Fiber-Optic Telecommunications Systems

Fiber-Optic Telecommunications Systems
Senior Science
Research Project
Aaron Aherne–Williams
Fibre–Optic Telecommunications Systems:
Fibre–optic telecommunications is simply a method of transmitting information from one place to
another extremely fast. This is done by shooting pulses of light through an optical fibre. Creating the
optical signal involving the use of a transmitter, relaying the signal along the fiber, ensuring that the
signal does not become too distorted or weak, receiving the optical signal, and converting it into an
electrical signal. An optic–fibre is a small fibre no thicker than a human hair, either made of glass or
plastic that is transparent and flexible. The light inside the fibre–optic cable forms an
electromagnetic carrier wave that is ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Optical fibre telecommunications has also opened up job opportunities for more technicians to
specialize in optic fibre technology.
Mobile Phones
Brief Description of how mobile phones work:
A mobile phone is a device that allows for two people to be connected over the world by a radio
link. This is done by connecting to a cellular network, which is provided by telecommunication
companies such as Telstra, Optus and Vodaphone being the three main in Australia. Once the
cellular network is established it then connects to a cell, which is a tower, then the other phone. If
the phone is out of reach from one the original tower the cell may transfer the call to another cell,
this process is now so efficient and fast that both caller and receiver would never notice that this has
taken place. This uses electromagnetic waves between substation–to–substation this is a combined
technology of radio and the telephone. Modern day mobile phones have a wide variety of uses
compared to the original mobile phones such as calling, text messages, multi–media messages,
email, internet access, games, applications, calculators, music, videos, high resolution cameras and
many other options that a only on some devices these are things like Microsoft capabilities and also
GPS systems.
Outline the basic pattern of information transfer:
Sound–Sound clip coded–Transmits codes via EMR–

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The Social Consequences of Communication Technologies Essay
The Social Consequences of Communication Technologies
How many hours have you spent on American Online Instant Messenger when you should have
been studying for prelims? Communications shapes our modern society as well as brings many
burdens and negative aspects along with it. It does not seem like it is even able to help most of the
population of a developing country because most of the people in that country do not have access to
modern communications technologies. Current telecommunications technology has enlarged our
social lives decreasing our productive time, increased the rate of spreading of negative ideals, and
amplified our dependence while diminishing our independence.
Telecommunications seem ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The modern technology for telecommunications has made the general public increasingly lazy and
dependent on such things as the Internet, the phone, and Instant messenger. The pre–
telecommunications societies had so much more productive time when considering the amount of
time spent on useless modern communications. "The more time people spend using the Internet ...
the more they lose contact with their social environment."(Stanford) Of course the telephone and
Internet do sometimes provide useful information; however, compared to the hours spent surfing the
web and socializing, the actual amount of productive time spent is relatively small.
Telecommunications technologies have also made the modern society very lazy. Societies without
telecommunications have constant interactions; their children play with each other, discover and
learn together. In the modern, developed countries, people no longer interact face to face as
frequently, the children spend hours conversing on the phone, chatting on the internet, or just sitting
in front of the computer playing video games. Bringing the world together through a network of
wires seems less appealing when considering what it takes from us.
Ideas are spread much quicker now then ever before because

Benefits Of Subscription Based Mobile Phone Contracts Essay
Subscription–based mobile phone contracts are one the areas which have driven the mobile phone
markets in developed countries but not in Indonesia. Despite the penetration being at 62.7%, it has
been largely dominated by the pre–paid networks that consist of a massive 95% of the market share
which also directs that the customers follow the 'Pay–as–you–go ' agenda. 1.4 Comparison to India:
1.4.a Indonesia – 1.4.b India: The above pie charts give the competition in telecom sectors in
Indonesia to India. Unlike India where the competition is much intense, In Indonesia, Telkomsel is
well ahead of their competitors. Hence getting into the market might be a bit hard but the
competition in the Indonesia's telecom sector is very less that can be inferred from the HHI Index
which scores Indonesia at 5,082. A score above 1,800 signifies highly concentrated market i.e., the
market doesn 't have enough competition between them. 1.5 Economic Cycles The performance of
telecom industry is dependent on the economy health of Indonesia owing to the presence of all
assets, operations, and customers in Indonesia itself. The unfavourable economic conditions could
result in less business activity, less disposable income available to consumers to spend and reduced
purchasing power will consequently reduce the demand for services which in turn will hit the
business and financial condition. Recalling the past economic crisis in 1997 that hit the South Asia
including Indonesia caused

Strategic Strategy And Strategy: Strategic Analysis Of...
STRATEGIC ANALYSIS OF MOBILINK
STRATEGY AND POLICY
MEHREENMARYAM 14001205002 BISMAASIF 14017092017
6/15/2015
ABSTRACT:
Mobilink is the leading telecommunication organization in the pakistan with the highest market
share. In this study we analyse the strategies implemented in Mobilink through different strategic
tools like SWOT, Porter's five forces, PEST, BCG matrix and prevailing Mobilink's strategies. The
purpose of this study is to analyze and address the strategic management of Mobilink from 2010 to
2014 through strategic analysis. The significance of this study is to reveal the existing strategic
issues and suggesting the appropriate solutions to professionals, academicians and students of the
respective field.
Keywords: Mobilink, strategic tool: SWOT, Porter's five forces, PEST, BCG matrix
telecommunication industry and Pakistan.
ABOUT MOBILINK
In the Pakistan telecommunication industry, Mobilink is the leading company that facilitate with
excellent voice and data services entailing highest customer base ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
VimpleCom, the present parent organization of the Mobilink, joined hands with vendors like
Huawei and Ericson for the project of network "Swap" and "Modernization". This agreement not
only include the installation of 3G complaint network but also the maintenance of KPIs (Key
Performance Indicators), power commitment and other internal growth services. For this reason,
Mobilink had to lay off its 100 employees from Technical department in May, 2013. This was the
extreme action taken by the current top level managers. The strategy was to outsource the major
technical activities, however, in–house staff will carrying out the other functions of the

Essay Technical Advancement in the Field of Telecommunication
Technical Advancement in the Field of Telecommunication The move into the Information Society
is driven by the market for new information and communications technologies and services. Whilst
the large number of technologies and services and their providers bring expectations of higher
economic growth, there has been a growing concern about the social, ethical, cultural, political and
economic aspects of the coming society. For some time there has been a considerable interest in the
prospects of obtaining a "sustainable development" through the use of telecommunication
technologies. The generally accepted definition of sustainable development is that "current
generations should meet their needs ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Wireless Communications: Explosive Growth.
Explosive growth of wireless communications technology continues as the industry experiences
new subscribers and lower prices for services. The U.S. market had 100 million wireless subscribers
in year 2000, a 16.2 percent rise from 1999 of 86 million. In 1993, there were only 16 million
wireless subscribers, a rise of 525 percent rise in subscribers over 7 years. Market penetration rose
33 percent in 2000. In 1993, market penetration was only 6 percent. The explosive growth can
largely be attributed to intensive competition which forces prices down and increase cellular phone
usage. In fact, the market for wireless voice services is becoming mature. Growth rates and heavy
competition are restricting profit margins.
The U.S. telecommunications services industry will continue to expand in 2001. The popularity of
wireless phones has increased the demand for wireless cellular telephone service and reduced the
demand for in–building wired phones. Approximately 50 percent of the population has access to a
wireless phone. With increased usage of wireless phones, the cost structure should be affordable to
the greater population.
Cellular phone growth has fueled expansion of network infrastructure expansion as well. In mid–
2000, there were 95,753 cellular sites. In 1999, there were 74,157 cellular sites. This is year–to–year
increase

