experiences that found
their human existence and the level in which they endure cognitive dissonance. Individuals rely on
the human experience to define not only their self–concept but their conviction. According to the
theory of mind, humans can only intuit the existence of their ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
In the Freakonomics study of how much names matter, we begin to understand that something as
simple as your name can affect your beliefs. This is evident on the basis that your name changes the
way in which people perceive you which in turn directly effects and influences your experiences.
The most blatant evidence of this is the cultural segregation that names can cultivate. If you are a
person with a Black name and this fact alone lowers your chances of being hired for a job, it is
exceedingly difficult for someone who must face this reality, to not hold negative beliefs toward the
group who is marginalizing them. Their experiences are consistently negative and therefore this
shines through in

AU Chamber Ensemble Critique
I attended Auburn University's AU Chamber Ensembles at The Goodwin Recital Hall on Monday,
November 14, 2016, that began at 7:30 p.m. The concert featured performances from Auburn
Bassoon Ensemble, Auburn Guitar Ensemble, Auburn Wind Quintet, Auburn String Trio, Nova
Saxophone Quartet, and Auburn Horn Ensemble. The ensemble lasted approximately 60 minutes
and offered a very gratifying listening experience. The audience dressed very casual but the AU
Chamber Ensemble performers wore all black. The stage was very simple though each ensemble had
a different number of performers so they changed the way they stood/sat down before each
ensemble.
The performers did exceptionally well in their representation of the music. It would be a blunder to
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The first piece they played was the "Sextet for Horns" which was created by Gregory Kerkorian.
Kerkorian is an American composer who wrote works for orchestra, concert band, chamber music
and educational work ("Gregory Kerkorian"). This piece consisted of a brass instrument the horn.
The piece starts with a very dissonance sound. They were very loud and played on a major scale.
There was a lot of harmonic tension between musicians they couldn't stay on key. The timbre was
very "brassy" and harsh with a conjunct melody. The song seemed to have a larghetto tempo
sounding very slow and sad. The piece also has a low pitch throughout the entire song.
The next piece played by the horn ensemble was the "Urlicht" which was written by Gustav Mahler.
Mahler was an Austrian late–Romantic composer, and one of the leading conductors of his
generation. He was born on July 7th, 1860 and died 1911. As a composer he acted as a bridge
between the 19th century Austro–German tradition and the modernism of the early 20th century.
("Gustav

Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Leon Festinger's cognitive dissonance theory fixates itself on how humans strive for internal
consistency. Cognitive dissonance means to describe the feelings of discomfort which is a result of
two conflicting beliefs or behaviour. The theory claims that people seek internal balance by
changing something in belief or behaviour in order to reduce the imbalance.
There are different forms of cognitive dissonance. For example, when someone makes one of the
dissonant factors less important: "Oh, one small bite doesn't matter". This is called
trivialisation/denial. You can also see that some people try to add new elements to their beliefs that
make the picture fit. This is called creating consonance and an example of it could be: "my friend
always ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
For example, people tend to watch to news shows that fit their political stance. In the US,
Republicans commonly watch news stations like Fox News, while Democrats typically watch NBC.
'Post–decision dissonance creates a need for reassurance' means that if people feel like they could've
made a mistake after making an important, close–call decision that is difficult to reverse. An
example of this could be seeing a commercial on tv for a great car after you've just bought another
car. You'll immediately try to reassure yourself by telling that your car is just as good/better than the
other.
Minimal justification hypothesis means that the best way to stimulate an attitude change in others is
to offer just enough motivation to evoke counter attitudinal behaviour. This can be explained based
on the "Would I lie for a dollar?" experiment. Researchers conducted a social experiment where
people were divided into two groups. The first group was asked to lie for $20, while the other group
got just $1. The first group generally thought that the task was boring, while the second group found
the tasks more

