Bolaven Firms

Bolaven Firms
Bolaven Farms' mission statement is "Growing the finest coffee is our passion. Restoring land
ownership to the joy of the farming poor is our desire". Its main purpose is to alleviate poverty and
to produce premium organic coffee. Once earning the initial investment, its aim to reinvest 80% of
its profit for community development sort of makes it a social business.
SWOT Analysis of Bolaven Farm:
Strength: Cheap labor, business with social cause, premium grade coffee, organic certified coffee,
75% of people are farmers
Weakness: The business is oligopoly. So, it's difficult to create the market, lack of farming skills,
corruption in Laos, starting a brand from scratch, local market
Opportunity: Market growth of coffee is huge (yearly ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Though 80% of the population of Laos is directly or indirectly related to agriculture most people
lack adequate knowledge about farming. The trained farmers lacked the necessary skills to transfer
their trainings to work.
Bolaven Farm is new and as the time passes the farmers will be fully able to comprehend the
process and thus it'll be more effective in their works after training in the future. Political instability:
Political instability may hamper infrastructural growth. The machines that are to be imported for
manufacturing purposes may take time due to legal issues. Once the company becomes successful
and earns recognition for its altruistic attitude, these problems can be curtailed. Besides, from the
quotes of the owner, his desire to be in politics can be understood which again would bring lots of
benefits to the company. Alternatives: Most of the people in Laos are accustomed to tea. But people
are always attracted to new things. Bolaven can use innovative marketing campaigns to lure a new
customer base which can include the entire tea customers plus people who usually not take caffeine
drinks. Bolaven can offer something like Argo tea to meet a new market need of healthy drinks.
Local Market: Laos is a small country in Asia with an area of 2,36,000 sq. kilometres. It has a
population of 6,500,000. The infrastructure of the country is very weak with a per capita GDP of $
1,320 only. Laos is one of the poorest countries in the world, ranked 143 among
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

1. Who are the country’s main competitors and how is it...
1. Who are the country's main competitors and how is it positioned relative to these main
competitors?
FDI inflows, by region and economy, 2012 (Latin American and the Caribbean) Country FDI in
2012 (Millions of dollars)
1. Brazil 65 271.85165
2. British Virgin Islands 64 895.73812
3. Chile 30 323.047
4. Colombia 15 822.93615
5. Argentina 12 551.11934
6. Peru 12 239.67185
7. Cayman Islands 4234.45103
8. Dominican Republic 3609.6
9. Venezuela 3216
Dominican Republic holds the 8th position in FDI inflows in the Latin America & Caribbean sector,
just above Venezuela, according to 2012 data provided by The World Bank . Due to the lack of
qualified labor force, high level of debts (including government debts), and the negative ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This shows potential that the economy is heading towards growth. According to the Global
Innovation Index 2013 , Dominican Republic's strengths count ecological sustainability, as in the
low amount of energy used per person and growth rate of GDP per worker. Also, there is a large
pool of local artisans that produce creative goods, which are often exported, bringing in profit for
the nation.
In contrast, Dominican Republic also has weaknesses such as the lack of funding into education,
contributing to the unemployment rate of 15% and the lack of qualified candidates on the job
market. Furthermore, the number of students in schools exceeds the number of teachers available
and universities in Dominican Republic are usually subject to low rankings compared to other
universities in the Latin Americas. Proper health care is also a disadvantage in Dominican Republic
and locals do not trust their own government, due to corruption. The Research and Development
sector rates poorly, leading to knowledge and technology outputs also being rated poor in the Global
Innovation Index. Finally, within the investment sector, the lack of venture capital deals, along with
low domestic credit to the private sector are counted as current weaknesses within the Dominican
Republic.

