The document summarizes key information about vaccines, including their history, types, mechanisms, production process, applications, and importance. It discusses how Edward Jenner in 1796 conducted the first vaccine experiment by inoculating a boy with cowpox pus which protected him from smallpox. The three main types of vaccines are described as using whole microbes, subunits, or genetic material from pathogens. Vaccines work by stimulating antibody production and immunity without causing illness. They are produced through a process involving antigens, preservatives, stabilizers, and adjuvants, and have led to the eradication or control of many deadly diseases while saving lives and money.

1. VACCINE
A journey from JENNER to GENES
Presented by:
Prajwal Hanamapure
VIIIth Sem
Chemical Engineering Department
BKIT Bhalki.

2. Contents
• Introduction
• History
• Types
• How it works
• How its made
• Applications and examples
• Conclusion

3. Introduction
A substance used to stimulate the production of antibodies and provide
immunity against one or several diseases, prepared from the causative
agent of a disease, its products, or a synthetic substitute, treated to act as
an antigen without inducing the disease. The most common method of
administering vaccines is by injection, but some are given by mouth or
nasal spray.

4. History
• During the late 1760s whilst serving his apprenticeship as a surgeon
Edward Jenner learned of the story, common in rural areas, that dairy
workers would never have the often-fatal or disfiguring disease
smallpox because they had already had cowpox, which has a very mild
effect in humans. Edward Jenner.
• In 1796, Jenner took pus from the hand of a milkmaid with cowpox,
scratched it into the arm of an 8-year-old boy. Six weeks later
inoculated the boy with smallpox, afterwards observing that he did not
catch smallpox. Jenner extended his studies and in 1798 reported that
his vaccine was safe in children and adults.

5. Types
1. The whole-microbe approach
2. The subunit approach
3. The genetic approach

6. 1.The whole-microbe approach

7. 2. The subunit approach

8. 3. The genetic material approach

9. How it
works?

10. The body’s natural response

11. How vaccines help

12. Herd immunity

14. How its made?

15. Ingredients
• Antigen
• Preservatives (2-Phenoxyethanol)
• Stabilizers (Sugars, amino acids)
• Surfactants
• Residuals
• Diluent (Sterile water)
• Adjuvant (Aluminium salts)

16. Steps/Phases

19. Applications and examples
• 1.Flu and Polio :- Inactivated
• 2. Varicella (chickenpox) vaccine :-Live attenuated
• 3. Ebola :-Viral vector
• 4. Meningococcal vaccine (MCV) :-Subunit
• 5.Covid-19 :- Covaxin-inactivated
Covishield-Viral vector
Pfizer, J&J-mRNA

20. Conclusion
• Vaccines are safe.
• Vaccines save life.
• Vaccines save money.
• Vaccines protect you as well as your loved ones.
• Vaccines help eradicate diseases.

21. References
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine
• https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/the-race-for-a-
covid-19-vaccine-explained
• https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/how-do-vaccines-
work?gclid=CjwKCAjwv_iEBhASEiwARoemvCd7iHQmeTeIIgIvyricKF0NRqtXZ
3wCDaPO8HQNYTE39qOu0TdDehoCip8QAvD_BwE
• https://www.who.int/news-room/feature-stories/detail/how-are-vaccines-
developed
• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/6961036_Surfactants_in_vaccin
e_adjuvants_Description_and_perspectives
• Important Vaccines: The 6 You Might Not Know About (healthline.com)

22. Thank YOU
ANY Questions?