Explain How The SRMS Changed The Capabilities Of The...

Explain How The SRMS Changed The Capabilities Of The...
The creation of the SRMS changed the capabilities of the United States space program. Before the system, everything which needed to be captured
required risky docking maneuvers involving highly trained pilots. With the advent of the system, the Space Shuttle only required close proximity and
allowed the SRMS to perform the delicate movements needed to capture and release objects near the Space Shuttle.
The entire system was innovative for space capabilities, but it also changed robotics on Earth at the same time. The first thing the SRMS brought to
the space program was the space robotics which did not exist before it was launched20. The proof of concept set the standard for all future robotics
equipment in space. In addition, the earlier design choices to engineer the system like the human arm in control were part of a paradigm shift in
robotics which has permeated the area robotics21.
In addition to changing technology, the creation of the SRMS had a major impact on relations between the United States and Canada in terms of space.
First, the deal to develop the system included the United States providing preferential access to Canada to help build its space program22. The
preferential treatment opened access to space unlike any other non–space faring nation on Earth. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As NASA and its international partners were designing the ISS, it was only natural to include a similar system on the new space station. As it happens,
they decided to put a newer version of the same system, called Canadarm 2, onto it with upgraded capabilities being bigger, more maneuverable, and
able to traverse the station among other things23. Since the inclusion of the improved version, the system has again proven invaluable providing a
method to capture docking spacecraft, move station components around during and after construction even meeting up with its predecessor during
visits by the Space
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Space Station History
Ever since Apollo 11, when the US landed on the moon other countries thought about getting into ВЁThe Space RaceВЁ. On April 19, 1971, the
Soviet Union launched the first Space Station (Redd). As the soviets continued to send space stations into orbit, the US was working on a project. In
1984 President Ronald Reagan called for a space program that would include participation with the US allies. Two years later they made the idea of a
space station and Reagan called it Freedom (Angelo 239). The building and the evolution of the International Space Station is one of the most important
accomplishments in our planet's scientific history and brought the US together with other nations. The International Space Station is 357.5 feet long,
which is as big as a football field. It weighs about 1 million pounds on earth. Inside it has about 32,000 cubic feet of space, or equal to the space in a
boeing 747 (Garcia). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
They planed 3 phases to finish the building of the ISS. During the first phase, 2 modules were launched with a few other elements. Until the first
phase was complete, 7 american astronauts were staying the the Russian space station the Mir. The first phase ended in 1998. The second phase was
the core of the ISS. It was to start putting together all of the pieces for the ISS to operate. The astronauts had to construct the station in space while in
orbit (Angelo). In the third phase the ISS was completed. From February 2001 to October 2003, seven more crews were brought up to the ISS to
conduct more construction. The U.S. Destiny lab was connected to the Unity, adding rooms for scientists to conduct their research in zero gravity. An
Italian made module, served as a ВЁmoving vanВЁ carried supplies, experiments, equipment to and from the space station and the shuttle. Russians
added a docking port for space shuttles. Also another robotic arm was added for future construction (International Space

Chris Hadfield Essay
Chris Hadfield was born in Sarnia, Ontario, Canada, on August 29, 1959. He was raised on a corn farm in southern Ontario. In his childhood,
Hadfield always had the vision of becoming an astronaut. At age 15, he won a glider pilot scholarship and a powered pilot scholarship at age 16.
Hadfield joined the Canadian Armed Forces in 1978. From 1984–1985, he trained as a fighter pilot in Cold Lake, Alberta on CF–5s and CF–18s. In
1992, Chris was chosen to become one of four new Canadian astronauts out of 5330 applicants. In fact, since 1992, he has been a crucial part of the
Canadian and American space programs. He studied at the University of Tennessee Space Institute and received a Master of Science in aviation
systems that same year. In 2012,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In Florida, he supported shuttle launches at the Kennedy Space Center and was NASA's Chief Capcom for 25 space shuttle missions. From 1996
to 2000, Chris was the Chief astronaut for the CSA and represented CSA astronauts by coordinating their activities. In a 2001 flight, Chris went on
two spacewalks, and during them he became the first Canadian to ever leave a spacecraft and float freely in space. In 2005, Hadfield was inducted
into Canada's Aviation Hall of Fame, and shortly after that in 2006, Chris was honored on Royal Canadian Mint silver and gold coins in return for his
spacewalk to install Canadarm2 on the International Space Station. In 2012, Hadfield set out on the most difficult mission of his career: with the
company of two other astronauts, he embarked on a Russian spacecraft for a 5–month journey at the International Space Station. After safely and
successfully landing back on Earth, Chris said "It smelled of just wind in the grass. The smell of spring." On March 13, 2013, Hadfield became the
first Canadian to command a spaceship as a commander of the International Space Station during the second part of his 5–month stay in space. To this
day, Hadfield lives in Milton, Ontario and is

Informative Essay On Space Exploration
The topic that I chose to study up on today is Space Exploration. I have always had a deep love for Space. I have also had many questions and have
often found myself day dreaming about what could really be beyond our plant and even beyond our galaxy.
The article that I discovered using the BYU–Idaho David O. McKay Library online search tool is called "Contributions of the International Space
Station towards future exploration missions" (By Johannes Weppler). Some of the highlights of this article are when it talks about how the
International Space Station (ISS) will help the international cooperation within the ISS program to support new missions. When they where
developing the ISS they had discovered many technological

Space X : The Space Station
Russian Soyuz spacecraft to ferry our astronauts to the ISS , costing 70 million per ticket. NASA encouraged a number of private U.S. companies to
develop their own space rockets to get to the International Space Station. One of these companies is Space X (founded in 2002) who is under 1.6
Billion NASA contract, has already completed nine unmanned missions to resupply ISS and currently working to modify, making "Dragon" vehicle
crew ready by 2017.
To date, the International Space Station has cost as much as $ 160 Billion and rising; fortunately, the ISS's pricey tag is been shared between the
participating countries which include Canada, the European Union, Japan, Russia and the U.S. Since its construction, the ISS has had visitors from 15
different nations.
The ISS development visualized as NASA's next footstep subsequent to the Apollo missions, but it took decades to get it started. In the 1990s after the
fall of the iron curtain, the International Space Station was one way to keep Russian scientist focus in new research. In 2001, NASA officially stated
the goals for the station: Conducting research, establishing a continuous human presence in space, and promoting international cooperation. Although
the Station not using its full capacity, the main purpose of the scientific exploration still going. When NASA started to visualize new missions on
sending humans to an asteroid by 2025 and to Mars by 2,030, the U.S. National Laboratory redirect their focus and start