3. How does corruption manifest itself and how should it be dealt with?
While the Dominican government welcomes foreign investment, many problems can arise causing
problems and risks for

 Anti Corruption Commission in Bangladesh to Combat...
The Anti Corruption Commission in Bangladesh to combat corruption
Contents
Page number
 Introduction 1
 Anti Corruption Commission in Bangladesh 2
 Evolution of ACC 2
 Vision 2
 Mission 3
 Chairman & commissioners 3
 Functions of the commission 4
 Organogram, ACC 6
 Objectives of the ACC: 7
 Plan of Action of the ACC: 8
 Challenges of ACC in Bangladesh: 8
 Prospects of ACC in Bangladesh: 11
 PROSPECTS AND RECOMMANDATION TO COMBATING CORRUPTION 13
 Conclusion 15
 References 15
Introduction:
The issue of eradication and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Evolution of ACC:
During the end of WW II an organization by the name "Enforcement Branch" was created in 1943
under the Food Department to monitor and check pervasive corruption in the food rationing system
that was about to create famine like situation in the Sub–Continent. When the measure subsequently
proved to be futile the branch was placed under the CID and Anti–Corruption Act 1947 was enacted.
In the year 1957 the branch was reorganized as Bureau of Anti– Corruption duly enacting Anti–
Corruption Act 1957.
Since its inception in 1943 until 1983 the organization functioned as a branch of the Police although
the control of the organization passed hands between President 's Secretariate and Prime Minister 's
Office with the changes in the system of the Government. However, through a notification issued by
the Chief Martial Law Adminstrator 's Office on 19 October 1983 a separate employment charter

was provided to the Bureau curtailing its dependency on the police for manpower. But the
organization continued to function under the bureaucratic control.
The Anti Corruption Commission (ACC) Bangaldesh was created through an act promulgated on 23
February 2004 that into force on 09 May 2004. The first set of office bearers were appointed on 21
November 2004. The following day, it commenced its journey with a mission, a vow to make a
difference to the Nation 's anti corruption intitiatives and a fresh mandate. While its predecessor the
Bureau of Anti

Brazil Crime
Former Brazilian president Lula is sentenced to 145 months Brazil has become known for its
corruption and political scandals. This country is now facing one of its biggest scandals, and still,
the laws are protecting those that are being accused from massive corruption and money laundering.
Pick a famous politician, business leader, or celebrity who has been arrested recently. What crime
did he or she allegedly commit? Who was the victim? Explain his or her actions from the point of
view of one of the major sociological paradigms. What factors best explain how this person might
be punished if convicted of the crime? The former Brazilian president Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva has
been convicted of passive corruption and money laundering and sentenced to 12 years and one
month in prison. He has been accused of receiving a beachfront triplex apartment worth $755,000
from a construction company as a gift, but prosecutors alleged the gift as part of a bribe manipulated
by Lula at the oil company run by the state, Petrobras (Phillips, 2018). The victim in this situation is
the oil company Petrobras and consequently the costumers that use their expensive gasoline for
transportation ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This demonstrates the discrepancy of income between social classes in Brazil. Lula is considered an
example of the elite in Brazil, since he has wealth and power galore. He is affiliated to the Worker's
Party, which is ironic because according to his accusations, he was not looking for the workers, but
for his own interests. What is interesting is that Lula is considering running for presidency again this
year, and even more interesting is that he can't be prevented from doing that because there is a law
on his side, which affirms that his candidacy can only be prevented by convictions from two judges,
and Lula has been convicted from only one so far (D'Agostino,

Transparency International, Politically Non Partisan Movement
Transparency International
1.0 Introduction
Transparency International is independence, politically non–partisan movement that was created
with one mission that is to take stance against corruption internationally and bring about change. It
is a global movement with one mission that gives voice to witnesses and victim of abuse
(Transparency International, 2015). This study guide will provide more in–depth information about
the movement and its work as well as the three specific countries that are a member of Organization
for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) that together combatting this corruption
issues. The three countries current corruption cases and the development of the case will also going
to be discussed in this study ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In here, corruption can be defined as the abuse of entrusted power for private gain where, there are
many forms of corruption that Transparency International fight against (Transparency International,
2015). Through the anti–corruption glossary there are 3 types of corruption, which are:
Grand Corruption: acts committed at a high level of government that distort policies, enabling leader
to benefit at the expense of the public good.
Petty Corruption: acts of everyday abuse of entrusted power by mid– level and low public officials
during their interaction with the ordinary citizens, usually in public places like hospital, schools and
other agencies.
Political Corruption: Acts of manipulating policies, rules of procedure and institutions in the
allocation of resources, which abuse their position to sustain power, status and wealth.
This three acts of corruption have a huge negative impacts on the society, it can cost people's live,
become a major obstacle to democracy and law, depletes national wealth, makes people undermine
their trust in the political system as well as environmental degradation. Therefore, due to its high
level of harm to the society, Transparency International fully dedicated its non–confrontational
approach and the available partnership to get all of the relevant parties to negotiate and beat the
corruption through a step–by–step process (Transparency