An Examination of Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory...
An Examination of Festinger's Cognitive Dissonance Theory and Notable Modifications
Sometimes the greatest test of a theory is its longevity. Over time, some theories will be disproved,
some will be modified, and some will become the basis for a whole new group of theories. Leon
Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance has stood up to challenge for over forty years, and is
considered by many to be the single most important theory of social psychology. Though there have
been modifications to the theory after many recreations and simulations of the original 1957
experiment, few have been able to really disqualify Festinger's findings. It would be safe to say that
many people don't even have a full grasp of the incredible ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
In conclusion, Festinger found that the subjects who were paid one dollar actually came to believe
that the experiment was enjoyable, as opposed to those who were paid twenty dollars. Incredible?
Simple. The subjects who were paid twenty dollars have all the justification in the world for their
actions, but the subjects who were only paid one dollar have reacted to the dissonance created by
telling the lie for such a small price, and have actually led themselves to believe that the task was
enjoyable to improve their self–esteem in regards to the lie.
Festinger concluded that over time dissonance would change attitudes. For example, cigarette
smokers know that it is unhealthy to smoke, but they created an attitude to justify why they continue
to smoke. If I quit smoking now, I will gain weight. I only smoke when I am drinking. I only smoke
after a meal. But the dissonance theory is applicable to much bigger social opinions than smoking,
for example: Aronson and Mills (1959) conducted an experiment in which some subjects were put
through a harsh period of hazing during initiation into a group while other subjects had to endure
only mild hazing. The end result was that the people who went through the sever initiation ended up
liking that group a lot better than those who went through mild hazing. Going against the
reinforcement theory (Aronson,

Analysis of Firebird by Stravinsky Essay
Analysis of Firebird by Stravinsky
Immediately we are introduced to the leitmotif, major and minor thirds, within a tritone. This returns
at bars 15 – 18 and at various other parts in the suite of which I will later elaborate. Within the
opening few bars the pizzicato and legato combined in the cello and bass section produces an
ominous opening to the work. The base drum roll and the murky off beat and horn entry at bar 5
makes it clear that it is evil magic. One of Stravinsky's traits that often appears is how he uses
tritones to represent evil magic, e.g. f# to C, shown in bars 11 and 12, and more simple harmony and
chord progressions, e.g. dominant 7ths and 9ths to show good magic which can bee ... Show more
The bars silence leaves the audience in suspense wondering whether or not Ivan has managed to
catch the Firebird, before a certain elegance added in the variations which has a waltz like lilt to it.
The high register, quick rhythms and simple harmony represent good magic and has an uplifting
feeling to it. The imagery is quite clear of a bird teasing Ivan mocking him as he can't quite catch
her. In bar 3, the tonality becomes less clear, and a whole tone scale is used, this is yet another of
Stravinsky's traits, he pushed these boundaries where other great composers were scared to use it.
Stravinsky uses the piccolo to represent the Firebird taking to flight; this can be seen in 2 bars before
figure 11. During the coda there is a feeling of speeding up without actually doing so. The flurry of
descending triplet semi–quavers could represent the Firebird falling slowly down, into Ivan's clutch.
Stravinsky's use of orchestra shows that Ivan finally manages to catch her in the pantomime.
(Pantomime used in the traditional sense, miming). The hand stopped horns in figure 20 represents
Ivan actually capturing the Firebird, there is a first inversion augmented 6th and tritones heard three
times during figure 20 this is the firebird trying to escape from Ivan's tight clutch. We hear once
again the original leitmotif in semi–quavers, retrograde inverted and simply retrograde.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory In The Late 1950's
Furthermore, Mike continues show his overbearing and disrespectfulness towards Becky. Mike
underestimates the ability of Becky based on her education background and working experience.
Besides, Mike expresses disrespectfulness by ridiculing Becky's appearance. Mike laughs at her
bangs ironically. Mike's irresponsible attitude and behavior make the ratings of the DayBreak show
drop drastically. Consequently, Becky is told that her morning show will be canceled. Figure 10:
Becky feels unpleasant because Mike personally attacks her. His attitude causes Becky to begin to
lose control and starts confront with Mike. Becky shouts out her disappointment loud because she
treats Mike as her idol previously. It is because of Becky feels disappointed ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Rokeach (1960) asserts that Belief Congruence Theory can be applied when whether there is a group
of people is having similar beliefs that will result in social harmony or a group of people that is
having different beliefs which conversely will bring to disharmony. In fact, this theory is one of the
theories of Prejudice. "Belief is more important than ethnic or racial membership as a determinant of
social discrimination" (Rokeach, 1960, p.135). In another word, this statement illustrates that belief
is a crucial element in resulting in cognitive dissonance or cognitive consonance. The scene above
shows Mike eventually accepts the beliefs that uphold by his colleagues and they then uphold the
similar beliefs which are the belief in the value of cooperation. At the beginning, Mike refuses to
cooperate with his team members because he has no belief in the value of cooperation. He then
rejects to obey to Becky's instruction, refuses to work with Colleen peacefully and does not willing
to follow the organization of the team. It is because he does not uphold the similar belief that others
had in order to increase the ratings of DayBreak. He does not treat the value of cooperation in a
work team seriously. Hence, conflicts happen frequently at the