Swisscom Swot Analysis Of Swisscom
In 1988, Telecom PTT presented Switzerland's first advanced media communications arrange
(ISDN). The cell phone system was digitized in 1992 under the name NATEL D. Telecom PTT's
"Blue Window" Internet entryway, propelled in 1996, soon turned into the market pioneer. On 1
October 1997, Telecom PTT got to be Swisscom. What's more, now we realize that Swisscom is
Switzerland's driving telecom provider and one of its overwhelming IT associations, headquartered
in Ittigen, close to the capital city, Bern. Its reinforcement Fastweb has built up a strong position on
the Italian market. Swisscom streams no exchange off with respect to serving customer needs; it
focuses on organization and quality and places extraordinarily in the frameworks of what's ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
That's mean this mobile service provider is current item, and we know that is Swisscom is the
number one Telecommunication in Switzerland, and definitely Swisscom has trusted by customers,
because Swisscom has long become telecommunication company in Switzerland and have many
benefits for customer.
3.
SWOT Analysis
Strengths 1. Strong Market Presence in home market
2. Strong Customer Base with more than 6 million versatile clients and around 1.7 million
broadband associations
3. Income Growth in Switzerland, supporting incomes
4. Its workforce is made of approx 21,200 representatives
5. Kind of advertising very eye–appealing publicizing
Weaknesses 1. Operations are vigorously reliant on Switzerland as it were
2. Constrained nearness crosswise over Europe and additionally the world
Opportunities 1. Investment in Network Expansion crosswise over Europe
2. Development in Telecommunications Services over the

A Changing Telecommunication Market
Over the last two decades, the telecommunication market has undoubtedly been amongst one of the
fastest growing markets. Telecommunications, by definition, is anything that allows
communications over a distance. The industry has diverged into developing many more discrete
mediums for which we just to communicate. As demand grew, the number of companies that
developed and sold telecommunications devices grew as well and meets almost every imaginable
demand and niche available in the market. The telecommunications industry gains its value by
network externalities. There is little value when only one or two people have the capabilities so it's
crucial that telecommunication firms reach as many customers as they can. Instead of just having a
two–way exchange, technology allows us to have telecommunications networks, which is why
telecommunications is considered a network industry, that can simultaneous transfer data and
information to as many places in just a few seconds. This is applicable to consumers, governments,
and militaries. However, for focus' sake, this paper will hone in on consumer grade
telecommunications. Today, companies are churning out multifunction and multitasking gaming
television consoles, smart phones, computer tablets as fast as consumers can buy them. The
competition isn't just limited to who can produce the most advanced piece of technology, but also
expands to which company can do it the cheapest and win the biggest percentage of the consumers
in the

The Political Spectrum Of The United States
Outside of the political spectrum, there is another group of organizations that have perhaps and even
stronger grasp on the media than media regulators themselves. The incredibly complex and well
organized drug cartels that base themselves mostly in northern Mexico and along the coastline of the
Gulf of Mexico are in many ways the most influential organizations in the nation's media. As
mentioned earlier, Mexican citizens were granted freedom of the press in the 1857 Federal
Constitution giving them expressional rights that closely resembled the United States' on paper.
However, as the cartels ran rampant throughout the country some indirect restrictions were put on
these rights. The cartels employ ruthless violence and torture in order to punish those who oppose
them, including journalists and reporters who attempt to portray them in a negative light. Over the
past decade "there have been '172 attacks on press freedom, including nine journalists and two
media workers killed'" (Hernandez–Garcia 2012). As a result, anyone reporting on the drug wars is
essentially risking his or her own life; a risk the majority of reporters are not willing to take. The
fear of being found and captured by the cartel is enough to cause a chilling effect among reporters
and even stop some news outlets from reporting on the cartel's actions at all. That's not to say that
news of the cartels' actions doesn't get released to the public. Lepe summarized the media portrayals
of the cartel as such:

Case Study Of Hutchison And Vodafone
Case facts
The case talked about the 2 companies i.e. Hutchison and Vodafone.
Hutchison Telecommunications International Ltd (HTIL)
Hutchison Telecommunications Hong Kong Holdings Limited (stock code: 215) is an established
telecommunications operator providing advanced mobile telecommunications services in Hong
Kong and Macau under the 3 brand
Island (Mauritius)' was a 100 % Subsidiary of Hutchison (Hong Kong).
Vodafone (VIH)
Vodafone International Holdings BV – a company incorporated in Netherlands. It was the purchaser
of one share of CGP
Hutchison Essar Limited (HEL)
Hutchison Essar Limited, under the brand name Hutch, operates in 16 licence areas in India
It has CGP Company as a subsidiary holding about 67 % shares and Essar had ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thus Vodafone was asked to pay Penalty of about 11,000 Crore for amount to be paid to HTIL.
Wherein Vodafone has not replied to that notice and filed a writ petition to the challenge.
Vodafone was trying to use the method of Tax heavens and SPV'which are designed to help in
similar cases but MUMBAI high court rejected the petition with cost. Post that they tried to file
again using SLP as a sword against Supreme Court and further the case was passed to income tax
department
Law continuous to impose various legal system on this particular case and confirms that Vodafone
have to pay raised by to India, but Vodafone also presented massive documentary evidence and tried
hard to get rid of the situation.
Issue in the case
On the name of CGP Company which was otherwise a null entity, Vodafone Company was asked to
pay taxes for a purchase of subsidiary company (CGL) of
Hutchison Essar telecom
Retrospective amendment is being allowed
Whether Income Tax Department has a control over asking for the taxes over the transaction among
two foreign companies
Act and law used in this case
ITA – Income–tax Act.
Retrospective legislation
Share purchase agreement
Transfer pricing tax

Vodafone perspective
According to the company, the transaction had occurred between VIH and HTIL wherein they
entered into a SPA for the sale of CGP share. Here the accedence was signed

The Rise Of The Telecommunications Industry
The rise of the Telecommunications industry, particularly within the last 25 years has been swift and
profitable due to the creation of a number of groundbreaking technologies. With the recent
movement toward a yearly, or sometimes even monthly rollout of these new technologies, constant
innovation has become a necessity in order to remain competitive within this space. Although there
are only a few major players that dominate the Telecommunication industry, this does not hinder the
ability of new entrants to carve out a corner of the underserved markets and continue to drive
innovation. This need for innovation pushes Telecommunications companies to continue to grow,
discover, and diversify as they look to implement the corporate and competitive strategies which
will help their company to succeed within the industry. Companies often employ a number of
corporate level strategies as they look for which strategies will help them to succeed in the industry
and set the company apart from their competitors, this is the case with Motorola Solutions Inc
(Appendix 1). Motorola looked to diversify their company through investments in startups as well
as other emerging companies who's technology and ideas could benefit Motorola. This was a
necessary step for Motorola as they look to stay competitive in the Telecommunications industry
which continues to have an intense rivalry in order to drive innovation. They are able to successfully
find investments by leveraging their ability to