Voting In Australia
Political, Legal, and Ethical Environment
Australia has a federal system of government and under that system the powers are divided between
a central government and individual states. Power is divided between the Commonwealth Federal
Government and the six state governments. Australian Parliament consists of the Queen (which is
represented by the Governor–General), the Senate, and the House of Representatives. There are
three arms to the government of Australia–the legislature (Parliament), the executive branch (the
Australian Government), and the judiciary branch (legal arm of the federal government). The
Parliament of Australia is made up of a total of 226 people who are elected to the Senate and House
of Representatives. The office ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Thanks in part to microeconomic reforms in the 1980s, Australia has experienced two decades of
continuous growth, low unemployment, controlled inflation, very low public debt, and a strong and
stable financial system (Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency, 2013–2014). Australia has an
efficient government sector, a flexible labor market, and a very competitive business sector (About
Australia Pty Ltd, 2015). The four main components that make up the Australian market economy
are trade, manufacturing, services, and finance. The services sector represents the largest part of the
Australian economy, accounting for 75% of all jobs and nearly 70% of the overall GDP
(Washington, DC: Central Intelligence Agency,

In Many Developing Countries, Corruption Is A Barrier To
In many developing countries, corruption is a barrier to economic growth. Corruption can prevent
the fair allocation of goods and services to citizens by trickling to aspects of everyday life. On a
macroeconomic level, scholars are of the belief that corruption hinders economic growth and
development (Mauro, 1995).
Definition
Corruption is often described as a cancer, one official simply referred to it as "the AIDs of
democracy" (Johnston, 1996). Corruption has been defined in a variety of ways, including as
"dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power, typically involving bribery". There is no 'clear–
cut' definition of corruption. Nevertheless, as mentioned in the previous section the World Bank's
definition will be used in this ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3. A corruption index sold by the International Country Risk Guide (ICRG), a private business
consulting company.
While the indicators have been widely used in empirical research, some researchers have questioned
about the accuracy of these measures and the validity of their use in empirical research (Campbell,
2013). As most estimates of corruption are based on surveys of perception. These perception surveys
have the advantage of good coverage–it is much easier to ask someone's perceptions of corruption
than to measure corruption. However, the validity and reliability of perception indicators as
measures of corruption, they remain in fact, a reference for people and both businesses and political
leaders to make decisions, enabling them to gauge the impact of corruption on the economy. Some
would see as better to go in with some information rather than nothing at all.
There are two competing views when discussing corruption. The first suggest that corruption creates
barriers to a country 's development. This is mainly seen in recent literature, for example, Rose–
Ackerman (1999) and Knack and Keefer (1995). The second being that corruption can be beneficial
for a country's development as they can easily overcome barriers such as regulation to complete
projects– although this is not a popular opinion. This review mainly tackles literature from the
school of thought that corruption can be harmful to a