NASA: The High Cost Of NASA
NASA has to spend at least five hundred million dollars per launch in space. They do quite a bit of experiments in space, and have mission on mars
and the moon. They made the International space station, and made quite a few rockets and planes to send to space and in the air. If NASA didn't
make satellites you wouldn't be able to watch tv or call someone from long distance. NASA can do a bundle of experiments but what is NASA. First of
all they are a government agency. Anything that might happen they are responsible for a almost all of science and technology in space and on Earth.
This program was created to oversee space exploration and find different planets to find different planets, if we ever run out of room on Earth. NASA
does space exploration and also they do aeronautics research. NASA are a very big company, but it... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It costs roughly about four hundred and fifty million dollars per launch and bigger missions can cost millions and even billions of dollars just for one
launch. An average cost for a mission is four hundred and fifty million because they haven't done super big missions but either they are already on or
on their way to mars for a mission. NASA don't just have mission for planets they also have the International Space Station that is basically a
permanent laboratory in space. The International Space Station is used for a galore of experiments. International and technological is the largest
endeavor. It is a permanent laboratory up in space. Most of the time during experiments in space they will use gravity, pressure and temperature in a
variety of experiments that they cannot do down on Earth. A space shuttle can travel faster than you think in space. It can travel up to seventeen
thousand and five hundred miles per hour and that is twenty eight thousand kilometers per hour. One space shuttle or spaceship can use up to five
hundred thousand gallons of fuel for only one

The Causes And Impacts Of The International Space Station
The International Space Station commonly known as the (ISS) is a large spacecraft that orbits around Earth. This space station serves as a home for
the crews of astronauts and cosmonauts. The space station is also a unique science laboratory. Several nations such as Canada, Japan, the Russian
Federation, the United States, and eleven Member States of the European Space Agency (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands,
Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom) worked together to build and use this space station. The space station is made of parts
that were assembled by astronauts, in space itself. NASA is using this space station to learn more about the living and working conditions in space.
These discoveries will help make it possible for them to find out if it is feasible to send humans farther into space than ever done in the past.
Political:
The International Space Station was first considered in the waning years of the Cold War. A space station called Mir was prepared to be launched by
the Soviet Union, which went into orbit in 1986. The United States wanted to match its rival.During his 1984 State of the Union address, President
Ronald Regan announced his plans for a U.S led project. Russia was invited to join the space station by the United States when they decided to expand
their international partnership, after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1993. Eugene Skolnikoff, professor emeritus of political science at the
Massachusetts

The International Space Station ( Iss ) Essay
We have dreamt of spaceflight since ancient times. Humans have developed and thought of many ways to acquire this immense feat and it wasn't till
the 20th century mankind were able to build rockets powerful enough to overcome the force of gravity. Since then, we've successfully sent mankind to
the moon, rovers to mars and space probes deep into the reaches of our solar system. Nations have striven to advance and attain great heights in the
field of space exploration. The constant competitiveness between USA and USSR during the cold war led to many major breakthroughs in the history
of space exploration beginning with USSR launching the first international space station and USA successfully landing a human on the moon. The
international space station (ISS) stands as the basis of how international collaboration can affect space exploration. Even though some nations are
unwilling to work together, space exploration provides a platform for nations to form relationships that benefits one another and create beneficial
relationships with each other. International cooperation has the potential to provide significant benefits to all participants as well as help develop space
programs. Such cooperation can provide benefits in the form of monetary efficiency, programmatic and political sustainability, and workforce stability
over a period of time to those countries who chose to approach it as mutually beneficial undertaking. International cooperation must be an essential
partaking

International Space Station ( Iss )
On November 20th, 1998, the first piece of the International Space Station was launched into space. The first piece of the International Space Station,
named Zarya, provided the station with propulsion, guidance, battery power, fuel storage, and docking capabilities. The International Space Station has
over one hundred parts to it. The International Space Station's length is that of a football field's. The International Space Station currently has six
crewmembers on board, three Russians, two Americans, and one Japanese. The International Space Station is uniting fifteen different nations and five
different space programs. The International Space Station (ISS) is a large spacecraft that orbits the Earth and serves as a research facility ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The scientists on board spend each and every day doing research about space and about Earth 's features such as clouds and the surrounding
atmosphere. The ISS is the only research station for scientists in space. This is the main reason for them leading space exploration. Some of the
research that the ISS does has to do with microgravity and the effects space has on the human body. The ISS allows the scientists to do research
that they could not do anywhere else. There are three different labs on board the ISS, which enables the scientists of the different nations to do their
work in peace if desired. The International Space Station is designed for nations to come together and try to give the world more knowledge then it
already has. All of the scientists on board conduct experiments that couldn't be conducted on Earth. Most of the experiments have to do with gravity,
specifically microgravity. However, the ISS is always working on new projects. You can never be sure what project the scientists will be working on
that day. There is one way, and this is by watching the scientists through a live feed coming from the space station and being broadcasted online. You
are able to watch this feed and see over the shoulders of the scientists.
The International Space Station is currently working on different kind of projects. Some projects would include experiments with microgravity, which
is the very weak gravity that you would endure if you were on an

Mission Plan For Missions
In addition to staging emergency crew, the ISS could stage mission specialists for missions traversing in or near LEO. One example of this is the
Near Earth Asteroid (NEA) retrieval mission called the Asteroid Redirect Mission (ARM). The current ARM mission plan is to dispatch an unmanned
spacecraft collect and redirect a boulder from a NEA to lunar orbit14. Once there, a human mission would be dispatched to study the asteroid. As the
drive of the mission would be primarily scientific discovery, the composition of astronauts would lean heavily toward scientists. To support the mission
or series of mission, the mission team can be launched to the ISS as jumping off point allowing the astronauts to become acclimated and practice their...
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Besides constructing a station, lunar missions could utilize the ISS as a debarkation and destination point for space only spacecraft traveling between
Earth and lunar orbit which NASA already has planned for the Deep Space Gateway16. By utilizing this kind of spacecraft for lunar missions, the
overall design would relieve engineers from creating a spacecraft capable from reentering the Earth's atmosphere and operating in deep space. Creating
a simpler spacecraft would make the spacecraft much easier to refurbish and resupply for multi–use and multi–purpose deep space missions.
Although the Moon is close enough to consider launching an entire mission from the Earth's surface on one rocket, Mars and other places would
require a much more complex mission profile. Designs for human missions to Mars typically involve building a deep space vehicle. This assembly
alone would require either an effort similar to the construction of the ISS or utilizing the ISS as a construction area for the spacecraft. Similar to what
could be done for lunar missions, the ISS could provide the same kind of mission preparation and support for Mars missions to build a spacecraft and
provide an in–orbit staging area for supplies and crew. However, unlike lunar missions, the ISS may be critical to keeping costs manageable as it
provides a significant support capability which would not need to be launched during mission