Telecommunication Act Of 1996 Essay
The Telecommunication Act of 1996 was passed on the 8thof February, 1996. It gave rise to a huge
revolution in the field of telecommunication in the United States. This law basically derives most of
its features from the Communications Act of 1934 ("the 1934 Act") and was formed on the basis of
a general agreement which concentrated more on advancement in technology based on competition
rather than monopoly. The ultimate motive of this Act was to bring about major changes in the
telecommunication arena.
This new Act basically portrays the idea that the service providers should not be limited to the
regulatory categories and that they should be allowed to compete openly in the robust market place
and be able to handle the active participants and the stiff competition. The Act provides a proof from
the government to making sure that ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Reassures the commitment of U.S to universal service, i.e., helping connect all the educational
institutions, libraries to the information superhighway in a decade's time.
Giving the families a control over the programs on television through the use of "V–chip"
technology.
WHAT WAS CHANGED The telecommunication act bought about a drastic change, ILEC–
provided wireline subscriptions started to decline whereas cable–telephone, VoIP and wireless
subscriptions started to increase. According to the statistics, more than 40 % of the consumers
started to consider mobile as their primary means of communication.
The main changes brought about by this Act can be classified under the following headings:
Premption – One of the main provisions allowed the FCC to pre–empt the requirements (local/
state) that acted as a barrier to entry in the interstate and interstate services.
Interconnectedness–
Intercarrier compensation–
RBOCs may enter long

The Telecommunication Act Of 1996 Essay
ASSIGNMENT 1
Student Name: Rohan Jain
Student CWID: A20378201
1. US Telecommunication Act of 1996
● The Telecommunications Act of 1996 represented the beginning of a new era in Internet, cable TV
and Telecommunications regulations in the United States. It was sanctioned by the U.S. Congress on
February 1, 1996 and signed by President Bill Clinton on February 8, 1996.
● This was the first major change in the telecommunications regulations since the original 1934
Telecommunications Act since it was the first time that the Internet was included in broadcasting
and spectrum allotment. The main purpose of law was to stimulate competition in
telecommunication services by removing regulatory barriers to entry
● Telecommunication Act of 1996 has successfully met its three goals:
1. Boost of Local Markets: In 1996, Americans had access to only single local telephone network
but in today's world, FCC reports that more than 90% of Americans have access to at least 6
different Telecommunication facility providers( telephone company, cable operator, mobile
operators).
2. Increased Competition in Long Distance: In 1996, there were only 4 Network Carriers but now
Americans have access to at least 11 Network Carriers providers which is three times more than in
2005.
3. Universal Service: Have allowed provision of basic local service to the widest possible number of
customers and have proved to be cost–effective.
● "ILEC" is Incumbent Local Exchange Carrier and "CLEC" is Competitive

syllabus
Northeastern University TSMG 5340 – Telecommunications Public Policy and Business
Management Thursday 6:00PM –9:30PM Forsyth Building Rm 237 Fall 2014 9/4th –12/11th
Instructor Dick Lush Email –r.lush@neu.edu or dick.lush@gmail.com , phone –508–695–6034 If
Class is cancelled – see announcement Course Material Course Pack at Harvard Business
Publishing– https://cb.hbsp.harvard.edu/cbmp/access/2808663 See detailed instructions under
Course Material TAB. There are 22 cases and readings, Reading assignments and slides on
Blackboard. Course Description This course provides an overview of the telecommunications
industry with focus on areas such as overview of the industry, technologies, policy, ... Show more
The case method of learning requires the identification of the key problems and challenges the
company is trying to solve. What information is useful and what information is not useful, analysis
to determine the root causes of the situation, and then suggest a plan of attack/recommendations
should be included. There are no right or wrong answers. However, there are good and bad analyses
and recommendations! Each student is expected to have fully prepared for the individual case as
discussed above, and to be ready and willing to share his/her views with the class. One constant
objective in every case discussion is to raise as many possible key issues in the case, and to have a
full articulation (pros and cons) of these issues. Individual Case Guidelines 3 + written pages (you
can add exhibits, if needed), to be handed in on the due date Position your paper as a
memo/recommendation to senior management Provide your recommendations and the key reasons
for your recommendations Solve the business problem(s) and justify your decision See the due dates
in the syllabus Please put your name on each assignment AND include the questions provided
Individual cases that are late will be assessed 10pts each day that they are late Group Case
Presentations All students must read the cases, BUT no written material is required, only the teams
need to present Follow the guidelines above for cases in general

Five Competitive Analysis: Porter's Five Forces Model
Porter's Five–Forces Model of competitive analysis is a widely used approach for developing
strategies in many industries. Generally, Porter's Five–Forces provide a good, simple yet powerful,
framework for developing an understanding of the competitive forces or pressure either increase or
reduce within DiGi's industry that influence its pricing decision. Great competitive forces put more
pressure on it while weaker competitive forces get over the pressure.
1) Rivalry among Competing Firms Rivalry among the competing firms is usually the most
powerful of the five competitive forces. The strategies pursued by one firm can be successfully only
to the extent that they provide competitive advantages over the strategies pursued by rival firms.
Malaysia mobile market is oligopoly nowadays after the consolidation in 2003. The
telecommunications ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are many threats of substitute products for both of the business lines are recognized. Firstly,
there are many traditional and modern substitutes for voices services such as letter, fixed home line
telephone, fax, and e–mail. From 2000 onwards, broadband Internet services, which enable faster
and always–on connection to the worldwide web, offer more promising growth potential. In
addition, the pressure on the very low cost to use the phone calling through internet or communicate
through online messenger like Facebook, Skype, WeChat and etc had threatened the mobile service
industry. The attractiveness of internet services making it more affordable to the masses. Secondly,
consumers have become more demanding in quality data service and this create an opportunity for
new entrants to provide a substitute product for consumers in lower price or better performance than
the existing ones. For example, DiGi is facing new competitors in 4G WiMax which are P1 and Yes.
4) Bargaining Power of

Research Paper On Batelco
Communication Networks
Batelco Telecommunication company
DES 452
Fatema Yousif Ahmedi 1647 Fatema1647@ruw.edu.bh Shams Mohammed Alkhazraji 1651
Shams1651@ruw.edu.bh Aysha Khalid Mohammed 1716 Aysha1716@ruw.edu.bh
Dr. Rashed Al Jalahma rjalahma@ruw.edu.bh
Table of Contents
Page:
Introduction
3 Purpose
3
Terms of Reference
3
Method
3
Findings
3
Introduction of company
4 – 9 Market Overview
9 – 14
Action plan of marketing
14 – 16
Conclusion
19
References
20
Introduction Purpose ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In advertisement Batelco spends and give lots of money and time for each advertising, because
advertising has a big impact on the consumers behavior and the result will be positive if the ads
were very creative and stands out from the competitors advertisements.