Problem Of Poverty In India
INDIA: PROBLEM OF POVERTY AND REMEDIES
*Renu Assistant Professor (Sociology) C.R.K. College, Jind Haryana.
Renu10392@gmail.com
Introduction– India was called a 'Sparrow of Gold' in the past. Indians were prosperous. Many
outsiders attacked and looted it. Some of them went back while the remaining settled here.
Britishers came here and looted it. They spread their colonies all over India. They ruled over India.
At that time the condition of Indian economy and society was very worse. When India got freedom
from Britishers in 1947 it tried to develop. The main focus of Indian policies makers was on the
eradication of poverty. Five years plan was made for the purpose of eradication of poverty. But still
there are so many problems in the elimination of poverty. Some important barriers are as follows–
1. Over population– As per census of 2011 Indian total population is 1,210,193,422. India's ranking
is second in population. Is assumed by 2026 India would be first in high population in the world and
it defeat China in population. Day by day our population is growing more and more but we are
unable to provide employment to our citizens in a good ratio. A large part of our population is
illiterate and engaged in un–skilled sector, which is cause of poverty.
2. Unemployment– Due to overpopulation India suffers from the problem of unemployment which
is related with the problem of poverty. Millions of young are jobless. Millions of young are beaten
on very low

The Anti- Corruption Of Bangladesh
Since the independence, Bangladesh has achieved commendable progresses in terms of socio–
economic and governance. Corruption is still a major obstacle towards development and good
governance. There have been several institutions in the country established to fight corruption in the
country. The Bureau of Anti–Corruption (BAC) was established in 1957, during which Bangladesh
was East Pakistan. This bureau was the first institution established to fight corruption. Corruption
was identified as a crime under the Code of Criminal Procedure, 1898 as well as Prevention of
Corruption Act 1947 and the Anti–Corruption Act 1958. Unfortunately none of the above was
effective to address the issue of corruption in the country. During 1990's and 2000s ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to this amendment the organization had to seek government approval to investigate and
file a case, therefore it limited the operational capacity of the commission. Based on the complaints
from the lawmakers from all over the country, an amendment was made that allowed the
commission to be more independent and not subjected to the government approvals for their
investigation. Although the commission is independent by law, in practice the politicians and civil
society have turned their attention to the selection process of the commission leadership. (Global
Integrity, 2010) According to Hechler et.al (2011), the commission has been active during the tenure
of the caretaker government and has filed many cases including top political leaders. However, due
to the elections in December 2008, many cases were dropped. In 2010 a set of recommendations
were proposed that could limit the powers of the commission by providing a provision of seeking
approval from the government prior to the investigation, which was withdrew through campaigns by
civil society and media. (Transparency International, 2012) The Office of Comptroller and Auditor
General (OCAG), the Supreme Audit Institution (SAI) of Bangladesh is tasked to audit government
receipts, and public spending and to determine if the expenditures have produced value for money in
government offices, public bodies and statutory organizations. The Comptroller and

A Country Risk Assessments, Mitigation Strategies And...
SUMMER 2015
CM 565 MANAGING INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS
Assignment: Political and Economic Situation
___________________________________________________________
NOTE: Complete country risk assessments, mitigation strategies and analysis for Myanmar, Mexico
and Turkey Countries are based considering Acme Overseas Contractors.
1. POLITICAL STRUCTURE AND POLITICAL RISKS IN EACH COUNTRY:
(a.) Myanmar (Burma):
Political Structure:
Myanmar has been ruled by the military Junta from mid 20th century to early 21st century for
almost 50 years and had the complete power and grip over country and political situation. The 2010
legislative elections ended the rule of military junta, and welcomed a President rule. But still,
Myanmar is in the early stages of democracy where the political structure is dominated by the
military.
Myanmar is one of the most corrupted countries in the world ranking at 156 based on Corruption
Perception Index (CPI) in the year 2014.
Political Risks:
It will be a ripe situation for all the Western Countries doing business with lot of corruption involved
in the nation. Doing business will always be a risk in the country without a local partner as the
situations are completely controlled by the Junta. And its tough job for all the leading investors to
find a local partner without a connection with the military Junta which would ultimately increase the
risk of a boycott at home.
(b.)Mexico:
Political Structure:
The country has an settle multiparty