How To Write A Kent Rominger Essay
"Kent Rominger entered this world on August 7, 1956. He was born in the hospital of Del Norte, Colorado. Rominger has had a full and wonderful
life. He enjoys multiple physical activities, some of which include skiing, both on the snow and in the water. After graduating from Del Norte High
School in 1974, he attended college at Colorado State University and earned his bachelor's degree in Civil Engineering in 1978. (http://www.jsc.nasa
.gov/Bios/htmlbios/rominger.html)" "Kent Rominger's Very first launch was as pilot of the Columbia. The mission was called STS–73 and it launched
on October 20, 1995, the mission was based around materials science. they also performed multiple scientific experiments on this mission. Rominger
enjoyed ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On that mission they fixed up the outside of the International Space Station. On the outside of the International Space Station they installed a pair of
cranes that held bags with tools in them for future missions on the ISS. The missions that the tool would be used for was to install a shroud over a
ldin target that reduces glare and to cover up an exposed pin. The astronauts returned on a Saturday and nobody was there to greet them because the
mission was suppose to go into Sunday morning.

International Space Station Research Paper
The Impact of the International Space Station
We've all seen pictures of the beautiful blue globe of the Earth from space. Some of the first images were taken by NASA. Not only that,The
International Space Station has been a huge step forward in the healing technology, and NASA has made millions of research projects to help us with
our health. This research is going to show a few of the many things that NASA, with its knowledge helped us discover, and in some cases, to solve
many human problems. They have contributed not only clearler and more extensive vews of space, but it also has helped with the problems and
diseases that occur.
Extensive vision of the space Stars Spitzer Space Telescope showed what lies near the sword of the constellation ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
ADVASC was performed over several International Space Station (ISS) expeditions, growing two generations of Arabidopsis thaliana (rapidly
growing, flowering plant in the mustard family that has been grown on many space missions), and soybean plants, from seed to seed in space using
the ADVASC payload, an autonomously operated plant growth unit. The ability to grow plants from seeds through several generations has proven to
be challenging in space and is critical in developing hardware and operational concepts to take human explorers farther beyond low–Earth orbit

General Information About The Iss And Other Terms
Part A: General information about the ISS and other terms.
(This section does not need to be done in sentences. Dot points are sufficient if you wish to answer in that form.)
1.Define the following term: microgravity, aeronautics and extra–terrestrial. Be sure to choose the definitions that suit the Physics context.
Microgravity – Microgravity is the near weightless experienced by somebody or an object in free fall which is named microgravity.
Aeronautics – Aeronautics is the study of the science of flight. Aeronautics enables you to study the methods of designing an aeroplane or other flying
objects.
Extra–terrestrial – Extra–terrestrial is a form of life that occurs outside Earth or its atmosphere.
2.Explain the function ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Yes, there are people currently living on the ISS. The people who are on the ISS are Chris Cassidy and Karen Nyberg from America, Pavel
Vinogradov, Alexander Misurkin and Fyodor Yurchikin from Russia and Luca Parmitano from Italy. Three of them have been up in space for 91 days
and the other three 152 days. This was posted on the 26/8/2013.
4.Explain in your own words how the ISS generates power.
The ISS generates power by sunlight, which reflects off of the photovoltaic panels, which are just like solar panels but much bigger.
5.How long does it take for the ISS to orbit the Earth?
It takes The International Space Station and hour and a half (90 minutes) to orbit the earth.
Part B:
What are some of the challenges astronauts face living in a microgravity environment? How are these challenges overcome?
When living on the ISS astronauts experience many temporary and long–term health effects from living on the ISS. The reason astronauts experience
many health effects is because when you are in space your experience weightlessness, or zero gravity.

Some of the temporary effects of living on the ISS are the astronauts experience disruption to their proprioceptive system, which is a system in the
body which tells the arms, legs and other parts of the body are in relation to each other. This effect can cause astronauts to feel nauseous for a short
period of time.
A long–term affect for the astronauts is that over time their

The Negative Effects Of Zero Earthquavity On Humans
Zero gravity can be something fun to experience, but it can also have some bad effects on humans. Zero gravity or weightlessness happens when
the effects of gravity are not experienced. Humans have been experiencing zero gravity since the year 1961 when Russian cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin
became the first human to travel to space. Zero gravity has became something humans experience for fun. For example there is a company called
Zero G and they they allow people to pay money to go up in a plane and experience zero gravity. Even though some people find Zero gravity as a
experience of a lifetime, it can also have some bad effects on humans. The International Space Station is in constant freefall above Earth. It's forward
motion is just about equal to the speed it falls to earth. This allows the astronauts inside to experience zero gravity. One function of The International
Space Station is to test the long term effects that zero gravity has on the human body. It was a huge focus for the first one year long mission where
astronauts were in zero gravity for one year straight. (space.com) NASA uses astronauts to determine the effects of zero gravity on humans. They send
them to the International Space Station for long period at a time. Just recently Scott Kelly and Mikhail Kornienko were the first humans to spend one
consecutive year in space. NASA used them to test the effects of zero gravity on humans. They used that information to help determine how humans
would react to zero

Benefit Of Space Exploration
America has reaped the benefits of space exploration for sixty years, despite the open knowledge of its effects on those who enter radiation and
low–gravity environments. A low gravity environment is a space in which gravity, an attracting force between two masses, is lowered in a way that
causes a feeling of weightlessness (Newman, Phil. "What Is Gravity?"). Lowered gravity can cause gene modification and alter behavior (Shikawa,
Chihiro, et al. "Effects of Gravity Changes on Gene Expression of BDNF and Serotonin Receptors in the Mouse Brain."). It can also induce
osteoporosis, an incurable disease increasing the susceptibility of bones to fracture ("Osteoporosis."), causing astronauts to lose 1–2% of bone mass per
month in space (Bones, Space. "Space Bones.". Radiation (from space) is a type of ionizing radiation that releases energy when it occurs. When that
energy is released, it can be absorbed by living tissue, which can cause irreparable DNA damage (Cucinotta, Francis A. "Space Radiation Risks for
Astronauts on Multiple International Space Station Missions.").
Some believe that the benefits of space exploration are great enough to overlook the decreasing health of astronauts who have been affected by space
travel. I believe that the knowledge of space from space exploration is not beneficial enough to cause astronauts harm and long–term health problems
when the same work could be done by artificial intelligence.
RELATION TO SCIENCE Galactic cosmic radiation can