Public relations is when the staff of Batelco have a good manner to talk with the consumer, even if
the consumer is angry and not polite. The staff of Batelco reacts as a calm person and talks politely,
this good service will help to get loyal customers to the company and never change into other
competitor. Action plan of marketing
SWOT analysis
The SWOT analysis is an extremely useful tool for understanding and decision–making for all sorts
of situations in firms and organizations. SWOT is an short cut for Strengths, Weaknesses,
Opportunities, Threats. SWOT analysis is perfect for business planning, strategic planning,
competitor evaluation, marketing, business and product development and research reports. The
SWOT analysis enables companies to identify the positive and negative influencing factors inside
and outside of a company or organization
Batelco's SWOT contains of:
SWOT Analysis comparison

Motorola Solutions, Inc.
Motorola Solutions, Inc. is an American data communications and telecommunications equipment
provider. Motorola was a giant in the mobile industry, however, it has returned to its roots of
providing communications equipment for public safety. Motorola sold its enterprise unite in 2014,
which consisted of mobile computers, tables, and barcode scanners, and focuses on its public safety
and commercial customers. Today, Motorola designs, and makes two–way radio systems, wireless
broadband products used in private voice, data networks, and public safety communication systems.
Its chairperson and Chief Executive Officer since January 2008, is Greg Brown. Brown, joined
Motorola in 2006, in March 2007, he became president and COO, and later on was elected to the
company's board of directors. Motorola Solutions is headquartered in Schaumburg, Illinois, and as
over 14,000 employees in 60 countries. Their products currently consist of a.) Devices: body–worn
cameras, two–way radios, pagers, and LTE user devices, b.) System and networks: dispatch, analog
business radio systems, LTE Broadband systems, c.) Software and applications: intelligent
middleware, smart public safety solutions, and voice applications d.) Product lines and technologies:
ASTRO 25 Network, iDen Networks, Smart Energy, and Audio Solutions WAVE Work Group
communications, and e.) Services: integration, support services, lifecycle management, and
learning. Overall, Motorola keeps utility workers connected and visible to

Telstra Swot Analysis
Telstra's investment projects during 2015 provide an indication of strong leadership and a bright
future for Telstra. In June 2015 Telstra launched Australia's largest wifi network Telstra Air, which
gives telstra home broadband customers the power to use their data allowance and go online at
thousands of hotspots in Australia and millions of hotspots overseas. This is an expensive
investment, contributing to the decline in fixed product revenue (decline 1.9%). However, it will
increases customers value and distinguishes telstra from other telecommunication providers. Telstra
also formally launched Telstra Health, a provider of integrated eHealth solutions. This investment
utilises Telstra's existing strength in connectivity, allowing people who live remote or work during
business hours to talk to a GP via video conference or phone call. Telstra health has contributed 78
million dollars worth of income in the 2014–15 year. This profitability, along with increased
diversity, creates many growth opportunities for Telstra. To run a successful business it is important
for the Manager to make strategic capital investment decisions, in order to make ... Show more
Although the 2015 annual report reports a total dividend of $0.35 composed of the 2015 interim
dividend of $0.15 paid on 27 March, and the 2015 final dividend of $0.155 paid on 27 August, this
final dividend has not yet been paid as of 30 June 2015. Therefore, the total dividend of $0.30 used
in this calculation is comprised of the final dividend of 2014 paid at 26 September 2014 equal to
$0.15, and the 2015 interim dividend. Since both of these dividends were not paid at the end of the
2015 financial year, an inevitable shortcoming in the use of these dividends as the variable D1 is

Customer Retention in Telecom Industry
Customer Retention: With Special Reference to Telecommunication Industry in Sri Lanka
K. A. Silva
Lanka Com Services (Pvt) Limited, Colombo, Sri Lanka
S. T. W. S. Yapa
Department of Decision sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura,
Nugegoda, Sri Lanka samanyapa@sjp.ac.lk ABSTRACT
The landscape of the telecommunication industry in Sri Lanka has been changed drastically since
the deregulation of telecommunication sector in early 1990s. Number of service providers has been
increased from one, i.e state monopoly, to more than 70 within a short period of time. With the
increased competition telecom service providers find it difficult to retain the existing customers. In
that context the objective of this research explanatory ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The relationship is seen as mediated by social norms and situational factors. Cognitive, affective,
and conative antecedents of relative attitude are identified as contributing to loyalty, along with
motivational, perceptual, and behavioural consequences ( Dick and Basu , 1994).
In the customer centred business, survival remains to the degree that customer satisfaction is met.
Previous research studies have shows that the repurchase intent was the main benefit of customer
retention. However, some had identified multiple benefits like repurchase intent, price tolerance,
willingness to recommend etc. In reaching retention, vendors should manage satisfaction and
consequences of Customer Loyalty (Naranyandas, 1998). Loyalty too has a pyramid effect that
suggests of having hierarchy in loyalty levels between customer and vendor. Change in loyalty level
will manifest itself in the presence of specific attitude and behaviour (Aaker, 1991).
Customer loyalty and satisfaction are integral part of customer retention process. Customer
Retention is a primary measure of loyalty. There is a positive relationship between changes in
satisfaction and share of wallet. In particular, the initial satisfaction level and the conditional
percentage of change in satisfaction significantly correspond to changes in share of wallet. Income
and length of the relationship negatively

Essay on Telecommunications Act of 1996
The Telecommunications Act of 1996
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 can be termed as a major overhaul of the communications law
in the past sixty–two years. The main aim of this Act is to enable any communications firm to enter
the market and compete against one another based on fair and just practices ("The
Telecommunications Act 1996," The Federal Communications Commission). This Act has the
potential to radically change the lives of the people in a number of different ways. For instance it
has affected the telephone services both local and long distance, cable programming and other video
services, broadcast services and services provided to schools. The Federal Communications
Commission has actively endorsed this Act and has worked ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Additional provisions include those giving families control of the television programming that
comes into their homes through the use of "V–Chip" technology, and prevent undue
concentration in television and radio ownership so that a diversity of voices and viewpoints can
continue to flourish, through modified ownership limits ("Telecommunications Act of 1996,"
Federal Communication Commission).
The response in the telecommunications market, soon after the Act was passed, was tremendous.
For one thing four of the seven Bell Regional Holding companies announced mergers (as
recommended and encouraged by the Act). Bell Atlantic acquired NYNEX, and SBC acquired
Pacific Telesis. As time went by more and more companies falling in the jurisdiction of the Bell
regional companies began to announce proposed mergers and followed them through. It is important
to note here that some of the mergers were among Bell companies and local carriers e.g. Bell
Atlantic and GTE, SBC and Ameritech (pending) and AT&T and the video cable giant TCI.
Some of these changes of course are a direct result of the changes in the regulatory practices
mentioned in the Act of 1996. The rest of them can only be called a preparation of sorts for the
competitive market environment to come in the near future if the Act of 1996 is fully realized by
that time. This will not only increase

Sample Agreement Paper
INTERCONNECTION
AGREEMENT
This Agreement is made on this the _______ day of __________ 2006
BETWEEN
Pacific Bangladesh Telecom Limited, a private limited company duly incorporated in Bangladesh
under the Companies Act, 1994 and having its registered office at Pacific Centre, 14, Mohakhali
C.A., Dhaka–1212, Bangladesh represented by its Chief Executive Officer (hereinafter referred to as
"PBTL" which expression shall be deemed to mean and include its successors–in–interest and
assigns);
AND
Formula One International Limited, a company having its registered office at House 13, Road 3,
Dhanmondi, Dhaka – 1205, Bangladesh (hereinafter referred to as "FORMULA ONE" which
expression shall be deemed to mean and include its ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
2. Signaling
2.1 FORMULA ONE's network has to match with the existing signaling system of PBTL's network.
In case any mismatch of signaling systems of the two networks occurs, FORMULA ONE shall be
completely responsible for changing or modifying its signaling system to match with PBTL's
network 2.2 In future, if PBTL introduces new type of signaling system, FORMULA ONE shall
have to comply with that signaling system. PBTL shall notify FORMULA ONE of any change at
least 3 months in advance.
3. Synchronization
3.1 FORMULA ONE's networks must be in synchronization with PBTL's networks, the latter's
networks currently being synchronized with reference to the BTTB (Bangladesh Telegraph &
Telephone Board)'s network clock.
3.2 In case of interconnection of two networks where PBTL's network is not synchronized, the
Parties will mutually decide on the synchronization signal.

