Informative presentation on awareness of using antibodies as biosensors.

1. Presented by :
ANAM GOHAR

3. TALENTED LLAMAS
 Fuzzy, camel-like creatures
 Learn to caddy golf clubs
 Compete in contests
 Fur can be spun into yarn
 Immune system for dandruff
control
 Warn us of bioterrorism attacks

4. HOW IS A CHAMPION
JUMPING LLAMA GOING
TO PROTECT ME FROM
SOME CRAZY TERRORIST
RUNNING AROUND WITH
ANTHRAX?
The secret is in their blood.

5. BIOSENSORS
 Simple devices made of
antibodies
 Detect the signs of
biological warfare
 Complex protein tailored to
clamp onto a specific target
 Cloned from animal anti
bodies
 Different sensors detect
different diseases

6. IMMUNOGLOBIN G (IGG)
 Human immune system antibody
 They’re delicate protein chains
 Have both heavy and light chains
 Complex in structure
 Expensive & time-consuming to produce
 Short shelf life
 Requires refrigeration
 Breaks down above 150 F (~65⁰C)

7. DEC .1 ISSUE OF THE ACSS
 Ellen R. Goldman
from U.S. Naval
Research Laboratory in
Washington, DC &
 Andrew Hayhurst of
Southwest Foundation
For Biomedical
Research
 Described a report for
a semi-monthly
journal on their
investigation about
llamas’ antibodies

8. “WE'RE INTERESTED IN THE
DEVELOPMENT OF BIOSENSORS FOR
BIOTHREATS IN THE FIELD, AND
HOPEFULLY THESE ANTIBODIES WILL HELP
LEAD TO MORE RUGGED ANTIBODIES
THAT HAVE LONGER SHELF LIVES AND
NOT REQUIRE REFRIGERATION.”
Ellen R. Goldman said:

9. SDABS OR NANOBODIES
 Llamas’ antibodies, single-domain antibody
 1/10th the size of IgGs
 Heavy protein chains
 Hardy but simple
 More durable
 Withstand 200F (~90 ⁰C)
 No refrigeration
 Less expensive
 Libraries of sensors can be made.

10. DIFFERENCE
 They are delicate.
 These are complex, and
both light and heavy
chains.
 Refrigeration required.
 Needs larger space.
 Shorter shelf life.
 Can’t bear above 150 F.
 Expensive.
 Time consuming.
 They are stong.
 These are simple
heavy chains of
antibodies.
 No refrigeration.
 Small and sturdy.
 Longer shelf life.
 Can bear about 200 F.
 Less expensive.
 Developed quickly.
IgGs sdAbs

11. DIFFERENCE

12. GOALS OF SDABS
 Successfully identify :
 Cholera toxin
 Smallpox virus surrogate (substitute)
 Ricin
 Highly sensitive means to detect 7 types of
BoNTs:
 100 billion x toxic than cyanide
 Threat of Anthrax, Ebola virus
 All seven toxoids can be sensitively and selectively
detected in several food items including milk, carrot
juice, orange juice and cola.

13. “LLAMAS' SINGLE-DOMAIN ANTIBODIES
MAY ALLOW BIOSENSORS TO BE
REGENERABLE AND USED OVER AND
OVER WITHOUT LOSS OF ACTIVITY, ALSO,
FOR SOME TYPES OF [BOTULINUM
TOXINS], CONVENTIONAL ANTIBODIES ARE
NOT GENERALLY AVAILABLE AND WE ARE
FILLING THIS BIOSECURITY GAP.”
Southwest Foundation virologist
Andrew Hayhurst said:

15. ASCS REPORT CONCLUDED:
On the whole this report on llamas antibody’s use
in biowarfare can be concluded as:
"The delivery speed and the sdAb(llamas’
antibody) protein characteristics of small
size, ruggedness, and ability to be
engineered for optimal orientation and
patterning means that sdAbs are likely to be
high-performance yet low-maintenance
substitutes for any antibody-based
biosensor."

16. CONCLUSION
Using llamas’ antibodies can help to
detect biological attacks from terrorist
sooner than we could previously and it
will be cheaper.
sdAbs can also be useful for military
when they are on the field so that they
can detect if they are being attacked
with bioweapons.