Factors Of Scooterino
The main political factor that would influence the success of Scooterino in a particular economy is
state regulations concerning ridesharing business. Specifically, the more regulations there are in a
given country targeted at a ridesharing business, the harder it will be to develop and sustain
Scooterino in that economy.
What is interesting in this analysis is that the four cities under consideration – Berlin, London,
Madrid and Paris are, naturally, all parts of the EU political and legal framework. It is worth noting
that one of the biggest names in a ridesharing business – Uber – has faced considerably more
obstacles on its rise to prominence in Europe, compared to the United States, where it originated. As
it appears, in Europe, traditional modes of transportation business prove to be a bigger resistance
towards ride–sharing business. . And in fact, currently there are undergoing discussions at the
European Commission on the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of the major factors deciding whether a ridesharing business will sustain in the long run is the
corruption level in a particular economy. Specifically, the higher the corruption level is, the easier it
would be for competing businesses to using various bribing schemes to enforce a ban on your
business. In the case of a ridesharing platform, the ban might be initiated in the interest of taxi
industry, and such cases are outlined further in the section dedicated to analysis of legal factors.
While there is no evidence to suggest that bans on ridesharing sector are caused solely by corrupt
state officials, in certain cases it is virtually to impossible to identify other reasons for restrictive
legislative acts. The more corrupt the particular state is, the easier it is for a particular lobbying
company to enforce legislative acts that would limit their competitors'

Denmark's Economy and Business Opportunities
Denmark is described as a "modern market economy with a high–tech agricultural sector, state–of–
the–art industry with world–leading firms in pharmaceutical, maritime shipping and renewable
energy" (CIA World Factbook, 2012). The country's economy experienced a housing boom in the
mid–2000s and housing prices dropped strongly during 2008–2009 much like what happened in the
United States. Denmark's GDP shrunk during these years, declining 0.8% in 2008 and 5.8% in 2009.
Real GDP growth in 2010 was 1.3% but the country slipped back into recession in 2011, finishing
the year with just 0.8% growth (CIA World Factbook, 2012). Despite the economic problems,
Denmark has a sound unemployment rate that has held steady at 6.1% of as 2011. The small size of
the country and the relatively slow growth rate of its population have allowed Denmark to maintain
this relatively healthy unemployment rate relative to other European countries. The World Bank
classifies Denmark as a high income country and a member of OECD (World Bank, 2012). The
country had been growing between 2 and 3% annually during the 2000s prior to the recession.
During these years, the unemployment rate was lower, in the 4–5% and just over 3% in 2008 prior
to the bursting of the housing bubble and the onset of the economic downturn. As a result,
Denmark's current situation reflects challenges associated with reaching full employment in the
economy, but its excellent starting point means that the country is relatively

Jewish Virtual Library ( Bard, 1998 )
Introduction
Israel is sought and acknowledged by many people for its religious tides. In this paper the readers
will gain extensive knowledge of Israel's history. In addition, readers will gain information on the
challenges that impact the way business is conducted in Israel through current culture and political
environments, business ethics, and corruption. As well as, trading, Free Trade Agreements, and
trends.
Historical Background
The country of Israel was founded in early 1948 (Bard, 1998). Israel is currently, the only Jewish
state in the world and was recently ranked by US News and World Reports, as the 8th most powerful
country in the world in 2015 as stated in article Jewish virtual library (Bard, 1998). Israel has a
terrain which consists of mostly mountains, plains, coasts, and desert. The country has a population
of about 7.59 million citizens with an annual population growth rate of (2009 est.): 1.7%
(Background notes on countries of the world: Israel, 2010). Since the 1980's, Israel began to earn a
sufficient amount of wealth from the country's natural resources in fertilizers and pesticides,
petrochemicals and plastics. Unfortunately for Israel, every good thing eventually comes to an end.
While the country has had a lot of natural resources in the past, the country began to see more
pollution and a steady decline in the country's resources in the year 2012. As mentioned in the
article, The Environmental Impact of Israeli Settlements on the Occupied