Dynamic Shifts : Movie Analysis
Dynamic Shifts: Describe a significant element and explain its effect.
1. In the beginning of the film a quite melody plays behind the narrator's voice add she describes the
story of the gods and Perseus' birth, which adds to the story like ambiance of the scene. However,
once the scene jumpcuts to the beginning of the storyline where Perseus' adoptive father finds him
and his deceased mother in a casket, the music fades into silence. Thus, the ceasing of the music is
another element that is used by the directors and the editors to end one scene, the backstory, and
begin another scene.
2. As Perseus and his men begin to enter Medusa's lair, Perseus and Draco discuss Perseus' fate, as
the witches foretold that Perseus would die. However, Draco promises Perseus that they will survive
to the end. During this scene, the music is very upbeat, but slow. However, as the bloat inches closer
to Medusa's cave the music crescendos, and becomes louder. This technique conveys to the viewer
that Perseus and his men are approaching danger. As well, the crescendo in the movie serves as a
transition into the next scene, where they have entered Medusa's cave and possible death. The music
decrescendos as Perseus gives a short speech to the men, thanking them for accompanying him on
this journey. As a result, the rise and fall of the melody within the film can change to the overall
dynamic – the softer melody conveys the significance of Draco and Perseus conversation, and has
the same effect

This chapter focuses on the scientists Leon Festinger and his theory of cognitive dissonance.
Cognitive dissonance is when an individual adjusts their beliefs to fit with another person's actions.
Festinger performed multiple experiments to demonstrate cognitive dissonance. One of his
experiments involved a group of people who believed that the world was going to end due to a huge
flood on December 21st. 1954. Festinger infiltrated this group and pretended to be a believer of the
theory. This cult group was based on the end–of world messages from a god named Sananda, who
sent messages to the group leader Marion Keech. When the flood did not occur, instead of accepting
that their beliefs were wrong, many of the cult members tried to rationalize ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The student's who were paid $1 said the experiments, which were time consuming and boring, were
fun, while those that were paid $20 straight up told the truth and said the tasks were boring. The
students that were paid $20 experienced little dissonance, so they were honest in their responses.
However, those that were paid $1 had to justify spending a considerable amount of time doing
pointless tasks, so they said the tasks were enjoyable. Another experiment that Festinger completed
was where students were paid either $1 or $20 to perform certain tasks. When the students who were
paid one dollar were asked about the task, many replied saying that the task was fun. However, the
students who were paid $20 told the truth that the task was boring. The students who received $20
seemed to appear little dissonance, while the other students had to justify why they were doing a
mundane task for such a low price, so they said that the task was fun. From all of these experiments,
Festinger believed that "we spend our lives paying attention only to the information that is
consonant with our beliefs, we surround ourselves with people who will support our beliefs, and we
ignore contradictory information that might cause us to question what we have built"

Concert Critique
On Sunday night February 26, I went to the music center located at New Mexico State university to
the Atkinson recital hall to watch the North American Saxophone Alliance region conference
concert. The concert only consisted of saxophones and a few accompaniments first to the stage was
Jessica Maxfield who played alto saxophone accompanied by Hannah Crevistion on the piano. The
duo played accouple of movements from "Garden of Follies" composed by the Andrew Norman.
The first movement they played was "Spandrels", the tempo on this piece as soon as they start was a
very fast tempo and lot of accents marks. She goes on to play to play four more movements called
"Crossed Paths, Blue Mountains thoughts, Fourth Act and Regarding Crystals". All the move
moments she had played gave a more serious and suspenseful tone. The piano would play notes that
were very sharp dissonance notes throughout all the movements and the saxophone would bring it
more to a tonic sound but it's still very textural music, and lots of sharps played. ... Show more
Edward was playing "the Jane Set" composed by Daniel Asia in Four moments adding seriouso as
his last movement that's is not mentioned in the program. Texture in his music as like Jessica
Maxfield music selection. There was some dissonance but he there was more consonance to tonic
notes to help the resolution of some of the pieces the other 3 movements he has played from this set
was "Misteriso", "murmuring, ghostly, flexibility", "Vivace" as well as "Seriouso" that I had
mention early. Edward piece also have out the mysterious and creepy emotion appeal. Has you
could see once of the movement being "ghostly" so having different feel from a saxophone was a
different to

