Germ Theory Of Disease

Germ Theory Of Disease
Hand washing is the most important method of avoiding sickness and germs spreading. According to WHO, it is always important to wash hands to
not only remove visible dirty but also to kill disease causing pathogens. We should wash our hands when:
They are visibly dirty
Before touching raw meant such as beef or chicken
After changing adults or infant nappies
After touching pets or animals
After going to toilets
Before eating
Before preparing food items
After contacting with any body fluids like vomit, urine and blood
After blowing our noses or sneezing
Doctors mostly use alcohol based hand rubs instead of periodically washing their hands since they handle patients, very old people and very young
children (M Worboys, 2008).
This experiment goes hand in hand with the Germ theory of disease which states that many diseases are caused due to the presence and actions of
specific pathogens within the body. Washing hands with soap and water is among the best and the cheapest way to reduce the number of disease
causing micro–organisms in many situations. If soap and water are not available, experts recommend that alcohol–based hand sanitizes containing at
least 60% alcohol should be used (J Waller, 2004).
Alcohol based sanitizes quickly reduce the number of pathogens even though some Sanitizers do not eliminate all germs. Hand ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
The success of hand washing is determined by a couple of factors namely; presence of clean cold or warm running water, soap, scrubber and a clean
piece of towel. With these equipments, doctors recommend that one should wet his or her hand with clean warm or cold running water, and then apply
soap. Then lather your hands by rubbing them together with soap. Ensure you lather between your fingers, under your nails and back of your hands.
Afterward scrub your hands for like twenty seconds to ensure that all germs die. After that, rinse your hands well under clean–running water. Using a
clean towel, dry your hands or dry them in the air (J Waller,

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Why Are Germs Bad
Germs Germs are chemicals in our bodies that can either be good or they can be bad for us. Germs are tiny organisms that can cause a disease.
According to Frontier it says, "Germs are so small and sneaky that they creep into our bodies without being noticed. In fact, germs are so tiny that
you need to use a microscope to see them. " There are 4 different types of major germs: Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Protozoa. Germs can be in
plants, animals, and people. Germs affect everything around, that is why people should wash their hands and use hand sanitizer after they touch their
faces or go to the bathroom. In the next 2 paragraphs there will facts on how germs are good and how germs are bad. Good Sometimes, germs can be
good for people's... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are 4 types of germs; Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, and Protozoa. Bacteria are tiny cell "creatures" that invade bodies, plants, or animals and
cause sickness'. According to Frontier it says, "Bacteria can reproduce outside of the body or within the body as they cause infections." Sometimes,
bacteria is good for you and sometimes it is bad. Viruses are the next type of germ that is bad for people, animals, and plants. Most viruses can't live
unless they are in a living organism like a plant, animal, or person. According to Frontier it says, "When viruses get inside people's bodies, they can
spread and make people sick. Viruses cause chickenpox, measles, flu, and many other diseases." Another type of germ that isn't healthy for any living
organism is Fungi. Fungi is are multi–celled, plant–like organisms. According to Frontier,"Unlike other plants, fungi cannot make their own food from
soil, water, and air. Instead, fungi get their nutrition from plants, people, and animals. They love to live in damp, warm places, and many fungi are
not dangerous in healthy people." The last type of germ that is bad for the body etc. is protozoa. Protozoa is a one–celled organism that like moisture
and often spread diseases through water and moisture. Some protozoa cause intestinal infections that lead to diarrhea, nausea, and belly

Analysis Of My Dietary Intake
Analysis of My Dietary Intake
Mingyang Hou
Queens University
10211370
From my 3–day dietary report, I found out that my average intake of Alpha–Tocopherol, otherwise known as vitamin–E, is far from my goal intake.
Based on the analysis, my goal daily intake should be 15 mg but my actual intake is 3.22 mg, which is far from enough. In this paper, I will analyze
the reason for my low intake and how to change this situation by improving my diet. Looking at my daily intake, I realize I have only been consuming
one third of what I should be having of vitamin–E. Vitamin–E is an antioxidant serving as one of the body's main defences against oxidative damage.
Since vitamin–E is helpful at preventing free radical damage, not eating ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In my current diet, there is a sufficient lack of fresh vegetables, which are high in vitamin–E. Since most of the food I ate are either deep fried or
cooked with high heat in the cooking process (for example vegetable stew), the heat destroys vitamin–E. Firstly, I can change my way of eating
vegetables from cooked product to salads. Salad dressing and shortening are high in Vitamin–E, and they are easily found in the school cafeteria. Salad
with dressing can provide me with most of the vitamin–E I need, 1 teaspoon of mayonnaise made from safflower contains 3.0 mg of it and 1 teaspoon
of canola oil contains 2.4 mg. Vegetables themselves also contain vitamin–E, if I have salad twice a day that will take up to half of what is needed
everyday. Another reason I am not getting enough is because I eat a lot of white bread and white long–grained rice, which all have the grain germ
removed during production. However, wheat germ is a good source of vitamin–E; therefore, if I switch from white bread to whole–wheat bread and
white rice to brown rice, it will increase my vitamin–E intake. Since 30 grams of wheat germ contain 6 mg of vitamin–E, by introducing them into my
diet I will make up the other half of my daily need for it. As for snacks, I could start eating more nuts since they only contribute to a small amount, it
will make up for days where intakes are

Germs: A Short Story
Rosamund lay back in her bouncer sucking on her fingers as she seemed to be watching Sherlock who had an eyebrow lifted at her in return, ''Do
you know how many germs are contaminating your fingers? How many diseases you could receive by doing that?'' Sherlock stood and walked over
to the bouncer kneeling down to grab a ladybug patterned pacifier that hung from a built in string from the bouncers bar he looked rather annoyed
but surprisingly gentle when he pulled Rosie's fingers from her mouth and popped in her pacifier only when he stood up once more she spat it out
immediately her fingers were sucked on once more. Sherlock kneeled down once more grabbing the pacifier and wiping it upon his sleeve before
moving it around, ''This is what