4. Traffic Routing
4.1 PBTL shall route all IDD calls through FORMULA ONE
4.2 A routing table for international traffic between two networks shall be agreed by mutual
agreement in writing between the Parties. This routing table shall be updated from time to time
through mutual agreement in writings.
4.3 Each Party shall notify the other Party in writing regarding any change or modification of the
routing table at least 1 (one) month prior to giving effect to such change.
5. Quality of Service
5.1 Both Parties

Using Mathematical Manipulation Of Signals For...
I still remember the day I was introduced to the Internet. With my first hotmail email id, I struck up
a friendship with a netizen from Dalian. I learned about his culture, his family, and his country. I
was truly mesmerized by what the Internet could enable!
Later on in school, I learned C++, communication theory, and Internet basics, thus sparking my
interest in making a mark in the field of communication. I excelled at academics and topped my
class in Physics, Chemistry, and Mathematics, with an aggregate of 96%. In keeping with my
marked inclination for the field of communications, I joined the Electronics and Communication
program at National Institute of Technology, Karnataka, a college that boasts of one of the best
courses for this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
During my third year, while attending a lecture on the OSI layer, I was profoundly intrigued by the
complexity of the internet, as well as the simplicity of the flow of data between the layers. To
explore this interest, I completed the CCNA– R&S and CCNP– R&S certification courses. That
summer, I was the only undergrad in my college who was offered an internship at Cisco Systems. At
Cisco, I developed a tool which automates the Bill of Material for customers to transition from their
existing switches (3800 series) to a new category of switches (4500 series). Owing to my good
performance as an intern, I was offered a full–time job at Cisco.
In my final year of college, I submitted a thesis under the guidance of Dr. N.S.V. Shet, in which I
proposed an alternative model of Wireless Mesh Network (WMN) to better utilize bandwidth for the
campus network at my college. This involved simulation of the existing design and analysis of
traffic flow using Wireshark. Then, I executed a geographical survey to determine the ideal
locations for the access points for the WMN and subsequently conducted an analysis of the ideal
protocol to be used, and simulated it in NS–2. Also, as part of my Communication Networks course,
I submitted a report on Congestion Control in Frame–Relay. My primary focus was how congestion
control is realized in Frame–Relay. Apart from this I also explained the protocol architecture, frame
format and the behaviour of frame–relay network i.e. the manner in

Essay on Telecommunication Systems Used in My Workplace
Telecommunication Systems Used in My Workplace I work for a company called Techtronic
Industries, otherwise known as TTI. This company has branches, offices and remote locations all
over the world. The developed communication avenues have to venture over land and water to
connect its many operations together to maintain its delicate business fabric. Since there are so
many facets of communication facets needed, there has been great planning and skill poured into its
network telecommunication systems. I will focus primarily on the South Carolina location into
which we have many different telecommunication devices operating to create this system. The four
areas I will discuss are the:
1) Customer Service Center
2) Inventory ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The product design department has its own series of computers set up in a without an intranet or
internet access point. They a have an interrelated system close to a star topology, but has external
transmission point. All of the terminals within the product design department can work with one
another, but there is not external access point to help maintain its level of security by eliminating the
chance for any confidential information from being leaked. Last but not least is the field personnel
and management team. This system gets a little more complicated because there are many devices at
work. There are stationary terminals, mobile terminals (laptops), smart phones (pocket pc), and
intranet VPN network. The mobile pocket pc's are designed to work with the email system as well
as basic internet applications. They are not able to connect to the VPN to access the company
intranet. The stationary terminals and laptops have the ability to access the VPN intranet as well as
the basic email system. I would have to associate this particular set up in alignment with an "Mesh"
type of networking system. The extended star topology seemed to have a similar set up if each
section was broken down into its own form. All of these systems funnel down into one hub, server
access point to transmit the information overseas to our main

India 's Economic Success Social Cohesiveness On A Global...
INTRODUCTION
We are pleased to formally introduce Intercontra Initiatives Limited, an institution that maintains
expert and technological know–how to ensure the delivery of efficient, cost–saving, and, cutting
edge solutions to clientele in the key sectors of Telecommunications and Oil & Gas industry in the
African economy. We provide customer–driven and tailored services to diverse clients in this niche
market segment particularly in the areas of engineering and logistics.
We recognise that your organisation occupies a visible position in the telecommunications industry
as a leading major contractor and supplier of telecommunications infrastructure and as such we at
Intercontra Initiatives would like to make our professional services and logistics solutions available
to you.
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Telecommunications services are critical to Nigeria's economic success social cohesiveness on a
global platform. The capacity, consistency of good quality network coverage, and reliability of the
infrastructure used in the provision of these services are important to consumers; both businesses
and individuals
The bulk of investment to build, deploy, and, maintain communication networks is delivered by
commercial providers who are in fierce competition to deliver services to the consumers.
There are many areas in Nigeria that are not being fully served by the telecoms market.
In the last 5 years, the mobile sector has had triple digit growth rates after competition was

Spark Essay
Introduction: – Spark NZ is New Zealand's largest telecommunication company, which was formed
on 1 April 1987 as a part of New Zealand post office and Privatised in 1994, which is currently
providing different services like Fixed–line telephone service, a mobile network, broadband,
communications, entertainment, cloud computing as well as Providing separate telecom retail and
telecom wholesale operations to New Zealanders (Sparknz, n.d.). Spark has invested more than 1.25
billion in digital performance since 2014 and got 14 locations nationwide and 900+ experts who can
help their partners as well as customers to reach their goal, this makes Spark unique, collaborative
and innovative (Sparkdigital, n.d.). In mobile services, Spark is one of three major mobile network
operators who each compete for customers over their own network of cell towers, utilizing radio
spectrum licensed from the Government and spark is already among the world's heaviest users of
smartphones for banking, shopping and searching for local businesses and services, and mobile data
use is expected to grow ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Porter's five forces include Competitive Rivalry in the industry, Power of supplier, Power of
customer, Threat of new entrance And Threat of new substitute, using this tool we should do
situational analysis of any industry. First tool is Competitive rivalry which means cow much
competition is there among business in the industry. There are main three competitors in New
Zealand's telecommunication industry, which are Spark, Vodafone and 2degree. New Zealand's
telecommunication market has very large number of revenue (Appendix A) and spark is major
telecommunication development levy payer which is approximately 18.9 million dollars (38%)
while Vodafone is on second place by paying 13.1 million dollars (26%)in year 2015/16 (NBR,