Bad News Can Rebuild Brazil
Marina Mendes Lemos de Oliveira
Jerry Martin
ENG 108
May 1, 2017
WA9: Bad News Can Rebuild Brazil The fight against corruption is a considerable issue that has
been dominating all the news and informal conversations in Brazil for the last two years. The
country is again in the midst of a whirlwind of public scandals. In Brazil, it is very common to
associate corruption with politicians. This happens because almost every day newspapers and
television present complaints about the abuse of public resources and funds for a personal favor.
Jose Ugaz, Chair of Transparency International asserts "In too many countries, people are deprived
of their most basic needs and go to bed hungry every night because of corruption, while the
powerful and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In fact, perhaps the first people to be corrupted in this country were exactly the natives because the
Portuguese bribed them to obtain Brazilian treasures. Nonetheless, it is a hypocrisy to say that just
police or politicians are corrupt in Brazil. A corrupted society, who gives a "jeitinho brasileiro",
which is a wrong way to solve problems, is the society who votes in corrupted politicians, who feeds
the corruption in Brazilian system. Corruption has also become more intense with the advent of
capitalism, and today the illicit enrichment of authorities is one of the main causes of the social
problems that Brazil faces. When government and authorities do not care about the society needs,
they promote the growth of poverty in the country. According to O'Connell Brazil has greater social
inequality, where the wealthy is concentrated on the hands of few people while the majority suffer
working hard to guarantee at their basic needs: For decades Brazil was known as one of the most
unequal countries in the world. The vast slums that shape its city landscapes have become almost
emblematic of a deep poverty and ingrained inequality that contradicts Brazil's ambitions of growth
and modernity. Brazil is one of the richest countries in Latin America, with its economy amongst the
ten largest in the world, in terms of social inequality; the country ranks a meagre twelfth globally.
(Par. 1)
In fact, Brazil is the eighth largest

International Monetary Fund ( Imf ), World Trade...
Belgium, Dominican Republic, and Israel are members of the International Monetary Fund (IMF),
World Trade Organization (WTO) and World Bank. These organizations in their own right are trying
to improve the economy by facilitating internationals trading (IMF) , reducing poverty around the
world (IMF), ensuring that trading flows smoothly and freely (WTO) and providing financial advice
to assist in economic advancement (World Bank). Countries that are members of the IMF, WTO and
World Bank, in my opinion believe that working together , following the organizations guidelines,
can improve the economy. Belgium works with other international and regional organizations, to
encourage economic cooperation and assistance to developing countries. Belgium is a key provider
of humanitarian, reconstruction, and development assistance in Africa, Afghanistan, and Syria.
Belgium is also the host country of the European Union (EU) and North Atlantic Treaty
Organization (NATO) and plays an important role in discussions between European foreign
ministers and the Secretary of State.
Dominican Republic, along with the United States as well as other Central American countries are
part of the Dominican Republic–Central America–United States Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA–
DR). This agreement creates economic opportunities by eliminating tariffs, opening markets and
reducing barriers. It facilitates trade and investment among these countries and furthers regional
integration. Israel and the

The Negative Effects Of Government Corruption
In 2016, the NYT surveyed approximately 2,000 people and of the 89 potential global fears the
survey asked about, the one that the highest share of Americans said they were afraid of was federal
government corruption. It was also the only fear that a majority of Americans said they shared. The
impacts of political corruption within the United States are vast, however, there are many citizens
and lawmakers that have suggested a solution to this problem. One solution that we find to be most
effective is to create transparency and openness in government spending. The more open and
transparent the process of government spending, the less opportunity it will provide for malpractice
and abuse. Paul Collier, professor of economics and public policy at the University of Oxford,
provides persuasive evidence on the negative impact of ineffective systems of budget control.
Countries where citizens are able to scrutinize government activities and debate about various public
policies also makes a difference. In this respect, press freedoms and levels of literacy will, likewise,
shape in important ways the context for reforms. A country that has an active civil society and a
culture of participation are important ingredients supporting various strategies aimed at reducing
corruption. Fun fact: New Zealand, which is consistently one of the top performers in Transparency
International's Corruption Perceptions Index, is a pioneer in creating transparent budget processes,
having approved in