Guns Germs And Steel
In Jared Diamonds book, Guns, Germs, and Steel, he outlines the major factors that have contributed to both European colonization, and subsequent
Indigenous defeats, as well as to globalization. Specifically, I will be expanding on the factors that contributed to Fernando Pizarro's miraculous, and
somewhat unlikely defeat of the Incan emperor Atahualpa at the battle of Cajamarca. Francisco Pizarro's defeat of the Incan Emperor Atahualpa with
only 168 Spaniards compared to an Incan army 500 times more numerous is seen historically as being a success by Diamond. This success can be seen
as being a conglomerate of different attributes rather than one single reason. To begin, the Spanish's far superior technological advancements gave them
a... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In his book, Technology, Disease, and Colonial Conquests, Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries: Essays Reappraising the Guns and Germs Theories, he
argues that Cajamarca itself could be considered more of a coup d'etat than an actual battle. As Raudzens explains, according to the Spanish
chronicler, Garcilo de la Vega, the "battle" was a diplomatic conference, where the guest negotiators happened to turn on their hosts, when they were
themselves most vulnerable. To Raudzens, this "battle" seems to have proven nothing about the military power of the Spanish, but rather of their
nastiness over the Incas. Another point expanded on by Rautzens is the "Guns and Germs" theory propagated by Diamond. To Rautzen, the
technological implications of the battle were a greater factor than that of disease, as disease did not directly impede on the battle itself. As Garcilo de
la Vega described about the battle, the Spanish's battle tactics consisted of cannon and Gun fire, followed by a charge of 62 cavalry, and lastly
completed with armored men on foot. To Raudzen, many of these points are over–dramatized in many accounts. Both the horses, and the guns of the
Spanish inhibited a large shock effect among the Inca, but their guns could only fire once and were few. As for the horses, the majority of the fighting
was taking place in an urban setting, which limited their maneuvering ability. Also the Incas did possess body armor, though it was not up to par with
that of the Spanish's steel.He also agrees with most scholars, (e.g. Diamond, Ibid, Hyman and Orish) in that the majority of the fighting took place
with swords. He ends by suggesting that rather than Pizarro's victory being one of a technological sort, it was one in which was more marginal than

Arguments Against Germs
Today, whenever a person gets sick, he/she can conveniently go to the doctor's office to get a diagnosis and are typically prescribed a variety of
antibiotics or treatments that help you recover quicker. But with the emergence of various diseases such as HIV, cancer, tuberculosis, etc. treatments
and modern medicine can do little to combat these viruses. Germs have higher chances to develop a resistance to drugs if they aren't used properly.
Specifically germs can adapt and evolve to their environment faster than almost any other organism. Experts estimate that "700,000 people die around
the world each year from drug–resistant germs, and they expect the number to grow sharply"(Withnall). In 2016 the United Nations convened for a
special session for the fourth time in their history to discuss a health issue that's "the greatest future threat to our civilization" (Withnall).

Guns Germs And Steel Summary
Guns, Germs, and Steel by Jared Diamond is a thought–provoking book that looks for an explanation as to why some societies are more substantially
successful than others. Diamond explains, this is a study of history's "haves" and "have nots." The author makes many compelling arguments that
indicates the difference between human societies is not because of differences with the intelligence of different people, but the differences in their
environments. Diamond argues Eurasia has always been more materially successful because the Eurasian land mass and environment has obvious
natural advantages. He supports his argument by explaining three major points,there were more varieties of grains for large scale farming, more
species of large animals could... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
He explains one of the most important results of the human domestication of farm animals was a transfer of diseases between animals and people.
Farm animals are the main reason smallpox, flu, plague, and many other diseases affected the human population. This is important because according
to Diamond, "The winners of past wars were not always the armies with the best generals and weapons, but were often merely those bearing the
nastiest germs to transmit to their enemies." (ch.11 p.189) Wars were not always won by the armies with the best weapons, they were often won by
the armies with the most contagious or deadliest diseases. Although the domestication of larger animals brought many struggles, they did prove to be
a great advantage. All large animals that could be domesticated were domesticated by 2500 BC. Some animals were not domesticated due to the fact
that they were too violent, they didn't grow fast enough, or they did not do well in captivity. However, people did discover 14 animal species that
proved to be extremely helpful. The animals were used for transporting goods, producing food, or for farming. In chapter 13 Diamond says "necessity is
sometimes the mother to invention" (p.232) The flourishing of inventions requires acceptance within a society, which is influenced by the invention's

Sheldon's Somatotyping
Review Questions
What are the four body types in William H. Sheldon's somatotyping? Describe each body type and identify which one Sheldon believed was related to
delinquency and crime.
The four body types in William H. Sheldon's somatotyping are endomorphs, mesomorphs, ectomorphs, and balanced individuals. Endomorphs are
individuals who are overweight with a large stomach. Mesomorphs are individuals who are muscular and athletic. Ectomorphs are individuals who are
thin and frail. Balanced individuals are not too overweight, thin, or muscular. Sheldon believed the mesomorph body type was related to delinquency
and crime.
What personality types did Hans J. Eysenck believe were related to crime? Describe each personality type and discuss why ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Most people understand that violence in media is purely for entertainment, and excites people. However, individuals with mental difficulties may not
understand that the violence in the media is for entertainment, but rather a calling for the individual to mimic their violence in the real world. I do not
think violence in the media should be censored unless extreme, such as extreme gore or violence on smaller children or animals. With proper
introduction to the violence, we can identify people with aggressive behavior before they do any criminal

The Theory Of The Germ Theory
The Germ Theory
a)The first response of the germ theory was unfavorably look upon, most people thought that diseases a bad seeds in the air known as miasma.
Anthony Van Leeuwenhoek made one of the earliest microscopes this lead to the discovery of micro–organisms which he called animalcules. Joseph
Lister developed the microscope in 1830.
Louis Pasteur put forward the germ theory in 1861 this consisted of micro–organisms cause decaying matter. Pasteur never showed the link between
bacteria and human disease. Robert Koch further developed Pasteur's theory. Koch succeeded in what Pasteur did by linking one microbe with a
disease. The first disease Koch worked on was anthrax, which Davaine had also worked on. Davaine found that in you inject a health animal with a
small dose of the disease they won't contract the disease. But Koch was able to further his research on the disease and its life cycle. It was the work
of Pasture and Koch that opened the door for other researchers to identification of disease–causing and lifesaving treatments.
b)For– The Germ theory
пЃ¶The Washing hand theory showed that midwives cleaned their hand more often than doctors which then later showed there were more deaths with
doctors than midwives.
пЃ¶Military hospitals used Lister's ideas and used aseptic and disinfectant in operations and equipment
пЃ¶Helps save and prevent death in everyday lives and in hospitals Against– The Germ theory
пЃ¶People thought it was impossible and I was