The Telecommunications Act Of 1996
President Bill Clinton created the Telecommunications Act of 1996 to promote fair competition in
the United States telecommunications market. President Clinton's goal was to establish an open
market so that any business can compete in the telecommunications field. Since the creation of the
Telecommunications Act, there has been a bevy of radio and television mergers. One can safely say
that with all the recent mergers, some companies have become monopolies in their respective fields.
The Telecommunications Act primary focus is to help businesses compete against other businesses
so that the consumer can reap the benefits of lower prices for services, a wider selection of services
from different companies, more jobs, and a better ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Act will prevent a single broadcast group owner from dominating the national media market
(The American Presidency Project, 2016)." The problem with this statement is that in today's society
this is not true. Currently, 90 percent of the media is owned by just six companies: Viacom, News
Corporation, CBS, Comcast, Disney, and Time Warner (Corcoran, 2016). These six companies
shape global political views and cover Presidential elections in America. AT&T whom which
currently owns Directv has now purchased Time Warner Inc. (De la Merced, 2016). This purchase is
still pending approval from the Federal Communications Commission and the United States
Department of Justice (James, 2017). AT&T would own HBO, Cartoon Network, Boomerang,
Turner Classic Movies, TNT, TBS, Tru TV, SNY, Peachtree TV, and The CW. AT&T would sell
cable service and own cable content. The interesting thing about AT&T is that they were the sole
provider of telephone service in the United States. An anti–trust lawsuit broke up the Bell system
phone companies to relinquish the monopoly that AT&T had on phone service (New America,
2010).
The Telecommunications Act of 1996 creates one huge problem? The Telecommunications Act of
1996 doesn't allow fair competition; it enables large Media companies to become conglomerates.

Analysis Of Eisaalat
Etisalat is one of the service companies that can be considered as an intangible service company
offering services to different people. Most of Etisalat's services are immaterial, however it has
strong tangible indications. The subject of my report is about Etisalat, to understand the service
products, consumers and markets of Etisalat. My report will focus on how Etisalat operate. It will
contain the target segment of Etisalat and how it communicate with its customers in the market with
the help of marketing mix tools. What are the service issues of Etisalat from the customer's point of
view. How they improve the effectiveness of the service and what can be suggested to recover each
issue and develop the quality and profitability. 2. Etisalat Profile Etisalat Telecommunication
Corporation is a multinational public corporation, which has a wide range of products and services
provided to its users globally and domestically. Etisalat is one of the biggest telecommunication
companies in the world, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It provides SIM cards with the code of (050–056), mobile and wireless services, Telephone services,
Internet and data services, Landline services and Television services, in addition to the online
payment services offered to Etisalat users. It also provides a wide range of supplementary services
such as mobile and Internet service packages, in order to improve the communication of their
business and to make it more affordable. Another additional services that Etisalat offer is the
installment payment when purchasing a new mobile, for example they are currently offering an
IPhone 6s to be paid monthly or yearly with the data package service so it will be more convenient
and attractive to customers who cannot afford paying cash when purchasing the

Telecommunication Infrastructure Of The Telecommunications...
Since the beginning of time the presence of more than one person has required a form of
communication to interact. Over time the variations of communication have evolved from spoken
language, American Sign Language, and written text into the digital age forms like e–mail. Today
telecommunications is the cornerstone infrastructure in which all other infrastructures are built
upon. It is a key element of the main essential critical infrastructure sources such as power, financial
services, transportation, and public safety. Nonetheless, in an age where everything is connected as
well as networked, the need for robust security measures have never been more important.
Furthermore, the interdependence of the telecommunication infrastructure yields rising concerns to
the vulnerability of this infrastructure in addition to its cascading impact on all other critical
infrastructures. However, the telecommunications sector can and has been impacted by other
sectors. Therefore, moving forward the security measures besides recovery procedures must
encompass cross infrastructure dependence trepidations. Modern society heavily depends upon the
telecommunication network as an essential infrastructure to operate daily functions. The ability to
communicate is vital to any operation and therefore all other critical infrastructures rely on the
communication infrastructure to function. Consider that all other CI sectors such as power, financial
services, transportation, and

Design And Implementation Of Mimo Ofdm
CAREER EPISODE –1 Mohd Saem (a) Introduction CE 1.1 CHRONOLOGY Project Title Design
and Implementation of MIMO OFDM Dates for the Project 2012 – 2013 Duration 1 year Name of
the Organization Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering Department Location New Rizvi
Educational Complex, Off Carter Road, Bandra West, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400050, India My Role
Project Demonstrator and project lead (b) Background CE 1.2 Rizvi college of engineering is a part
of the Rizvi Education Society, which is a public charitable trust. It was Established in the year 1950
under the Societies act and was listed under the requirements of Bombay Public act. This Society
promotes various fields of education like Hospitality, Hotel management, Science, Commerce, Arts,
Fashion Designing and Engineering. The location of college is ideal enviroments for students to
achieve their goals in life. CE 1.3 The main objective of this project was to successfully implement
transceiver that would help in developing 802.11 n modem. The architecture required the realization
of 802.16 (Wi–max) and LTE transceivers. It intended to study various alternatives for
implementation of the OFDM which resulted in reduced chip size. It included developing a
complete system of indigenously developed 802.11n modem which then offered maximum
throughput, robust and highly scalable WLAN connections/networks. CE 1.4 The principal role and

Matav Case Study Essays
Strategic Crossroads at Matav: Hungary's Telecom Powerhouse
Assignment 1
What is Matav's Strategy? Has it been successful?
Matav, being the Hungarian Telecommunications Powerhouse, had secured their foothold in most of
the communications market in Hungary, including business services, residential services, Internet
and Mobile. Their parent company Deutsche Telekom wanted them to remain an integrated
telecommunications company. Since their objectives were laid out in front of them, they were facing
a stagnant fixed mobile market in Hungary with the only scope of expansion being the broadband
market. So their primary focus was on competitive response to the core customer base,
consolidating financial performance, increasing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Matav is a telecommunications powerhouse. It has the infrastructure, the ability, the foresight and
the manpower to match any competition the foreign companies can offer.
Matav is a well–established integrated communications company and has footholds in all the four
markets of residential, business, internet and mobile. They already have a lot of customer market in
the Hungarian environment. Familiarity with the local policies, business and customers makes
Matav even more powerful when it comes to dealing with competition. It could add additional
services by implementing new technologies on the current infrastructure to the current customer
base and could also attract a lot of customers by giving bundled service like fixed and mobile or
fixed and internet together.
Do Matav's international expansion plans make sense? Why?
Matav was taken over by a European Telecommunications giant. The line was clear. Since the
domestic market was completely overwhelmed by Matav, the only logical place to expand further
was another European company. Matav is already an integrated telecommunications powerhouse.
There is no new market it can create or develop within its own country to sustain development for it.
There has to be competition and scope for expansion by introducing new technology into third
world countries. This is very attractive when offered at a lower price than your local provider.
Matav's international plans make sense to me for precisely