Keely Ruiz: Life In Space
Keely Ruiz Life in Space
Imagine, looking out a window and seeing Earth and the stars! That would be incredible! I feel that civilians should travel in space because it could
help research and give privileges. If you don't think so you should read this.
First and foremost, I think civilians should be able to go to space because it could help NASA find out more about planets. The article stated that
"That may lead to more support of NASA and its space research..." NASA could also find out if there is life on the other planets. There could be
animals on Mars! This could lead to us living on other the planets! If animals can live there we can live there too. Right? Another possibility is that

Danger And Cleanup Of Orbital Debris
Danger And Cleanup Of Orbital Debris Orbital debris, which are different than space debri, pose a threat to space missions and astronauts. Manny
previous missions have left orbital debris in their wake. Most of the debris are left up there until they are pulled toward earth by gravity and then
destroyed by earth 's atmosphere. Until then the space junk is left to orbit around the earth. The amount of debri continues to grow quicker than the
earth can destroy it. Leaving the debri to sit up there unchecked poses dangers for astronauts and space missions both current and future. There are
several solutions that scientists have come up with that could help reduce the danger of space debris. Orbital debris are specifically the man made
objects that follow a path of orbit around the earth (NASA, 2013). Orbital debris differ from satellites in that they no longer serve a working purpose,
making them essentially space junk (NASA, 2013). Orbital debris can sometimes be confused with space debris. The term space debris encompases
anyting that is wandering about space or orbiting around something like the sun, manmade or not (NASA, 2013). Things like meteorites and man made
objects that are not in orbit around earth (NASA, 2013). While orbital debris only includes man made, unusefull things, that are in orbit around the
earth (NASA, 2013). The orbital space junk can wind up floating around the earth in a couple of different ways. One of the most common ways that it
can get up there

The National Aeronautics And Space Administration (NASA)
Introduction
For more than 50 years the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has explored space funded by taxes collected by the US
government. There are many benefits stemming from space exploration however, many people don't support funding NASA and believe it is a waste
of money. In 2002, the budget proposal for the fiscal year funded $18.7 billion to NASA. This means that "a little more than half a penny of every
federal tax dollar ends up at NASA" (NASA's $18.7–Billion Budget: How Much Do You Contribute 1). This means a family with median household
income pays $33 per year to find a space program. Space exploration is expensive however, the knowledge and technologies has brought us has
improved a quality of life on Earth. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Before sending the first man into space scientist had to invent an automatic device to measure his blood pressure, however day this simple technology
is used for a quick checkup (From pacemakers to braces, the medical benefits of space exploration 1), Similarly, scratch–resistant lenses on eyeglasses
"are straight from the stars" (From pacemakers to braces, the medical benefits of space exploration 1), originally developed to protect satellite lenses
from space debris. Nitinol is an incredible material designed to ensure starlight's spring open after being in a rocket during space travel, but today are
used by orthodontic specialist to make wearing braces easier and more comfortable. Even heart pacemakers function using the electronic monitoring
used in satellites orbiting the Earth. Pain Control Devises, Kidney Dialysis Machines, Invisible Braces, Exercise Equipment, Body Images,
Chromosome Analysis, Transmitters to measure the health of the fetus in the womb, Instrument to Measure Bone Strength, and "Cool Suits" are just a
few of the technologies space exploration has brought us. Many of the technologies evolving from space exploration are valuable in the everyday lives
of people on Earth. Many of these important technologies may not exist without the purpose for space

Space Exploration Mission Into The International Space...
For over three decades now since astronauts first explored started space exploration to the moon or to the earth's orbit, they have been experiencing
radiations in space that comprises of secondary particles that are produced as a result of collision of heavy ions and high energy protons with tissue
and the space craft. However, once the astronauts return, they are faced with uncertainties as a result of exposure in the projection of the associated
risks, and the effects that later come as a result of space radiations. This paper examines the exposure of radiations to astronauts who have been
involved in a space exploration mission into the International Space Station. As a result of the damaging effect of the radiations in space nowadays,
astronauts have been limited to the low Earth orbit that is shielded from the galactic cosmic rays and solar particles. The radiations are thought to cause
cancer risks and risk of exposure induced death to astronauts. These effects coupled with others such as the lethality of the ionizing radiation and
compounded risks from circulatory diseases have been a major impediment to space exploration as a result of radiations, and this has limited the
duration of astronauts into space, while confining them into the international Space station in the low Earth orbit.
Radiation Exposure for Astronauts
In the 1960s, the first group of men took off from earth into space in the popularly known Apollo missions to explore space little did they know

Benefit Of The International Space Station
Benefits of the International Space Station to Earth Space is a place where no ground can be felt, sound can't be heard, and every direction is endless
darkness. There are people who spend their lives studying space and how it differs from Earth. With the help of experts from 15 nations, The
International Space Station (ISS) has been built. The space station travels in our orbit at 17,500 miles per hour and orbits the earth every ninety
minutes. The ISS gives scientists a better understanding of how life works in zero–gravity.
The space station was not always there. It took about thirteen years to complete, and it all started in 1984. "On January 25, 1984, President Ronald
Reagan's State of the Union Address directed the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) to build an international space station within
the next 10 years." (History and Timeline). That was the first time anyone had ever heard of a space station and they had no idea what it could be
used for. In November of 1998, Russia launched the Russian Zarya control module into orbit which the first piece of the ISS. (History and Timeline)
Technology was not the greatest back then so it took another two years for the station to be suitable for people to live on it. It is not easy to get parts
and payloads to the space station. To get a shuttle up to the ISS, scientists must make extreme calculations and time every move made precisely. to
match the speed and position of the space station. The first crew