The Germ Theory Of Modern Medicine And Vaccines
Morgan Brewer
Mrs. Canuette
H. English III
10 November 2015
The Germ Theory The germ theory is crucial in the development of modern medicine and vaccines. It states that many diseases are caused by the
presence of specific microorganisms within the body and that infectious diseases caused by infectious agents. It was a theory developed in the middle
1800's, by Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, and Joseph Lister. This theory still underlines contemporary bio–medicine. It's responsible for the reduction in
the numbers of infectious diseases. The development of the theory eliminated environmental, diet, and climate influence on disease. The germ theory is
closely associated with existing ideas about health, hygiene, and sanitation. It encouraged the reduction of disease to simple interactions with
microorganisms and their host. The development was largely initiated largely by the Industrial Revolution. Infections and disease have been the biggest
challenge to human health. This theory is also known as the Pathogenic Theory of Medicine. It revolutionized medicine, understanding diseases, and
the microorganisms that cause them. "Infectious diseases are caused by pathogenic microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, parasites or fungi; the
diseases can be spread, directly or indirectly, from one person to another" (World Health Organization). They evolve from four main different types of
germs. These are viruses, bacteria, fungi, and protozoa. Bacteria are single celled

Guns, Germs, And Steel
Guns, Germs, and Steel
Book Review
Why do the origins of every major civilization lead to European conquest and settlement? How did Europe somehow gain the upper hand so early in
history? Gun, Germs, and Steel: The Fates of Human Societies delivers a clear theory as to why the Europeans were able to conquer almost the entire
world in less then one millennium. Jared Diamond, an esteemed historian takes readers on a journey through time. He explains that through many
different factors and resources, Europe was able to conquer nearly every civilization due to three major factors, guns, germs, and steel. Diamond
constructs the majority of his arguments based upon the political, economical, and natural differences and variances between each continent. In the
prologue, his friend Yali asks the question, "How did Europe end up with all the 'cargo'?" This question was never fully answered but Diamond goes
on to explain how Europe used this so–called "cargo" to exploit every weakness of smaller and less developed civilizations. So the question remains,
how did Europe get so lucky when it came to their natural resources and supplies? Many people think that the "cargo" found in Eurasia was
unquestionably responsible for allowing the European colonies to conquer almost every other society. In spite of the fact that Diamond constructs most
of his argument based upon this point, others believe that the cargo had nothing to do with Europe's success.
Did Europe have

Germ Research Paper
Catching a cold, flu, or nausea is very common, but where did it come from? Germs are everywhere on countertops, doorknobs, in laundry and in
bathrooms. One of the most common places to find germs are on the hands. There is not just one type of germ, there are many such as protozoa, fungi,
viruses, and bacteria. Protozoa are one–celled organisms that love moisture and often spread diseases through water. Some protozoa cause intestinal
infections that lead to diarrhea, nausea, and belly pain. Fungi are multi–celled plant–like organisms. Unlike other plants, fungi cannot make their own
food from soil, water, and air. Instead, they get their nutrition from plants, people, and animals. They prefer to live in damp, warm places which is why
athletes

Ovarian Cancer Case Study
Question #1 The first primary genetic consideration is that the risk for ovarian cancer is 8%–24% for women with a BRCA mutation. This also implies
that any child a woman with this mutation has, will have a 50% chance of inheriting the BRCA gene because they are autosomal dominant genes.
(Norris, Spelic, Snyder, & Tinley, 2009, p. 73) A second primary genetic consideration is that BRCA genes are autosomal dominant genes, which
means that these genes are equally likely to be passed on to a female or a male child from a parent with a BRCA mutation (Norris, Spelic, Snyder, &
Tinley, 2009, p. 73).
Question #2 Symptoms of bloating, pelvic pain, trouble eating, back pain, pain during sex or constipation should be included in health teaching for ...
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This allows their family members to ask questions that they may have towards the future of their life especially if they are carriers of the BRCA gene.
Centers that provide counseling have an open door policy and they accept any woman who needs help with support or help with decision making at
any point in the stage of the cancer. (Norris, Spelic, Snyder, & Tinley, 2009, p. 79)
Question #3 The National Ovarian Cancer Coalition (2012) stated that ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of death related to cancer in
women ages 35 to 74 and is estimated to occur in one out of 75 women during their lifetime (What is the general outlook for women diagnosed with
ovarian cancer section, para. 1). Survival rate depends on which stage the cancer is in when it is diagnosed. If caught and treated early, survival rate
is over 90% but if caught in or after stage III, the rate of survival can be 28%. (NOCC, 2012, What is the general outlook for women diagnosed with
ovarian cancer section, para. 2)
There are three common cell types in which, ovarian cancer is formed. Surface epithelium cells cover the outer lining of the ovaries and form
epithelial tumors that can either be benign (noncancerous) or cancerous carcinomas. Epithelial tumors are the most common and most dangerous out
of the 30 different types of ovarian cancer. (NOCC, Types of Ovarian Cancer, 2012, para. 2) Germ cells are destined to form the ova or eggs in which,
germ cell tumors can form from these cells.

Germ-Free Environment
A constant precaution we hear children being given in the last few decades is to stay away from germs. This has created the predominant opinion that
"the fewer germs in their environment, the healthier our children will be. To approve or disprove this popular opinion, I conducted a simple internet
search. The immediate results shown upon conducting an internet search seemed to disprove the assumption that a germ–free environment would be
safer for children. The National Public Radio reports that getting exposed to germs as a young in fact makes children develop healthier life (Shute,
2012). An article published in the New York Times corroborates this assertion by claiming that children touching, collecting and putting in their mouths
items

A Research Study On Regenerative Medicine And Transplantation
Regenerative medicine and transplantation is the recent advancement in the field of scientific medical research embarking on the evolvement of
embryonic stem cells(ESCs)and reprogrammed human somatic cells called induced pleuri potent stem cells(iPSCs) .Human embryonic stem cells
were first derived in 1998 by Thomson et al. and induced pleuri potent stem cells(iPSCs) in 2007(Thai Journal of Obstetrics and GynaecologyApril
2013) The innate proficiency of the human embryonic stem cells to differentiate into multiple cell lineages i.e pluripotency and worthy of self
renewal score them as invaluable sources in therapeutic and diagnostic field. However,there are some impediments seen in the generation and
utilisation of these ESCs as some countries believe that isolation of ESCS from embryos is detrimental to the embryos and as they are not patient
specific , auto rejection is observed in some cases. (Thai Journal of Obstetrics and GynaecologyApril 2013) To overcome this, scientists have
identified iPSCs by reprogramming of certain somatic cells. Vivid progression in the remedy of infertility will be possible with the transformation of
germ cells from stem cells.The mechanism of differentiation of ES cells in vitro and in vivo are not well inferred due to limited number of oocytes
available through donation programmes. Functional or mature gametes have fail to develop in vitro as germ cells do not develop beyond the earliest
stage, persistently generating low number