Universal World Alliance Proposal : Sony Joint Venture
REAL WORLD ALLIANCE PROPOSAL: SONY JOINT VENTURE WITH XIAOMI
Table of Contents
1. Introduction
2. Strategic Fit & Motives
3. Partner Selection & Management
4. Governance & Structure
5. Industry Analysis (Porters 5 Forces)
6. Performance Management
7. References
1.Introduction (Brief)
The aim of this report is to establish the feasibility of a new joint venture between Sony & Xiaomi
within the telecommunications industry. The venture will be focused on sharing technologies, risks
& distribution channels and will proposes a 50/50 equity joint venture between Sony and Xiaomi, to
form Sony Xiaomi LTD. The new entity will focus on enhancing profitability and market share for
both companies with product focus on smartphones.
2. STRATEGIC FIT & MOTIVES
SONY: Sony has been experiencing a downturn in the mobile industry with profits consistently
reducing over the last few years. The volatile nature of the Telecommunications industry and
intensity of the competition are some of the reasons for this situation. The mobile division has been
affecting Sony's overall business structure and to address this negative trend the company is looking
to ally with a partner in order to minimize risks and capture profits (Sony.net, 2016). Xiaomi will be
a good strategic fit as they have experienced enormous growth especially within the Chinese
market. They have a well–established customer base, and their smartphones are selling extremely
well. A partnership with Xiaomi

Applying A Cellular Tower On The Proposed Site
sole authority to grant or deny the special use permit to allow them to construct a cellular tower on
the proposed site. The Board of County Commissioners, sitting as the Zoning Board of Appeals, has
the authority to approve the zoning variance. The zoning variance will be presented to the Board in
December if the special use permit is approved. Ms. Wallingford–Ingo stated a notion was made in
the recommendation section of staff's review. She stated there is a process that requires a
telecommunications carrier to co–locate on other towers before applying for a new special use
permit for a tower. A telecommunications tower cannot be built in excess of the maximum height
limitation imposed within a specific zone. As a matter of clarification, Mr. Powell has indicated that
they have placed this tower where the County directed them to do so. She had several conversations
over the duration of three to four months with one of Mr. Powell's colleagues relative to the location
of the proposed tower and staff's concerns relative to the placement of such. When the applicant
submitted the special use permit application, the zoning maps indicated the proposed site was in the
A–2 Zone District. Upon review of the application, it was determined that the zone district line on
the digital map, which are not the official zoning maps, was A–3. This is when the height limitation
came into effect. The initial analysis of the placement of the facility was based on a zone district

Strategic Management Of Huawei
6. Chapter six: strategic management in Chinese companies.
6.1 Introduction
The growth of the Chinese economy, particularly in the past 20 years, has been staggering, today
Chinese competitiveness is no longer confined to lower–end production, and labor––intensive, low–
value–added goods. Chinese government are focused on helping Chinese companies move up the
industrial value chain, and assisting the international expansion of the Chinese companies'
globalization. And have made efforts to build internationally recognizable brands, government
encouragement of international expansion is driven by desire to reduce China's foreign exchange
reserves. For example, according to the Chines government's work plans for 2015, Chinese
government will further promote outward direct investment (ODI) activities, for sure the ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Product cost–effective, fast delivery. Huawei's global 48% of workers engaged in research and
development work, as R&D spending will not be less than 10% of annual sales, these ensure the
company's leading technology and reserves, at the same time, due to Huawei's human resource cost
is lower than the developed countries, the product is much cheaper than. Huawei in the international
communications operators has gradually set up the image of a cost–effective, rapid response.
Advanced production technology system shortened product production cycle, improve the
production efficiency and production quality. A complete supplier certification process to ensure the
quality of the product and project implementation, win the fast, high quality and low cost more
competitive

Essay on The evolution of Meteor
Meteor in the Irish telecommunications industry
Meteor Mobile was established in 2001, after having been awarded Ireland's third mobile license in
the year 1998 (ComReg, 1998). Since then, the Irish start up has acquired over a million customers
and built over 40 stores nationally (meteor.ie,2013). Over the course of 12 years, Meteor has
become one of the 50 best workplaces in Ireland and obtained 20% of the market share (meteor.ie,
2013) in a very tough and fast developing industry.
In this essay I will assess the attractiveness of the Irish telecommunications industry before and after
its deregulation in 1998 by analyzing the forces at work within the market. I will also describe
Meteor's strategy at the time and attempt to point ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, there was no threat of forward integration by the suppliers. As the customer base was
so small suppliers depended on the wellbeing of the industry to succeed. All of these factors made
supplier power very low making the industry very attractive for firms.
It is also important to address the threat of substitute products available to the market. These are
products which meet the same needs as those sold by the industry. Porter argues that substitute
products will limit the potential of an industry (Porter, 1979) by diminishing its growth. Back in
1998, there were not many substitute products apart from landline services. The lack of very similar
substitutes in the industry contributed to its attractiveness.
In an industry composed of various players, there is guaranteed competitive rivalry. Competitive
rivalry tends to be higher if there are many current and potential competitors (Porter 1979). In the
case of the mobile industry in 1998, there were only two players, which meant that competition was
very little. Furthermore, the market was very small, another factor limiting competition. Consumer
loyalty and retention were high as people were tied into contracts. This also reduced the competition
within the market. Low competitor rivalry is another attractive factor, as the firms didn't feel
threatened by others also in the industry. In conclusion, from the analysis it is clear that the

Comcast Case Study Essay
Introduction Within the telecommunications industry, everything ranging from television to internet
services continues to face evolving and transformational changes more often than other industries
such as services. It should come to no surprise given the advances in technologies across the globe,
that an industry that is heavily technological based should also follow suit. This allows for both old
and new organizations to tap in the growth of both the human and technological capital to bring
about revolutionary changes in the telecommunications world. For example, the introduction of
fiber optics made way for telecommunication conglomerates to offer faster internet services to their
consumers. So, within this particular industry, the potential ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
The company possess the largest market value in its industry, contains a great history of business,
it's considered the largest cable distributor in the US and despite the growing competition from Pay
TV providers such as Hulu and Netflix, it still maintains a strong position as an organization that
can thrive in today's highly competitive global economy. However, given this realization, the
shareholder should also be a little cautious, because Comcast still faces a number of obstacles that
might impede or compromise the growth of expected return when shareholders invest in their
securities. As mentioned before, there's a growing number of competitors that offer different,
cheaper telecommunication services that still uphold the consumer's expectations in regards of
entertainment, such as streamlining content from the internet and offering the consumer the choice
of preferring skinnier packages (cable/TV programming) at cheaper rates. These rising competitors
will give Comcast a run for their money as consumers will switch from the traditional cable outlets,
such as Comcast and Cox, in favor for a service such as Google or Sling. Another thing to take into
account is the uncertainty of the FCC's decisions at imposing stronger regulations in regards to
broadband width and internet connections; the Net Neutrality Act might place a hindrance on the
performance of Comcast's internet

