Diabetes mellitus for 2nd year bsc nursing.

1. AMIR ALTAF MIR
2ND YEARBSC NURSING
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4. DEFINITION:-
it is the condition in which carbohydrates metabolism
disturbed due to insufficient secretion of insulin hormones. It is
characterized by traid features e.g, polyuria, polyphagia.
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5. Glucose level increases. This is known as
hyperglycaemia.
Normal blood sugar level:
Fasting: 70-110mg/dl
postprandial (PP): 80-150mg/dl
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6. TYPES:-
There are three main types of DM.
1> TYPE 1 DM
2> TYPE 2 DM
3> GASTROINTESTINAL DM
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7.  TYPE 1 DM
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8. • TYPE 2 DM
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9. • GASTROINTESTINAL DM
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11. • ETIOLOGY:-
> Heredity.
> obesity.
> old age(pancreatic becomes slow).
> Renal disease.
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12. • CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS:-
In early stage ( no symptoms)
3P’s Symptoms:-
> polyuria.
> polyphagia.
> polydypsia.
Later symptoms are:-
> drowsiness.
> Blurred vision.
> Weight loss.
> Hypotension.
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13. • PATHOPHYSIOLOGY:- Destruction of β-cells
Decrease secreation of insulin
Insulin requirement is not sufficient for bod
Disturbance in carbohydrates metabolism
increase blood sugar level (hyperglacemia)
decrease energy patient feels fatigue
weight loss increase appetite
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14. • DIAGNOSTIC ELAVATUION:-
a) Blood Glucose level
b) Detection of complication
c) By signs & symptoms
d) History collection
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15. • COMPLICATIONS:-
1) Kidney disease.
2) Neuropathy.
3) Arteriosclerosis.
4) Infection.
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16. • PREVENTION & CONTROL:-
prevention is depends upon three factors.
1_ Dietary management.
2_ Execrise.
3_ Insulin Therapy.
PATIENT
EXECRISE
MONETERING
NUTRITIONAL
MANAGEMENT
EDUCATION
PHARMA
THERAPY
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17. • PHARMALOGICAL MANAGEMENT:-
>> Insulin injection. It should given before meal (half an
hours) in three times a day.
>> Hypoglycemic Drugs.
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18. • NURSING MANAGEMENT:-
* Teach patient abouy following a prescribed meal plan.
* Demontrate & explain thoroughly the procedure for insulin self-
injection.
* Review dosage and time of injc.
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19. • NURSING DIAGNOSIS:-
* Fluid volume deficit rltd to hyperglycemia nd restricted intake.
* Risk for unstable blood glucose level rltd to deficiency of insulin.
* Self care deficit rltd to disease process.
* Activity intolerance rltd to poor glucose.
*Altered daily living pattern rltd to fatigue and weakness.
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