In his work, "Guns, Germs, and Steel" (W. W. Norton, New York, NY, 1997) Jared Diamond attempts to explain why human history has carried out
the way it has, he often refers to accounts from history to support his argument. Accounts that will be deemed adequate will discuss specific groups of
people, at a specified period of time. Diamond suggests that guns, germs, and steel are three contributing factors for why the world is in its current
state. It is not difficult to recognize while reading, that the book spends a large amount of time talking about germs and much less text discussing
guns and steel. In "Guns, Germs, and Steel" Diamond does adequately account for the historical development of guns and steel, in the way he
accounts for the role of germs in the history of human societies. It is no debate that germs played a massive role in many important events in history,
but guns came late, were not very effective at first, and steel production was most important militarily. Diamond goes into incredible detail, especially
in his chapter "The Lethal Gift of Livestock" of his proposed history of germs in relation to humans. He considers the difference in domesticated
animals in the old world and new world, attributes their power to the downfall of the Incan and Aztec empires when he writes, "...the most advanced
native societies of North America...their destruction was accomplished largely by germs alone."(373–373, Diamond) It is fact that populations

Good Germs, Bad Germs
Many books that can be read will captivate you, can give you another world to live in, can sweep you off of your feet and never set you back down
again. Rarely can a book alter your view so entirely about the world you live in, just by giving you more information about what exactly your world
is made up of. The book Good Germs, Bad Germs did this for me. Each chapter strategically broke down the history of microbes and bacteria and how
they have been perceived (or not perceived) throughout history. Each expanding step lists the theories that were building blocks for the future of the
study of microbes. From Nurse Nightingale, Colonel George Waring, Antoni van Leeuwenhoek and Bonnie Bassler there were medical advances that
helped the field of medicine greatly. Even groups who did not believe in the germs made large steps to clean up the population. Each person
mentioned in the book had some sort of contribution to the start of fighting against bacteria and viruses, with Nurse Nightingale disinfecting the work
area, Waring started cleaning up the streets and created the way to keep sewage separate from the drinking water and Leeuwenhoek who identified
bacteria in the first place. This entire book gives as much information as possible without the reader needing a medical degree. It gave an in depth look
at the formation and the ability of bacteria to live within the body and outside the body and how the body actually collects the bacteria. From attaining
bacteria from the

Germs In The Workplace
There's nothing worse than walking up to the leg press and seeing someone's sweaty and wet butt mark on the black padded seat. Yuck. Now, there's no
shame in being covered in sweat during a great workout, in fact I encourage the sweat. Unfortunately though, not everyone in the gym appreciates
sitting down in a pool of another persons sweat.
Let's try something, close your eyes. (No peaking)
Raise your hand if you've ever walked away from gym equipment without wiping it down?
Open your eyes.
If you had your hand up, know that you're not alone. Just this past week I was doing my usual workout, minding my own business, and I noticed
several individuals walk away from the equipment without wiping it off. I have a problem with this for two ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
If your symptoms are below the neck, stay home. Spreading germs at the gym is poor etiquette, no matter how serious you are about working out.
In general, most gyms provide cleaning solution and towels to wipe down the equipment with. In the case that your gym does not, try Clorox
disinfecting wipes, vinegar and water, borax solution, or store–bought wet wipes. Refrain from touching your eyes, mouth or face in general before
washing your hands.
As a general rule and form of habit, I always wash my hands after my workout immediately before I grab my stuff out of a locker. For good measure, I
wash my hands once again before leaving and then again after I get home. When I was little, my dad always asked whenever we get home from
anywhere if we washed our hands, and I swear I hear his voice every time I get home. (Thanks Dad...)
Moral of the story: WIPE DOWN THE MACHINE PEOPLE. Don't be that guy or gal that walks away from the equipment knowingly leaving a pile
of sweat on the seat. First of all, ewe and second, your parents or guardians taught you better.
Stay happy and germ–free, my

How Did The Developement Of The Germ Theory
The germ theory began when one scientist became motivated to disprove the theory of spontaneous generation. This curiosity and motivation led to
major changes in the health of humanity. This theory helped the future generations while providing methods to prevent disease. The developpement of
the germ theory allowed other scientists to expand on this concept and develop ways to apply information to care for individuals with disease and help
in the modern world. Microorganisms are miniscule, they easily invade humans, animals and other living hosts which then lead to disease. Louis Pasteur
a french biologist conducted a variety of experiements, his individual geniusness and technology helped the discovery of the germ theory which
radically changed the practice of medecine. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Louis Pasteur's discovery of the relationship between germ and disease was only the beginning to developping a permanent solution. The theory led to
the realization that handwashing helps prevent the spread of disease and disinfection can eliminate germs. Disinfection and handwashing affected
humanity because the rates of infectious disease began to decline and epidemics lasted for a shorter time spand and overall mortality decreased as a
result. The introduction of the theory affected how humanity viewed the human body. People began to believe that dirt contained microorganisms and
could cause an infection, which lead to bathing frequently. Alongside his discovery were his inventions, for example the machine used to screen and
detect silkworm eggs which saved the European silk industry and helped prevent silkworm

Germs Research Paper
Have you ever wondered what Germs are and what they do? Well Germs are tiny organisms that can cause diseases. Once they get inside your body
gems can devour your nutrients and energy. They can produce toxins that cause infections like fevers, rashes, sniffles, coughing, etc.Two major types of
germs are viruses and bacteria. A bacteria is a microscopic organism that is a member of cellular microorganisms that have cell walls. Bacteria can be
found all around the world. They can be found in soil, water, plants, animals, arctic ice, glaciers, hot springs, etc. Bacteria have been around for a very
long time. They existed even before humans.
Not all bacteria are harmful, a portion of bacteria living inside animals are helpful. The bacteria ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Bacteria cells are somewhat different from plant or animal cells. A bacteria cell has no nucleus are membrane–bound organelles. Unlike animal or plant
cells have pill flagella and a cell capsule. The cell membrane on the bacterial holds protein, nutrients, and other important components inside the cell.
The cell membrane of a bacteria cell has many different names. It 's be called plasma, lipid membrane or cytoplasm.
The second type of germs are Viruses. Viruses are biological agent that reproduces inside the cells of living things. The word virus comes from the
Latin root word "poison" or "slimy liquid". They can be over a million times smaller than bacteria. They can only be seen in an electron microscope.
Viruses are not alive but they aren't exactly dead either.
There are three types of viruses. Good viruses, ugly viruses, and bad viruses. Good viruses are viruses that protect you. A virus called bacteriologist
can kill bacteria. It's used to protect people against harmful bacteria in food. Ugly viruses cause a lot of trouble. This virus spreads rapidly and can
make people awfully ill. Bad viruses are just like ugly viruses but less harmful. They can cause diseases and infections.
There are