A Mars Colony Vs Living Space Station
Carina Salcedo
1339611
ESS 102 A
Living in a Mars Colony vs Living Space Station
Summary of science fiction story: My science fiction paper will be set in the not too distant future. Pollution and global warming have made Earth
nearly uninhabitable and humanity needs a new home. While many look to Mars as the best hope, others feel it poses too many challenges and that
humanity needs more than one chance at a new start. These people are building a large space station in orbit around Earth intended for . Two small
crews are sent out, one to Mars and the other to the new space station, to decide where the future of humanity will lie. The major topics of research
will be space habitability and the effects of long term space flight.
introduction: There are many challenges to overcome before a permanent human settlement can be established in space or on Mars. Many of these
challenges overlap, but each destination provides a unique twist on human expansion beyond Earth. This paper will examine the difficulties associated
with maintaining a human presence in each location.
What has been done to establish a permanent space station: Thanks to the International Space Station, we know a great deal about the effects of life in
space on the human body and how to meet the needs of life in space. The problems of supplying power, water, and food have already been solved.
Power is supplied to the ISS via 2,500 square meters of solar cells (Taranovich, 2014). Of course, as the station

The Importance Of Space Exploration
Human beings have been in space for more than fifty years and produced benefits that improve our quality of life. We take many things in our
everyday lives for granted that were a direct result of space exploration. This is not limited to technological advancements, but reflected in art,
literature, film, technical innovation, global partnerships, and influenced culture on a global scale. Technology is a part of daily life andSpace
exploration continues to be the catalyst for advancement. Satellite technology is one example. After many years of satellite use for space exploration,
satellite television was introduced. "In 1978, the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) introduced Public Television Satellite Service" (Advances in
Satellite TV: Changing the Way We Watch Television). Shortly after, direct to home receivers were created (Advances in Satellite TV: Changing the
Way We Watch Television). Satellite broadcasting allowed television to be streamed all over the world with stronger more reliable signals. Today
most of the global population watches television. Satellites provide the GPS system, which is mainly used as a system of navigation. GPS technology
is evolving today enabling things such as autonomous vehicles. These ideas used to be seen as futuristic, but not anymore. In the near future we could
see people driving places on what amounts to auto–pilot.. The equipment company John Deere is already close to producing accurate self driving
farming equipment. During the

Space Exploration Research Papers
Javier Vento
Mrs.VГЎzquez
English
May 8, 2017
Space Exploration Exploring space is one of the most complicated and extraordinary project scientists are currently working on because of the
technology used and health risks. On October 4, 1957, the Soviets launched the first artificial satellite, Sputnik 1, into space (aerospace). This sparked
scientist to send satellites to space. Shortly after, the United States sent its first satellite, Explorer 1, into orbit. Since then there have been more than
130 space shuttle missions. One reason why exploring space can be so difficult is because of space travel. The first space shuttle launch was NASA's
shuttle Columbia. Launch can be extremely dangerous. There have been more than 14 fatalities caused ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The International Space Station is a large aircraft that serves as a national laboratory for health and research. It is also where astronauts live in space.
November 2, 2000 was the date that the first crew stayed at the ISS. Since then, many astronauts have lived there as their home in space. On
February 17, 2017, Space X brought a spacecraft and other materials to the astronauts at the International Space Station using a Falcon 9 rocket.
Instead of dropping in the middle of the ocean, the same rocket was directed by GPS to land where scientists wanted it to so that they can reuse it.
This is an example of how extraordinary space technology is. There are many ongoing space missions. Many of them are satellites that are sent to
orbit a planet and take pictures. Space mission Juno has a satellite orbiting Jupiter. Space mission Venus Express has a satellite around Venus. Another
is the Mars Exploration Rover mission, an ongoing robotic space mission involving two Mars rovers. The rovers take pictures and send the information
to scientists on Earth. Robotic technology makes space exploration safer and especially much easier. This help us to learn more about outer

What Is The Hubble Space Telescope
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is run by the United States of America. This administration was founded October 1, 1958. The
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was preceded by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) which was
decidedly discontinued and replaced by NASA when the National Aeronautics and Space Act was passed July 29, 1958. From that date on NASA
entered the era of space focused projects and would lead the world to explore a vast new frontier that was not confined to the atmosphere surrounding
earth; however, while NASA was also the spearhead, they exchanged many schematics and information to help other countries follow and enter into
space. NASA was first installed in 1958 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The horizon spacecraft flew by Pluto's largest satellite, Charon. Geologists have determined that Charon may have had a violent creation because it
looks as though it was sheared apart. This canyon system stretches more than 1,000 miles (1,600 kilometers) across the entire face of the moon
(nasa.gov). "This stretches twice as long as the Grand Canyon and in some places twice as deep"

Astronauts: The Mir's Planetary Orbit
The Mir operated in very small elliptical orbit at an altitude of 390 kilometers above the Earth's surface with an inclination of 51.6 degrees. This
was more out of convenience for the Russians because it was easy for their main launch complex to launch to and also to avoid launching over
China. Due to the Mir's low altitude, atmospheric drag constantly tried to pull the Mir back to Earth causing its orbit to need to be constantly
adjusted. Because of this, the Mir would need help boosting to an optimal operating orbit. In the beginning before all the modules where built the core
module had the ability to change the space stations orbit on its own. However, as more modules showed up, resupply ships like the Progress while
docked to the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
To combat this challenge the Mir communications system design consisted of three duplex channels, two Ultra High Frequency (UHF), using line of
sight links that could talk with different ground stations and a geostationary satellite. With limited communication capabilities, it limited crews access
to Russian Flight Control Center (TsUP). Astronauts would have between five to twenty minutes for the UHF links, and up to forty minutes
depending on where in the orbit the space station was. Frequencies for these links where also locked in, meaning astronauts could only use the links
and frequencies provided for communications. The Mir also had a amateur radio or (ham radio) system installed onboard. This system was not only
looked at as an emergency communications tool but also as a morale booster. On–board crews used it during long duration stays on the space station to
talk with different folks from all around Earth. From the very beginning, the Russian's knew besides being able to communicate back with mission
control there was another critical subsystem that was needed onboard when designing the space