Business Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility...
Business Ethics and
Corporate Social Responsibility
Individual report: Corruption
February 2013
Friedrich Heinrich Zenzen
University of Greenwich
Introduction
Corruption is a complex political, social, and economic anomaly that negatively affects developing
and developed countries. It weakens democratic institutions, holds economic development,
widening the rich–poor gap and certainly leads to governmental instability. The World Bank
definition of corruption states that "...the abuse of public office for private gain".
Corruption can be distinguished regarding to where it happens: at the political or management levels
of the public sector, or in the private sector between customer and supplier. It can be identified
regarding ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Ford and Richardson (1994) the model of ethical decision–making is generally detached by
individual factors and situational factors, which in situational factors is the most important.
Individual factors helps to understand the reason for some people perceive specific action to be
unethical whiles others do not. However, the decision–making cannot simply be explained in terms
of these individual factors, because after all several people seems to have 'multiple ethical selves'
(Trevino and Nelson 2007:180) – that is, they make different decisions in different situations.
Situational factors accepted to be the most important.
Individual Factors | Situational Factors | Age and gender | Issue–related | Moral intensity | National
and cultural characteristics | | Moral framing | Education and employment | | Rewards |
Psychological factor: | | Authority | Cognitive moral development and Locus of control | Context–
related | Bureaucracy | Personal values | | Work roles | Personal integrity | | Organisational culture |
Moral

Pros And Cons Of Global Corruption
Global Corruption
Corruption can be defined as "the abuse of entrusted power for private gain. It can be classified as
grand, petty and political, depending on the amounts of money lost and the sector where it occurs."
Bribery, extortion and embezzlement are the three principle versions of corruption. For instance, an
employee of a firm who is in charge of purchasing functions takes some amount of money from a
supplier (bribery), in which that same employee ensures the payment for the products to be above
the usual price. Then the residuary amount between the actual price and the turgid price after bribery
would get siphoned off by the employee and the supplier (embezzlement). If it's the case of political
corruption, an exemplifying scenario can be, some government officials use their positions to extort
payments from some government regulated firms. Expectably, economic corruption impairs
development and political corruption depraves prospering governance. Unfortunately, both of these
types of corruption continuously persist all around the world .
Every year, Transparency International publishes a Global Corruption Index analyzing each
country's projected corruption predicated on the scope of bribery, illegitimate government
expenditures and absence of anti–corruption regulations . For the last few decades, some countries
have been continuously occupying the end of the list together. By the end of last year, the top three
most corrupted countries were Afghanistan, Somalia and North Korea. Almost all of Afghanistan's
widespread corruption is connected to misuse of aid money that was provided to the country by
international entities. The Afghan government in 2012 promised to put efforts to diminish the
problem, however because of the fact that public officials are the largest beneficiaries from
corruption, there is not much of significant improvements has been made towards corruption
reduction . Somalia has experienced similar issues as well. One of the World Bank reports showed
that within the matter of 2 years, the aid money that Somalia received which is around $130 million
. Furthermore, Somalia's private companies have been reportedly paying certain fees to the
government officials in exchange of

Our Ability To Respond Analysis
In the article "Our Ability to Respond," the author is critical of many Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR) programs. He/she states that even though specific projects show some
improvement at the micro level, CSR has failed at the macro level proved by almost every indicators
that relate to social, environmental and ethical health of our society. That is to say, CSR does not
effectively assist us to get our communities and ecosystem better; instead, global challenges that we
are confronted with are getting worse.
The author backs up his/her argument by providing evidences from four different aspects – global
footprint, global weather, global village, and global dishonesty. Firstly, the author indicates that the
environmental impacts are ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, because the coach has always kept a strict standard that any violation of any team rule will
result in a suspension for the next game, he/she should follow whatever the standard is. If not
suspend those players who broke the rule, it will set a precedent for later team rule violations. It may
become an excuse for breaking rules. Second, the members of the sport team, not only those who
violate the rule, will learn from this experience about how serious a violation of rule is if they forfeit
the game eventually. Third, if the coach suspend those members, it will improve the coach's public
reputation of being honest and impartial, because he/she follows the rule instead of covering up for
the players and let them play the