Germs Observation Report
Health is not merely the absence of disease or sickness but the state of complete physical, mental, and social well being, according to the World Health
Organization. With that being said, Health is more then just becoming ill and taking medication. Prevention is better then finding a cure, and there are
many small things that you can do to hinder harmful and infectious germs from entering your body. One of the main ways to stay away from germs
and other harmful microscopic organisms is to wash your hands. Although it seems useless, our hands play a significant role in the transportation of
germs from one place to another because of the amount we use our hands. Simple things like washing your hands before and after eating, when using
the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The seminar was successful because the kids were then able to properly show me how to wash their hands. The seminar also proved to be very
effective as the kids were more aware of the millions of germs or "cooties" all around them. The kids had fun and teaching them how to increase
their chance of remaining, as a Registered Nurse was more then worth it. The community responded positively to the seminar I held for the
children. They persuaded me to come back to talk to other groups of kids about the importance of washing your hands and to stay away from
germs. The children that participated in the seminar went home to tell their parents and gave them the flyer I passed out in class. The school took
action and started placing more signs in bathrooms and hallways about the importance of washing hands. The teachers in the school also began
having things like disinfectant wipes, and hand sanitizers handy in the classroom. The school saw the positive reaction from the kids and used it as
fuel to create a cleaner environment for them in the classroom and outdoors. Actions are being taken and going to continue to be taken to ensure the
kids are in the cleanest environment possible. The experience as a whole was very effective but most of all necessary. The kids were able to properly
identify with germs even

Prologue:
1.Yali's question puzzles over why the white people have become more successful than others. Diamond states that Eurasian societies were set to
dominate from before 3000 B.C. He wants to know why other races are unable to be as advanced with technology and power.
2.Diamond's first objection is implying that if we explain why some people rule over others we're okay with the domination by others. His second
reason explains that Europeans are disappearing anyways and it's wrong to talk about them dominating the world. His third objection states that we
must understand other societies and that the question implies that some are better than others.
3.A "Eurocentric" approach to history is a way of teaching history, mainly focused onEurope, while ignoring the other countries such as China, India,
Japan, Southeast Asia, or other societies.
4.Diamond believes that everyone's intelligence is based on where they live and grew up. One major point explaining that Europeans are not more
inborn intelligent than New Guineans, is that the New Guineans need intelligence to live in the wilderness. Another is the lack of entertainment and
distractions they have which doesn't negatively affect their brain development.
5.Passive entertainment means little to no interactivity due to entertainment such as television, videogames, or radio. While Americans are busy
spending hours with these activities, New Guineans are out doing something that encourages them

Human Relationship And Genetic Development And The...
The development of the chick involves fertilization, division and growth of living cells, and segregation of cells into groups of special function
(tissues). Once the egg is laid, some embryonic development has happened and then usually stops until proper cell conditions are met for the incubation
to resume. At the beginning of the stages, the cells are alike, but as the embryo develops, cells are specialized. After the start of incubation, a thick
pointed layer of cells become visible caudal or tail end of the embryo. From the primal start, both the head and backbone of the embryo develop.
The digestive tract forms and the blood islands appear. Later on, the blood islands would develop into a vascular and blood system. The second day
of incubation, the blood islands link and begin to form a vascular system, while the heart is formed elsewhere. By the 44th hour of incubation, both
the vascular system and heart join, and the heart starts beating. By the end of the third day of incubation, the beak begins forming. And limb buds for
the wings and legs are seen. The chicks body turns 90В° and turns it's left side on the yolk. Both the head and tail get closer so the embryo forms a
"C" shape. The mouth, tongue, and nasal pits develop in the digestive and respiratory systems. Even though it hasn't been enclosed within the body, the
heart continues to enlarge. And by the end of the fourth day of incubation, the embryo has all of the needed organs to bolster life after hatching.
The

Germs: A Brief Summary
Germs is a collaboration from three writers/Pulitzer prize winners, Judith Miller, a reporter/writer for The New York Times, Stephen Engelberg,
reported for The Times on national security, and William Broad, a science writer for The Times. In their Preface, Miller describes their morning of
September 11, 2001. How better to catch an American reader's attention than broaching the subject of 9/11. "Where were you on the morning of 9
/11?" We connect our lives and our own life story based on this tragic event in our country's history. Miller and her coauthors had a begun research for
this book several years before this terrorist attack. As she outlines the morning of 9/11, just blocks away from ground zero while watching these
devastating physical... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
I believe these are fair assessments, there are politicians at the top of our government that need a "Wake up call". The book though well written
became very difficult to follow. There was quite a bit of jumping around in time throughout the book. I did understand they were trying to follow a
particular subject. There were many names of scientists, foreign and American, politicians, foreign and American, with the names of foreign countries,
with their current and previous names. Reading Germs was a bit of a history lesson for me. I've thought the US government is supposed to protect its
citizens. Germs reveals some significant misgivings our US government has. Though given abundant information and data from leading scientists and
researchers, the government still made no head way in the development of mass production of vaccines that would save American citizens if
biological attacks did happen. Critical decisions were made based on the amount of money that would be needed to front the production of vaccines,
protective gear or even education to the medical community on the front lines of any impending attacks. Germs, gives a revealing look at the
biological weapons programs that have existed in the US, Russia and Iraq in the past and that likely still exists

Why Germs Are Important
Quarter 2 Paper Sometimes the most insignificant items that people take for granted turn out to be the most crucial and necessary. One item whose
importance is undermined and underestimated are shoes. Shoes are everywhere and everyone owns at least one pair. From protecting your feet to
keeping up with the latest fashion, shoes play a major role in everyday life though it may not be apparent at all times. Shoes: the greater protectors of
our feet that don't get enough credit for their services. Imagine walking around barefoot, both outside and inside. Since the ground isn't soft and
comfortable, instead usually hard and rough, walking around barefoot would be a pain. Stepping on occasional rocks that pierce your feet and then
wincing in pain would be common. Thus, shoes keep a person safe from injuries. There can be a number of hazardous... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Now, think about how many germs are on the ground, with millions of people walking on it everyday. The thought of millions of different types of
germs coming in contact with a person's feet is disturbing. Going barefoot is basically inviting germs to enter your feet and cause trouble. Shoes, on
the other hand, are the barrier between having healthy feet and germ infested feet. Thus, the importance of shoes correlates with a person's health, as
it negates contact between a foot and the ground. Besides protecting your feet from injuries and germs, shoes can be utilized for leisure. They
provide cushioning, support, and comfort to a person's feet. Walking barefoot can be painful for some individuals, especially if it's outside. That
being said, shoes are multidimensional and can aid a person in many ways. Also, it is said that shoes correct and improve bad posture. Unless being
hunched over is the new trend, people usually prefer having a straight and composed posture. Not only do shoes protect/improve your health, they are
also used for