Risk Assesment for the International Space Station
Pm595 risk management| Risk Assessment| For the International Space Station| | Casey Potter | 12/4/2011|
This document will provide a risk assessment, with the use of FTA, for the International Space Station.|
Table of Contents
I. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 2 II. Sources of Project Risk in
Construction............................................................................................ 3 A.
Timeline.................................................................................................................................. 3 B.
Costs........................................................................................................................................ 4 C. International
Collaboration................................................................................................. 5 D. Infrastructure and Complexity of
Project.......................................................................... 6 III. Systems to Address in Construction Project ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Risk management or lack of, can be one of those attributes. It has been written; "risk management is a critical success factor for delivering projects in
predefined cost, time and quality" (Benta, D., Podean, I. M., Mirecean, C. 2011.Page 142). However, when you are dealing with a project like the
ISS, how do you predetermine the cost and time when the project spans over three decades? Many sources of construction risk must be identified. The
following sections will first review the sources of timeline, costs, international collaboration, and complexity of project. Next, the review sources of risk
with systems that need to be addressed during the construction and then the fault tree analysis. A. Timeline
The schedule of the project is a major factor of gauging on whether a project has been successful or not. For many projects, the time it takes to get
to the marketplace is critical to meet product supply and demand. Most projects are measured in weeks, months, and sometimes years. A typical
jetliner can take up to five years to complete (Jenkins, M. 2000. Page 4). However when it comes to the schedule of the ISS, the development cycle
can be measured in decades. The preliminary design work has been initiated in the 1980s and the project is set to continue well into the year 2016
(Bacon, J. Boyle, J., and Stockman, B. 1982. Page 3). The timeline only in this project presents many risk factors. The changing

The Frontier Of Commercial Space On Low Earth Orbit
Yunfeng Shi
ESS 102 Research Paper
In this article, I am going to talk about two companies in the frontier of commercial space in Low Earth Orbit. On the one hand, there is one of the first
pioneers in commercial space flight, Virgin Galactic. On the other hand, there is the current rock starSpaceX. Both founded by celebrities, Space X is
not only being the delivery boy International Space Station by Dragon but also on the road to the red planet, putting humans on Mars by 2026 with
Mars Colonial Transporter. Meanwhile, after the fatal crash of SpaceShipTwo in 2014, Virgin Galactic is trying to recover by putting second version
of SpaceShipTwo into works. In the following paper, I will elaborate further on both SpaceX and Virgin Galactic... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Dragon exchanged cargo payloads there and safely returned to Earth in October 2012. Dragon has 6,000 kg total launch payload mass and 25 m^3
total launch payload volume. In addition, it could return 3,000 kg payload mass and 11 m^3 of pressurized payload volume from International Space
Station to Earth. Because of the 11 m^3 capsule of Dragon spacecraft designed to carry cargo payloads as well as human astronauts, NASA and
SpaceX plan to start human test flight in next two to three year.
On the rockets side, SpaceX currently uses the medium–lift, two–stage, nine–engine rocket Falcon 9, the most experienced product of SpaceX with 19
launches so far. The standard cost of one Falcon 9 launch is 61.2 million dollars. It has 70 meters of height and more than 541.3 tons. On the Low
Earth Orbit, it can carry 13150 kg of payload. On the Geostationary Transfer Orbit, it can carry 4850 kg worth of payload. Furthermore, In December
2015, SpaceX just made historic landing of a reusable rocket booster after launching it to the space carrying eleven Orbcomm communications
satellites, Falcon 9 is highly likely become the world 's first truly reusable rockets.
In addition, currently under development, SpaceX's another rocket model, Falcon Heavy is scheduled to launch later this year in Kennedy Space
Centre LC39A, Florida.

The Globalization Of The International Space Station
Kai Allen Donicht
Globalization and International Business
June 18 – July 7
Arunjana Das
7/27/15
The Globalization of the International Space Station
Abstract
Space exploration was born out of the intense competition between the two great superpowers of the 20th century. The space race was a byproduct of
the arms race between the United States and the Soviet Union. Both sides devoted immense resources and manpower to attempt to surpass the other in
astronautical achievement. With the dissolution of the Soviet Union in December 1991, the approach towards space exploration changed dramatically.
What began as a fierce competition between major powers became a partnership involving many nations working together. Space exploration projects,
like the International Space Station, are only feasible through international joint effort, and because of this have helped to foster more cooperative
relations between countries – not only diplomatically, but also economically.
Introduction
In 1986, the USSR launched its space station Mir in orbit. NASA proposed to construct a permanently manned orbiting space station in response. The
US began building the space station Freedom, working with Canada, several European countries, and Japan as partners in the endeavor. Just as work on
Freedom began, however, the Soviet Union collapsed. This presented an opportunity for the US to work with Russia in space rather than compete with
them. Freedom was reengineered into the new International

How To Return NASA
Discovery, or the "return to flight," was going to return NASA to the business of human spaceflight. Two years after the loss of the seven crew
members of Columbia, NASA officials were confident that all necessary modifications had been corrected within the shuttle's external fuel tank design
and upgrading its flight hardware. NASA also placed cameras, visual tracking, and inspection equipment in order to record footage of the space shuttle
as it lifted off into space. The crew members of Discovery consisted of commander Eileen Collins, who became the first woman to command a space
shuttle flight, pilot James Kelly, and mission specialists Charles Camarda, Wendy Lawrence, Soichi Noguchi, Steve Robinson, and Andy Thomas.
Their mission was to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
After completing their mission and transporting all the equipment to the International Space Station, it was time to head home. Supposedly Discovery
was to return on Monday, August 8th, 2005, but the weather had interfered with scattered showers and lightning storms which forced them to circle the
earth for another day. The weather on Tuesday, August 9th, 2005 did not show any signs of clearing up either so Discovery was diverted to Edwards
Air Force Base, California. After being away fourteen days, circling the earth two hundred and nineteen times, and traveling fifty–eight million miles in
space, Discovery landed safely on the ground at 8:11 a.m without any casualties. Unlike Columbia or the Challenger, the space shuttle and
Discovery's crew members were prepared for a worst case scenario. NASA gave the shuttle upgrades in its designs and hardware, trained the crew on
how to operate on the shuttle and spacewalk, and finally took security and safety procedures to the next level to ensure the safe return to

The Science Fiction Story, A Reporter
Anthony Ha
ESS 102
Research Paper In the science fiction story, a reporter goes to board the first public flight to Mars. He writes about what he experiences such as the
feeling of being the first passengers to Mars, seeing the technologies that recycle water, eating fresh produce in space, and the final landing on
Mars a year later and watching the rovers that landed before him moving about. Many problems of space travel stem from the fact that supplies are
limited in space. A trip to Mars with current technologies would take eight months to travel to Mars and that is just robotic missions (NASA
2012a). This presents an obvious problem that a space flight can only carry a limited amount of food, water, and air. Any system also needs to be
powered by electricity. Current food technology consists of prepackaged food. There are a couple problems that space food has to be able to solve.
One problem is that space food has to not just float around and get into vents, crevices, and machinery. This is a hazard that scientists have to keep in
mind when making food. Also, it should be long lasting enough to last in space until a resupply. The food the astronauts eat in theInternational Space
Station right now are all packaged food sent up from earth. There is freeze–dried food which is cooked before being flash frozen and vacuumed. This
is then rehydrated with water when astronauts want to eat. There are wetpacks, which are food pouches that don't need to be rehydrated like