Dissonant Music
Music has been enjoyed for centuries by people of different cultures, languages, and religions. It is
used for general enjoyment, as an outlet for relaxation, and as an auditory distraction from the
stressors of daily living. There has been extensive research focusing on the various types and
attributes of music, and on the types of participants that researchers have studied. Dobbs, Furnham,
& McClelland (2010) found that music can be distracting to a person when they are trying to study
for an important exam. There has also been research that found that when the therapeutic values of
music are applied to those suffering from pain or disease, that music is very beneficial as it releases
endorphins and chemicals in the brain that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In our study, we want to find out if people perform better on a memory recall task when listening to
their preferred genre of music as opposed to their least preferred genre. We hypothesize that
participants who listen to their preferred music genre will remember more correct information about
what they read in the paragraphs condition as well as recall more words than those who receive the
nonpreferred music genre. We also believe that our silence group will do better than both the
preferred and non–preferred music

Cognitive Dissonance Theory Response Paper
Taylor Wood
COM–201
Response Paper 1: Cognitive Dissonance Theory
Life is full of uncomfortable situations. Whether it's 12:01 on December 21, 2012 or seconds before
a drop on a rollercoaster, we rationalize the situation to create a sense of equilibrium. Cognitive
Dissonance Theory explains why we experience the mental discomfort called dissonance that arises
from "inconsistent attitudes, thoughts, and behaviors" and how we take action or change our
thinking to alleviate the discomfort (West & Turner, 2014, pp. 110–111).
When humans have encounter situations that are consistent with what they are comfortable with
they experience consonance, or equilibrium (West & Turner, 2014, p. 111). This is the ultimate state
of content. Humans crave ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I was already anxious because of the large crowds and unnecessarily deafening music, however once
my roommates and I reached the solid block of dancing sweaty bodies, I began to rationalize the
point of my presence there. It had taken minimal justification, or "the least amount of incentive
necessary to obtain compliance" (West & Turner, 2014, p. 117) to get me there in the first place
since Bronco Fusion was my first real college experience. Not orientation, not welcome week, but
this concert was to be the start to the rest of my educational career. I normally utilize selective
exposure to certain types of people when it comes to social events, but I was paying selective
attention as to what my classmates were actually doing in this crowd during the stretch of time
between the opening and main act. So, fighting our way to the very middle didn't seem like a bad
decision. I was selectively interpreting the lingering stench of tobacco and other smoking
paraphernalia because it must have been from the surrounding area besides the crowd I was
currently in, since there were security guards at the entrance. The people towards the back of the
crowd were polite and allowed us through, so since I was using selective retention to forget any sort
of concert mentality ever I wasn't worried about the people we'd end up standing next to.
Unfortunately, my methods of

Dissonance Theory
cause that individual to change overall attitudes toward an object. An alternative to Rosenberg's
theory is Festinger's theory of cognitive dissonance. While Rosenberg's theory deals with affect and
cognition, Festinger's theory examines consistency among cognitive elements or beliefs about
oneself, behavior, or environment. Dissonance occurs when elements are logically inconsistent or
psychologically inconsistent because of cultural mores, specific opinions deviating from more
encompassing opinions, or information or experiences that are contrary to previous information or
experiences. Dissonance motivates the individual to reduce the dissonance and return to consonance.
When faced with dissonance, the individual seeks to avoid situations or information that may
increase dissonance. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Studies on counter–attitudinal advocacy are based on dissonance theory. Individuals who are asked
to write an essay or present a speech promoting a position contrary to their beliefs become
committed to certain aspects of the contrary position. This causes dissonance, which the individuals
attempt to reduce by changing their original position or attitude. The stronger the magnitude of the
dissonance, the stronger the need to change the original attitude. The simple act of decision making
creates dissonance, too. The magnitude of the dissonance is related to the importance of the decision
and the attractiveness of both the chosen and the unchosen alternatives. Researchers have a better
understanding of the interactions between attitudes and opinions and actions and behaviors, so
consistency theories that are not directly related to processes are of little interest to today's cognitive
scientists who tend to be more process oriented than behaviorists who studied consistency

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