Microorganisms : The Germ Theory
The germ theory states that many diseases and therefore pathogens are caused by the present and action of specific microbes. (Sciencemuseum.org.uk,
2017) The theory was developed and proven by two scientist, Louis Pasture in the 1860's followed by Robert Koch in the later decades. The original
theory was linked to spontaneous generation, which infers to the apparent appearance of life in some supposedly sterile environments. The germ theory
was less controversial when Pasture underwent an investigation involving the actions of the bacteria yeast on the fermentation process of wine. Pasture
observed that the skins of grapes contain small amounts of yeast which aided the fermentation process to produce wine. During fermentation he noted
that the yeast appeared healthy and budding, but soon observed under the microscope, other microbes among the yeast cells, causing the wine to turn to
vinegar. (Big Picture, 2017) Through the analysis of several experiments shown in figure 7, involving the actions of wine fermentation in different
environments Pasture prove that fermentation only occurred when acquiring contact with dust in the air and more specially the bacteria on the dust.
(Animalresearch.info, 2017) This is the bases of microbiology.
Since then many studies and investigations have been designed around pathogenic microorganisms to gain a developed and scientific understanding of
how they function, what factors affect their growth, what diseases they cause and how to reduce the amount present in an environment.
(Sielearning.tafensw, 2017)
Pathogens can be transmitted through direct contact and indirect contact. Direct contact refers to the disease–causing microbe passed from one
infected organism to another susceptible organism though physical contact. (Delaware Health and Social Services, 2017) Indirect contact is the spread
of pathogens through water source or the atmosphere and contaminated surfaces or objects such as food. (DHSS, 2017) Pathogens are most commonly
spread through waterborne bacterial diseases. Once an environment has been contaminated the spread of bacteria is immanent unless the conditions of
the environment, such as temperature, change, resulting in the water being unfavourable for

The Germ Theory
"In the light of the germ theory...[d]jseases are to be considered as a struggle between the organism and the parasites invading it." The aforementioned
quote, by Henry Gandle, a professor of physiology at Chicago Medical College, characterizes the germ theory through the collective human struggle
against disease inducing microorganisms. In a period of discovery, where the nature of various germs and diseases were brought to light, the common
conception encompassed a war between humans and diseases; this analogy to a war implicates a united effort on the part of the human race in battling
these dangerous microorganisms. Tomes writes in The Gospel of Germs not only of the different scientific discoveries associated with the emergent
germ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the Southwood–Smith excerpt, he depicts the ideal method of quarantine as influenced by "neither ancient prejudices, nor an excess of anxiety to
avert possible danger, should induce the continuance of restrictions inessential to their object." In other words, Southwood–Smith acknowledges not
only the active societal biases, but also that these partialities can enter the medical realm through prejudicial treatment of disease. A society with such
prominent discrimination, including in those with medical clout, has the capacity to formulate racial and class bias in germ theory that is but an
extension of already existing anxieties concerning other 'less well off' members of society. Rather than bringing people together in response to the fear
of disease, quarantine had the capacity to create a more segregated society praying on the middle and upper–class fears of disease spreading through
the other, discriminated members of society. African Americans are among the societal groups that lacked the societal cohesiveness Tomes attributes to
the gospel of germs insofar as they remained segregates and relatively uneducated on the new germ theories in comparison to other members of society.
In an

Guns, Germs And Steel
About the author (1) In his article, "Lethal gift of livestock" from his book Guns, Germs and Steel, Jared Diamond shares his opinion on why and
how diseases play a vital role in the degrees of power that different peoples obtain. Between teaching geography to UCLA undergraduates, doing
field research on birds , writing books, and promoting sustainable environmental policies, Jared Diamond is the director of the international
environmental organizations World Wildlife Fund, as well as the writer of Guns, Germs and Steel which was awarded the awarded the Pulitzer
Prize. He lived in Europe for several years after graduating college, and perused a doctorate in physiology. In 1958 While at Cambridge University,
Jared experienced the aftermath of World War II that lead him to learn about the society of Germany, Finland Yugoslavia and other countries. Later
moving back to the US, he had a career in laboratory physiological research and as a professor at UCLA Medical School. He is particularly interested
in the science of history and social science. (<>>>>)... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After some research, the book was written to answer one question: "why Eurasian peoples, rather than peoples of other continents, became the ones
to develop the ingredients of power (guns, germs, and steel) and to expand around the world."(WEBSITE). Diamond writes based on his living in
New Guinea. He Claims it took him over 25 years until he was ready to offer an answer. After reviewing his works and his experiences, it seems
that he has a right to an opinion and a good one too. Many of the works are either published by university publishers, or come from other scholarly
journals, which lends a good amount of credibility and reliability to his sources. The evidence of his works and his education shows that the author is
well versed in this area of

Guns Germs And Steel
Throughout Guns, Germs, and Steel, Jared Diamond explains the importance of geography in the ways ancient civilizations grew and spread and
how some areas were more advanced than others. He began his research when he was asked a question by a Papua New Guinea residence, Yali. Yali
had asked Diamond "[w]hy you white man have so much cargo and we New Guineans have so little?" At that point Diamond had no answer and he
was curious to find out why Eurasia had a head start in civilizing people meanwhile the other continents were behind. As a result, several differences
were made between countries that did not have the same resources as those who were advanced. Some of the developing countries were poor and they
had to rely on whatever was given to them through nature. When Diamond went to Papua New Guinea, he discovered that the residences of the island
had the same routine as those in the ancient civilizations of Eurasia. They would often hunt for animals and used stone weapons instead of metal....
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They didn't have the proper farmland and the same animals. Furthermore, this digressed the way their civilization spread and grew. Diamond
researched and established that certain lands were blessed only due to their geographical location. The earliest civilization began in the Fertile
Crescent in the Middle East. This land had rich soil and a variety of animals, which made the land promised and geographically lucky. As time
passed people living in the area learned new ways to keep their civilization alive. The Fertile Crescent became known as the "Promised Land" and a
way of survival was introduced as farming and the domestication of