Brazil and Privatization Essay
Brazil and Privatization The earliest inhabitants of Brazil were the Indians. However, the country's
recorded history begins with the arrival of the Portuguese in 1500. The Portuguese sailor Pedro
Alvares Cabral visited the continent we call South America, eight years after Columbus arrived in
America. Portuguese settlers followed, calling the new colony Brazil, after the brazilwood tree that
they extracted red dye from. The Portuguese did not bring prosperity and progress to the Indians.
Instead, they unintentionally infected and killed thousands of Indians with diseases such as measles
and smallpox. The growing number of settlers spurred the exploration of Brazil. Frontiersmen called
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Their most famous sculptor is also one of the world's most remarkable artists, Antonio Francisco
Lisboa. He became known as Aleijadinho, the little cripple, when a disease paralyzed his hands. He
tied a hammer and a chisel to his wrists and continued to work. Brazilians also love sports. There is
8,000 sports clubs all over the country. They enjoy water sports, basketball, volleyball, tennis, and
boxing. But none of these sports rivals their all time favorite, soccer. Brazilian's call it futebol.
Scoring a goal in the world's soccer championship is the dream of every Brazilian boy.
Language
Brazil's national language is Portuguese. Like the United States' English differs from England,
Brazil also developed a character of its own. The difference is mostly from the influence of Brazil's
Indians. Other influences are attributed to the African heritage and German, Italian and Spanish
immigrants. Their alphabet has three fewer letters than English, missing "k", "w", and "y."
Political Makeup During Brazil's 20 years of military rule, the army had almost complete control
and congress had little power. Since 1985 the government has been in the hands of civilians. Brazil
is a federal republic under the leadership of a president whose powers are similar to those of the
president of the United States. A vice–president and the cabinet consisting of state ministers support
the president. The government is divided into

Financial Analysis: Bharti Airtel And Reliance Communications
Executive Summary
The telecommunication plays an important role in today's market. In the last few years, change has
taken place in the ownership structure of telecommunications companies from public monopolies to
private companies. The rapid development of mobile networks and video and Internet technologies
has created enormous competitive pressure on the companies. As new competitors come to industry,
companies need intelligent tools to gain an advantage which is competitive in nature. Also, stock
market expectations are wide and investors and financial analysts need tested tools to gain
information about how companies perform financially compared to their competitors, the strong
areas of the competitors, the list of the major competitors and so on. Likewise, we can say that, the
telecom companies need to benchmark their performances against competitors in order to remain
important players in this market.
This financial analysis report examines two high profile competitors, Bharti Airtel and Reliance
Communications, within the telecom industry in order to evaluate company's performance and
financial health. The overall strategies of the company were reviewed and considered along with the
financial analysis to come to a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It operates in twenty countries across South Asia, Africa, and therefore the Channel Islands. Airtel
incorporates a GSM network altogether countries within which it operates, providing 2G, 3G and
4G services relying upon the country of operation. Airtel is the world's third largest mobile
telecommunications company by subscribers, with over 275 million subscribers across 20 countries
as of July 2013. It is the largest cellular service provider in India, with 192.22 million subscribers as
of August 2013. Airtel is the Second largest Asia–Pacific mobile operator by subscriber base, behind
China

Statement Of Purpose In Electronics And Communication...
Statement of purpose
"Electronics gadgets and communication systems of present age have tremendously improved the
quality of life. With the tempo of events throughout the world, it has become essential to have more
efficient communication network with the latest electronic devices and circuits." The strikingly first
sentence i read while going through a brochure after passing out from my secondary education and
this curiosity pushed me to explore further with on the internet to obtain an information about the
field.
I took an admission for diploma in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering, A gained
knowledge in the diploma prior to my bachelors degree has helped me to explore the field more
rigorously throughout my bachelor curriculum. I have completed my undergraduate Bachelor's
degree in Electronics and Telecommunication Engineering from Mumbai university in June 2012.
When I was a kid I always wonder how do microwave oven works how can we pick up a well
cooked cake within a few seconds ?? How does ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I wondered how can a simple logic of sensors can be implemented for the effective functioning of
trains. Here i started exploring the world of electronics by comprehending every other aspect of the
concepts developing the ability to use it in a different way so as to accomplish a traditional work in
more simplified and efficient manner. Diploma in Electronics and Communication engineering has
cleared my fundamentals of electronic devices (micro–controller, microprocessor), electrical circuits
with basic components like resistors, conductors, capacitors, ICs, encoders, decoders consequently
given a chance to integrate this components in circuit using bread boards as well as PCB designing.
I learned these concepts practically in the labs after the analysis of the theoretical

Marketing Development And The Telecommunications Industry
TEOCO, The Employee Owned Company, was founded in 1994 by Atul Jain as an S corporation
under the original name of Strategic Technology Group. The original focus of this company was to
provide a high quality level of consulting regarding IT projects and some of their first customers
were large names such as Mobil, Freddie Mac, and many more. In March of 1998, after three years
of operations, the name of the company was changed to TEOCO and Atul Jain made the decision to
shift the company's focus to product development and the telecommunications industry. This move
into the telecommunications industry came about from TEOCO's acquisition of BillTrak Pro, which
is a software product that processes invoices of payables. Following their first ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Major Activities One major activity of TEOCO is cost management solutions, which include
payable processing and invoice automation. This allows TEOCO to comply with the Sarbanes–
Oxley Act of 2002, which requires every company to have a reliable reporting system. According to
the case, communication service providers can lose anywhere from five to fifteen percent of gross
revenue to revenue leakage (p. C–300). It is seen from the tables located in Appendix 2 that the
main competitors TEOCO has in cost management are Razorsight, Connectiv, as well as Subex.
Revenue assurance, another major activity of TEOCO, deals with this issue by using their SONAR
solution to find billing discrepancies and fraudulent behavior and help discover customer usage
patterns. By being able to bring more awareness to these issues, their amount of revenue leakage is
drastically reduced. The competitors in this area are the same ones from cost management, with the
addition of Wedo and cVidya. Least cost routing is TEOCO's third and smallest major activity and
comes with competitors such as Pulse Networks, Global Convergence Solutions, and Telarix (p. C–
300–301). TEOCO uses routing solutions to help companies conclude the best route between two
customers while also examining service quality and cost. Discovering and understanding that these
are their major activities helps TEOCO understand their place in the industry and how to use it to
their advantage moving forward.

Critical And First Steps Of Key Account Management
Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Key Account Management: In recent decades, there has been a
shift from the traditional selling, that is a transaction based buyer–seller interaction, to a relationship
based selling in the business–to business market .it is attentive on embedding with customers and
building long–term win–win relationships emerging due to advancements in technology and
increased competition. Key account management is an approach to understand those customers who
are strategically important to the business and building win –win long term relationships with them
to achieve a common goal. Key Account Management is not a simple seller–buyer relationship but
also to involve people from all aspects of one's business and work together with key customers to
make complex thing easier to do the business. KAM is similar to the concept relationship
management as it is attentive on a long–term, win– win relational approach with customers where
KAM is focused on investing time and resources on the customers who are very critical for the
growth of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
1. KYC–(Know your Customer) is very critical and first step for Key account Management. 2.
Account Mapping –After KYC next step in Key Account Management is Account Mapping, it is a
process of building the relationship between different layer of our organization with customer
organization, this is also one of very important role of Key Account Manager, e.g. Building the
relationship between CEO of Reliance and CEO of Accenture. 3.SOW– Share of Wallet – It gives
clear picture about the our share in customer spends in our business ,product wise understanding for
SOW is not only critical role for the key account Manager, but it also gives road map to Key
Account Manager or team how or by which product SOW can be increased. SOW (Share of wallet)
helps Key account Managers to apply the selling technique lie cross selling and up

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