The Importance Of Canadian Contribution To Space Exploration
Canadian Contribution to Space Exploration
FRONT
Canadarm
The Canadarm was a remote–controlled mechanical arm, also known as the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System.During its 30–year career with
NASA's Space Shuttle Program, the robotic arm deployed, captured and repaired satellites, positioned astronauts, maintained equipment, and moved
cargo.Even though the Canadarm retired in July 2011 , its memory lives on as it helped establish Canada's reputation as a leader in technological
innovation and inspired a series of other Canadian robotics used on the International Space Station including the Canadarm 2 and Dextre.
The Canadarm could be thought of as a 15–metre robotic arm with a wrist, elbow and shoulder.
ISS
The ISS is a international space

Chris Hadfield: A Brief Biography
Chris Hadfield( full name Chris Austin Hadfield) was born August 29, 1959, in Sarnia(town situated on lake huron), at age seven, his dad became a
air canada pilot and the family moved to a corn farm in a southern Ontario town called Milton, which is closer to Toronto. a two hour drive from
Sarnia.Chris developed interest in flying from a young age, he won a glider pilot scholarship at age 15 and graduated as an Ontario Scholar from
Milton District High School in 1977; Received a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering (with honours), in 1982 Royal Military College, Kingston,
Ontario; Conducted post–graduate research at the University of Waterloo, Ontario in 1982; (Biography) After graduation he has worked as test pilots,
performing research

The Frontier Of Commercial Space On Low Earth Orbit
In this article, I am going to talk about two companies in the frontier of commercial space in Low Earth Orbit. On the one hand, there is one of the
first pioneers in commercial space flight, Virgin Galactic. On the other hand, there is the current rock star SpaceX. Both founded by celebrities, Space
X is not only being the delivery boy International Space Station by Dragon but also on the road to the red planet, putting humans on Mars by 2026
with Mars Colonial Transporter. Meanwhile, after the fatal crash of SpaceShipTwo in 2014, Virgin Galactic is trying to recover by putting version two
of SpaceShipTwo into works. In the following paper, I will elaborate further on bothSpaceX and Virgin Galactic in terms of technology, implementation
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the rockets side, SpaceX currently uses the medium–lift, two–stage, nine–engine rocket Falcon 9, the most experienced product of SpaceX with 19
launches so far. The standard cost of one Falcon 9 launch is 61.2 million dollars. It has 70 meters of height and more than 541.3 tons. On the Low
Earth Orbit, it can carry 13150 kg of payload. On the Geostationary Transfer Orbit, it can carry 4850 kg worth of payload. Furthermore, In December
2015, SpaceX just made historic landing of a reusable rocket booster after launching it to the space carrying eleven Orbcomm communications
satellites, Falcon 9 is highly likely become the world 's first truly reusable rockets.
In addition, currently under development, SpaceX's another rocket model, Falcon Heavy is scheduled to launch later this year in Kennedy Space
Centre LC39A, Florida. SpaceX described Falcon Heavy as the "most powerful operational rocket in the world by a factor of two". According to
official data from SpaceX, Falcon Heavy can 21.2 metric tons payload to Geostationary Transfer Orbit or 53 metric tons payload to Low Earth
Orbit, the mass of a fully loaded Boeing 737. Delta IV Heavy is the current rocket with the highest capacity in the world. According to SpaceX,
Falcon Heavy should be able to lift twice the payload with only a third of the cost around 90 million dollars per launch.
Awarded with 2.6 billion dollars commercial crew contract in September 2014 by NASA, SpaceX is developing the world's

Topics For Nasa Research Papers
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has a difficult task. It must convince U.S. taxpayers that space science is worth $16.25 billion a
year. To achieve this goal, the agency conducts an extensive public–relations effort that is similar to the marketing campaigns of America 's biggest
corporations. NASA has learned a valuable lesson about marketing in the 21st century: to promote its programs, it must provide entertaining visuals
and stories with compelling human characters. For this reason, NASA issues a steady stream of press releases and images from its human spaceflight
program.
Every launch of the space shuttle is a media event. NASA presents its astronauts as ready–made heroes, even when their accomplishments in space ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This knowledge could be used to plan a manned mission to Mars or the construction of a base on the moon. But these justifications for the station are
largely myths. Here are the facts, plain as potatoes: The International Space Station is not a platform for cutting–edge science. Unmanned probes can
explore Mars and other planets more cheaply and effectively than manned missions can. And a moon colony would be a silly destiny.
[break] The Myth of Science
IN 1990 THE American Physical Society, an organization of 41,000 physicists, reviewed the experiments then planned for the International Space
Station. Many of the studies involved examining materials and fluid mechanics in the station 's microgravity environment. Other proposed experiments
focused on growing protein crystals and cell cultures on the station. The physical society concluded, however, that these experiments would not provide
enough useful scientific knowledge to justify building the station. Thirteen other scientific organizations, including the American Chemical Society and
the American Crystallographic Association, drew the same conclusion.
Since then, the station has been redesigned and the list of planned experiments has changed, but the research community remains overwhelmingly
opposed. To date, at least 20 scientific organizations from around the world have determined that the space station

International Space Station Research Paper
Leadership in history is important. Humanity has shown that they leave a lasting legacy in history. The launch of the International Space Station was
no exception. This launch was an example of what humanity could do together. After an era of turmoil, humanity came together to do something that
will leave a lasting legacy in history. The building of theInternational Space Station was an example of leadership and legacy because it was built by a
coalition of many nations, helped nations come together after the Cold War, and set a step forward to unified space exploration. The building of the ISS
was an example of leadership and legacy because it was built by a coalition of many nations. The International Space Station was not built by just one
nation. The building of the International Space Station took a total of 16 nations. "The United States and Russia are just two of sixteen nations
co–operating in this major scientific and technological project,"("The Space Station Era Dawns"). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Coming out of the Cold War the United States and Russia were not the friendliest. What better a way to bond together by investing in a project that is
beneficial for both of them. "In 1993, the Clinton administration moved to bring America's former Cold War adversary into the huge international
project as a major partner along with 14 other nations that have invested several billion dollars,"(Sawyer). Bringing former Cold War officials was a
shining example that the Cold War has passed and a new era has begun. "Shuttle–Mir gave its own lasting gift to the word–the example of the great
Cold War adversaries, working together,"("Looking Back, Looking Forward"). Shuttle Mir was a Cold War era shuttle and was used with Russian and
American personnel and shows that the two nations has moved past that time and are working together to leave a lasting legacy in