Prevent Germ Spreading
There might be a lot of great things about working in an office with others in your field, such as being able to network with others and being able to
collaborate on projects. However, there is one aspect of working in an office that isn't so great –– the spreading of germs. Unfortunately, this can
become an even bigger problem during flu season, when you have to be particularly careful about not getting sick.
Even though it might not seem easy to prevent germ–spreading throughout your office building, there are a few steps that you can take to keep
yourself healthy and prevent the other employees from getting one another sick. Follow these tips, and you're sure to notice a difference this year
during flu and cold season.
Hire a Good ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Along with straightening up the office, it's also important to ensure that the bathroom, floors and other parts of the office are sanitized. A good
janitorial service will ensure that everything is nice and clean and will take care of the sanitizing for you. It will also ensure that there is ample soap,
paper towels and other hand washing supplies in the restrooms.
Use Hand Sanitizer
Hand sanitizer is cheap and works well at getting rid of germs. Therefore, it is smart to stock up on a few bottles of hand sanitizer to place throughout
the office. Although your employees might not think about carrying around their own personal bottles of hand sanitizer, they will be more likely to use
it if it is distributed in handy places throughout the building.
Invest in Sanitizing Wipes
Germs can be spread in a host of ways, including through sharing office phones or touching the same equipment, such as the fax machine or the coffee
maker. Keep sanitizing wipes on hand all throughout the office, and encourage employees to wipe down the phones, fax machines, microwaves, coffee
makers and more throughout the day. Make it easy for the employees, and lead by

The Study of Germs
GERMS For as long as humans have been on this planet, the microscopic life forms that we call germs, or pathogens, have been here too. For all
this time they have been multiplying in the soil, in the water, and in our bodies. They are in the mouth, on the skin, and even in important organs.
But that is not always a bad thing, because humans could not live without germs. Some germs, or "microbes" help digest food, while others produce
vitamins. Most of the time, people and germs coexist peacefully; in fact there are trillions of germs on you right now. Even though some germs are
good for us and help us, others can give us diseases. Some diseases only make us sick for a period of time, while others cause incurable and deadly
illnesses.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Respiratory Infection (including flu) 3.8 million died 2. HIV/Aids, 2.9 million died 3. Diarrheal diseases (including cholera), 2 million died 4.
Tuberculosis, 1.6 million died 5. Malaria, 1.1 million died 6. Measles, 745,000 thousand died 7. Whooping cough, 285,000 thousand died 8. Tetanus,
282,000 thousand died 9. Meningitis, 173,000 thousand died 10. Syphilis, 167,000 thousand died These infectious diseases can be spread in a
frightening variety of ways; through the air, from person to person, by touching infected material, through a healthy carrier of the disease–causing
organism, by animals including household pets, by insects such as mosquitoes, fleas and ticks, and infected water or food. The manner in which a
disease is spread depends on the particular organism causing the disease. Germs have shaped human life in many dramatic ways. Around 9,000 B.C.,
humans became farmers. Because of close contact with farm animals, the number of human diseases exploded. Measles come from dogs, flu comes
from pigs, anthrax from sheep, and tuberculosis from cows. People in tight knit farm communities spread these illnesses easily. Around 1347, the
Black Death spread from Asia to Africa and Europe. Within five years it killed at least one third of all Europeans. In 1492, Christopher Columbus
landed in the new world. His crew and later arrivals brought diseases such as Small pox with them. Native Americans had no immunity, and between
50 and 90

Development Of Cells And Pluripotent Germ Cells
Development of germ cells from embryonic stem cells and pluripotent germ cells. The need to have children is one that outstrips almost all other
desires in life; however, many biological and environmental issues have arisen to deny some of this natural opportunity afforded to many others.
From this we have seen the rise of solutions such as assisted reproduction which affords the chance for people to experience child rearing and care
however, it does not offer in most cases the opportunity for the experience to be with their own biological children. The need of people to have
biological children has given rise to research in to deriving gametes from other sources such as pluripotent stem cells or embryonic stem cells.
Infertility is... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From this the embryos are cultured for up to 5 days and if viable, one or more are placed in the uterus for the remaining reproductive cycle to occur
(Sherbahn, 2015). Furthermore, current assisted reproductive techniques such as intrauterine insemination have decreased the time required for the
procedure and increased the chances of pregnancy (IVF Australia, 2015). These procedures however, are only applicable for cases which involve
physical or environmental problems such as low sperm counts or poor motility of sperm in males or endometriosis in females (Todd, 2015) and
therefore can not help people that have genetic issues with their gametes which is a more difficult issue to overcome. Currently couples that have
sterile gametes can only resort to donor banks for sperm and/or eggs which removes one or both parents as genetic contributors to the embryos make
up however recent research in embryonic stem cells and pluripotent stem cells have lead researchers to hypothesise their use to create new gametes
for male and females with their own genetic material thus allowing them to have biological children (Bhartiya, Hinduja, Patel, & Bhilawadikar 2014).
Research being conducted by Hayashi et al (2011), showed that it was possible to create live mouse pups from sperm cells that

Germs Against Infections
Your child has just started going to school. It offers you a lot of satisfaction to see her growing up into a happy and healthy little person. You want to
make sure that she is always protected from germs and diseases. Even as you put in extra efforts to keep her surroundings clean and germ–free, she
can easily get infected at school. Read on to find out how you can guard your child against infections that she could catch at school.
How germs spread
Germs can spread fast when a large number of children gather at one place and one of them carries the microorganisms of any illness. Generally
schools are ideal places for germs to spread their menace. Even one infected child can pose a risk to the others. Touching, sneezing, coughing and
sharing ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
п‚§Strictly advise your child not to touch the cuts, rashes or sores of other children or allow them to touch hers.
Proper hygiene
It is important that proper hygiene must be maintained at home as well so that the germs that your child picks up at school can be controlled at home.
п‚§Teach her the proper technique to wash her hands with soap and a hand sanitizer.
п‚§Clean her items properly every day after she returns from school. Use a disinfectant to cleanse her tiffin box and water bottle.
п‚§Do not allow your child to attend school if she is very sick, in order to control the spread of germs.
п‚§Fill her water bottle with safe water from home instead of having her depend on the water supply at school in order to minimize the risk of
water–borne infections.
п‚§Ask your child to stay away from other children when she or one of her friends are coughing or sneezing.
п‚§Always provide her with tissues and neat handkerchiefs when she leaves for school.
п‚§Be careful to cover up her cuts and sores with a bandage.
п‚§Inform her school about her illness.
п‚§Discourage your child from touching her nose, eyes and mouth without properly washing her

The Benefits of Balancing Calories
This is not a diet – or a rigorous exercise . ( Nobody can stick to the usual. ) Instead , it is a simple way to make a loss of natural part of life and life
weight. And guess what? This is fun! You do not have to give up the foods you love, or join a gym . It is to balance calories so tiny in addition to
great benefits. You just adopt some tricks naturally lean people . Choose the ones you like, stick with them , and you lose weight and tone up– for good!
Pros: The worst foods you can eat
morning Makeover
A . Wake Up Workout When your eyes open, sit up slowly without using your hands . With legs straight, lean forward until you feel a slight stretch in
your back and hamstrings. Hold ; then using the abs , I go TV . Rest and repeat two more times . Strengthens core. Burn 10 calories
Two . They go for the grains are not ready forcereal branches and rocks ? Sprinkle with a few tablespoons of wheat germ or oats. Work up to 3/4 cup
low–sugar whole–grain cereal with at least three grams of fiber per serving , and you will spend on this Dane . Save 100
Three . Add some protein The more you eat earlier, the less you eat as the day wears on , research has shown . So after your cereal , add a hard egg or
partially skimmed mozzarella stick you feeling full – and away from that pre– lunch brownie. Saves 200 ( or more)
April. Balance booster While teeth, another standing on one leg during a change of the mouth quadrants (every 30 seconds) brush. Balancing develops
your core

Revolutionary Germ Theory: The Great Minds Responsible Essay
Revolutions happen because of the need to change the present. As a result, the transformation could favor one team or help a group of people in the
positive cases. The revolution in medicine, especially the germ theory of disease was a huge wake up call for most people. Germ theory was quite
possibly the most important part of the revolution of medicine. It informed the people of the existence of germs and the importance of hygiene. There
were many revolutions in history. Most were bloody, but the outcome of this revolution was eternal and the stepping–stone of medicine and surgery.
Robert Koch, Louis Pasteur, and Joseph Lister contributed to the ever–changing germ theory that started many profound discoveries and
understandings. It takes ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the prominent men behind the germ theory was Robert Koch, a German physician, who laid the foundation for the theory. Koch
experimented on animals because he noticed what most people saw as a mystery. He used a microscope to look at blood that belonged to cows
that died of anthrax. Koch discovered that there were tiny bacteria shaped like a rod and supposed that it was a disease called anthrax. Out of
curiosity, he transported the bacteria to mice, which also acquired anthrax. His observation of the transportation of anthrax led Koch to create the
four standards that determines that a certain germ can cause a specific disease. Koch's criterion famously known as Koch's Postulates and are still
commonly used. His third postulate is, "the disease must be reproduced when a pure culture is inoculated into a healthy, susceptible host." In other
words, a disease is able to multiply when a clean group of germs introduces itself to a vulnerable animal to house the germs. Robert Koch launched
the germ theory for other great minds to enhance by discovering a disease and creating a set of principles. Many scientists say that several people
saw his great idea and followed him on the way to discovery, but others opposed it. One of the followers was Louis Pasteur who seems to get most of
the credit for the start of the germ theory. Pasteur was a French microbiologists and a dedicated man

Bread Germs Hypothesis
Bread Gurms
–What we need done
Research
*Enough information to make a hypothesis and understand "why"
*At least 5 credible sites " .gov or .org
*Make a bibliography
*In your own words
Information: Why you want to do this projects, this project is to show you how much germs are on your hands when they're clean, not clean, and with
hand sanitizer. There a lot of germs around and this is a test to see how many germs are around.
Hypothesis: I think if you don't wash your and touch the bread than that bread will have the most blue spots.
Steps: Materials: Three pieces of bread, three plastic bags to fit the bread, hand sanitizer, be able to wash your hands (sink and soap), Paper Towels.
Steps: 1. Gather materials
2. Rub you hands on

The Early Stages Of Embryo Development
Mark Jones
Writing Assignment
3/5/2017
During the early stages of embryo development, a multitude of signals are being released, some of which specify a cell, such as the neural plate,
somites, and notochord, to a dorsal fate. In earlier experiments done by Spemann and Mangold in 1924 that if the dorsal lip of the of the early gastrula
was transplanted to a more ventral position in the embryo, the embryo would develop a new secondary axis. The study showed that the organizer
respecified the original tissue to develop neural tissue instead. This suggested that the dorsal lip played a key role in signaling to determine cell fates
in early embryos. Several of the signals observed in the organizer were BMP antagonists. However, in previous ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Sox2, which is a marker for the neural plate, was observed in each of the knockdowns that were performed. In each case, there was little to no effect on
the Sox2 marker and most the neural plate developed. This indicated that there was some overlap in the BMP antagonists or that other signals were
responsible for the neural plate development (Khokha et al., 2005). The two results from the single and double knockdown experiments were tested by
a morpholino that targeted three antagonists, follistatin, chordin, and noggin. A ОІ–catenin morpholino was also injected into the embryo to test
whether another signaling pathway was responsible for the development of the neural plate (Heasman et al., 2000). Both these experiments resulted in
the absence of the neural plate. Another observation that was made was that the dorsal mesoderm was also absent when ОІ–catenin and the FCN
morphant was injected into the embryo (Khokha et al., 2005). This suggested that BMP antagonist is not only needed for neural plate development,
but it is also needed for the dorsal mesoderm to develop. To show that the absence of the neural plate and dorsal mesoderm was a result of the BMP
morphant and not some other reason, two rescue experiments were performed. Puffer fish noggin mRNA was injected into the FCN morphant, which
resulted in the reappearance of the neural plate and the dorsal mesoderm. Another possible explanation for the absence of the two tissues could have
been the toxicity of the

Germs: A Short Story
I was wrong about the hot dogs, but more importantly, about the margaritas. Both were served at dinner time. I'd wanted to be the one to serve Bryan
his first drink since we had lost everything. However, by the time I got through the dinner line and found him, he was already at the bottom of a large
plastic cup. Stray over–sized salt crystals clung to the rim, and I knew that someone had stolen that joy from me. When I walked through the kitchen
off to the right, I cringed a bit; I'd been denied the opportunity to serve out of it earlier, and I still didn't understand why. I hadn't been able to track
down Bryan all day, so I resorted to playing with the kids at the playground, a huge wooden play structure set on fake grass a few levels above the
ball park. At first, I could only think of how many germs were on indoor playsets, but a snap to reality reminded me that there were worse things
around us than flu germs. I didn't even know what kind of germs we were dealing with, or if we would all get sick sooner or later. Better to let the
kids find their joy right now. The little kids' eyes lit up when they saw it. The weight they'd been carrying fell away with a quick... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
When I tried to find him at lunch, I couldn't locate the clinic anywhere. I asked an older lady in a white coat who looked like she might be a doctor
where the clinic was. She looked at me confused, and then her eyes lingered over the tops of the kids' heads, like she couldn't bear to look them in
the eye. "Excuse me. I'm very busy. I'm sorry I can't help you," she said, and then rushed past me like I was on fire and she might burst into flame
too if she didn't hurry off. "That was weird," Shae said, and I nodded. I was used to seeing people uncomfortable around our family, but it was usually
because we were so large, or because our children come from so many different backgrounds. This seemed different,

Germ Theory Of Disease

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