The Importance Of Space Exploration
Space exploration should be a priority for our country because in the video :The international space station it states there is lots of room and lots of
food for us to travel into space. Also space exploration should be a priority because we can learn how to do many things up in space we are able to
space walk and about the experiment that they do in the space station that we can probably not do on earth she we should have space exploration as a
priority for our country.We should spend valuable resources on space exploration.
First of all, Space exploration should be a priority for our country because in the video :The international space station it states there is lots of room
and lots of food for us to travel into space.Obviously this helps out because if there is an important mission and lots of people have to go there
they will have lots of rooms and food for them. Also another reason why it should be a priority is because you can do many experiment inside the
space station and some people can go outside and check if everything is ok.Clearly, this is important because it will help us on experiment that we
can probably not do on earth but up in space we can.there is many more reason why it should be a priority to go up into space
Second of all, Space exploration should be a priority for our country because in "What It's Really Like To Walk To Space it states and show that
should space people how to walk in space . Of course,this is important because what if the space people need to do some important work outside
they would know how to space walk.Also,another reason why space walk is important is because they can find out new cure for when people get
sick. In this case this is important because we can probably cure cancer. There can be many more reasons why we should be able to GO to space.
Third of all,.Space exploration should be a priority for our country because in "What It's Really Like To Walk To Space it states and show that
should space people how to walk in space . However ,this is important because what if the space people need to do some important work outside they
would know how to space walk.Also, another reason why space walk is important is because they can find out new cure

The Expansion Of Space Architecture
Introduction The collective space vision of all the world's countries at the moment seems to be Mars, Moon, space colonization, permanent settlement
etc. Even Steven Hawking does not think that humans will survive another 1000 years 'without escaping beyond our fragile planet'. Architects are
designing colonial habitats on Mars and Moon creating large flimsy structures for permanent settlements. But is that space architecture is all about?
Just to create a new living environment for rats abandoning a sinking ship? Obviously space architecture can be something more than just a permanent
habitat in uninhabitable environment. This manifesto argues that architecture in space could help humanity to maintain Earth as well as to explore other
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Certainly it is a great shock to all ecosystems, but it is a long way from uninhabitable. If we do the meanest things such as nuclear war, pollution of all
air and water, greenhouse warming, complete deforestation, Earth would still be considered as the most habitable planet of the galaxy that we know.
Even post–apocalyptic Earth would still be an absolute paradise in comparison to Mars, the Moon, or hellish Venus. None of these places will ever
be more welcoming than Earth, no matter how bad Earth gets. Even if we have to live and farm under pressurized domes, we will do it million
times easier than the people who do the same on Mars. And if sooner or later humanity gets the power of terraforming Mars or Moon, we will
certainly have the power of cleaning up whatever mess we made on Earth and turn it into a Garden of Eden. The latter seems as much easier project.
Steven Hawking advocates that 'having all eggs in one basket' is not wise. Considering the fact that there have been five large extinctions events
throughout Earth's history, spreading out could be logical. But again, this option should be for the most extreme situation, since the protection of Earth
and its children is always comes first. The Purpose of Space Architecture. The purpose of architecture itself is to improve human life. Due to its
extreme environments, living in space or on

International Space Station Video Analysis
Ethics in a global concept is difficult to pinpoint because each country has its own culture. This culture can affect the government and the citizens,
which in turn, affects the way businesses are managed. However, this can become a problem when companies become international. On the other
hand, there are global common values that many countries possess that can help fair commerce across countries. These shared values come from
the fact that many of the world's religions share the same values. Therefore, "relative prosperity of developed economies seems implicitly to be
taken as evidence of a sustainable form of free market capitalism that is supposed to be a universal economic destination" (Michaelson, 2010, p. 239).
However, when a country does not share these values, or has a leader that does not it can become a major problem for... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Due to the fact the Americas was able to achieve this goal, I think it changed the race. America was now seen as the powerhouse and the Russians saw
the need to join America in space exploration. As discussed in the video, theUnited States and Russia began working together and created the
International Space Station. The creation of this was likely due to the UN's Space Law Treaty. Similar to the United Nations Global Compact, which
promotes global ethics, this treaty ensured that space activities were "benefitting mankind, emphasizing the astronaut as an envoy of mankind,
promoting international cooperation and assistance and using outer space for the benefit of all states equally" (Wheeler, 2012, p. 61). This has been
crucial for ensuring the safety of all that could be affected by international missiles and satellites. As mentioned earlier, if countries do not share the
values or agree to the treaty this can be a threat for

Space Exploration : The Dangers Of The Exploration Of Space
On July 20, 1969, outside our Earth in the cold, and darkness of space, the first humans landed on the moon, Neil Armstrong said, "That's one small
step for man, one giant leap for mankind." Ever since the moon landing the space program took off, through failure and success we discovered things,
advanced our technology and more. Learning from previous mistakes and making sure that they did not happen again. The space program has allowed
for the world to grow in technology, unite different people, and teach people about the world we live in. Since the exploration of space has greatly
benefited the world with advanced technology and knowledge, along with more cooperation between countries, I believe that the space program should
continue. Although, it is dangerous for the humans that go and explore space, as there are many things that can go wrong and there many dangers for
astronauts in space, space exploration and the space program has lead to many advances in science, technology and more. In fact, the article "Benefits
Stemming from Space Exploration" stated "Overcoming the challenges of working in space has led to many technological and scientific advances that
have provided benefits to society on Earth in areas including health and medicine, transportation, public safety, consumer goods, energy and
environment, information technology, and industrial productivity." The technological and scientific advances that have come out through the space
program have greatly helped society in many ways. One way that the space program has helped people is in the area of health and medicine, because
of the space program inventions such as artificial limbs, and infrared ear thermometers have benefitted people all over the world. Next, In the article,
"Technologies Benefit Our Lives", it says, "NASA's continued funding, coupled with its collective innovations in robotics and shock–absorption
/comfort materials are inspiring and enabling the private sector to create new and better solutions for animal and human prostheses. Advancements such
as Environmental Robots Inc.'s development of artificial muscle systems with robotic sensing and actuation capabilities for use in NASA space robotic
and extravehicular activities are

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