President Ben Ali Research Paper
Introduction
On 17 December 2010, in Tunisia, Mohamed Bouazizi self–immolated outside the entrance of the
municipal building, following a humiliating experience with a female police officer. Bouazizi was a
street vendor who sold fruits, and police officers attempted to confiscate his produce and scales,
claiming he lacked the proper permit. In the struggle, a female police officer slapped him in front of
many witnesses–a dishonoring act. He went to provincial headquarters to complain to local officials
about the incident; however, they refused to see him. In an act of desperation, Mohamed Bouazizi
set himself ablaze and ultimately sparked an uprising that pushed President Ben Ali to flee the
country, inspiring Egypt, Libya, and other countries ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
President Bourguiba, Ben Ali's predecessor, marked his reign–which lasted 30 years–with imposed
"modernization" and complete disregard of Islamic principles like Ramadan and the hijab (Danahar,
2013, p. 44). Despite his title as president, Bourguiba failed to uphold democracy with the Tunisian
one–party system. According to Paul Danahar in his book The New Middle East (2013), "when he
[Bourguiba] was asked during the early years of independence about the country's political system,
he replied: 'The system? What system? I am the system!'" (p. 44). After Ben Ali took Bourguiba's
place as president following his apparent (and formally declared) disintegration in 1987, he spoke of
democratic reforms and the opening of the political system to other parties (Cavatorta & Haugbølle,
2012, p. 187; Danahar, 2013, p. 45). However, during his reign from 1987 up to the early protests
following the Bouazizi's act of desperation and ultimate death, Ben Ali failed to live up to his
promises. Slow progress was made at the beginning, but democratic reforms halted quickly followed
by excuses. First, Ben Ali claimed he could not implement excessive change too quickly "in order to
avoid the problems that Algeria encountered in the same period" (Cavatorta & Haugbølle, 2012, p.
188). Later, his regime brushed aside postponements of more reforms with the excuse of the attack
on September 11, 2001, asserting the issue of extremism infiltrating Tunisia and the democratic
system if democratic reforms are implemented at the time (Cavatorta & Haugbølle, 2012, p. 188).
Ben Ali's failed to uphold his initial promises, and it was apparent. As a form of corruption, this
failure resonated with the people of Tunisia, realizing that their president ran their country as a

Sociological Review of Inequality and Corruption
Sociological Review
Reference:
A Comparative Study of Inequality and Corruption
By Jong–sung You and Sanjeev Khagram
From American Sociological Review Vol. 70, No. 1, 2005
I. Objectives of Study
• To give a theoretical account of why income inequality increases corruption
• To show the explanatory ability of income inequality and the interaction between inequality and
democracy tested empirically against competing conventional explanations of corruption
• To conduct a methodological study, using statistical techniques, in finding the causes of
corruption.
II. Methodology
The study tackles the issue on corruption using both theoretical and methodological techniques to
approach the hypotheses. The first part of the paper ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The corrupt people will know this, of course, and will use this fact to their advantage. They will
provide "help," be it legal or illegal, in exchange for gaining the favor of the poor. The poor will
rarely see the under–the–table dealings that take place in these transactions, as they can only see the
benefits that they will be receiving from this rich person. As long as they get these benefits, it will
not matter to them how it was given to them. Consequently, as this kind of behavior becomes
common, people will think it is a normal practice and will see corruption as an appropriate form of
behavior.
• "The adverse effect of inequality on corruption is larger in more democratic countries."
Compared with authoritarian countries, where the leaders can just use their power to make civilians
live in fear, democratic leaders cannot get away with being tyrannical to their people. Authoritarians,
on the other hand, can rely both on oppression and repression as well as corruption in order to attain
their goals, which are more often than not beneficial only to the leaders.
Because democratic leaders cannot make use of oppression and repression, they are more bound to
use corrupt practices to keep things in their favor, as corruption does not involve much of instilling
fear onto the people, but more of manipulating the law and exploiting the disparity between the

Corruption In The United States
The corruptin is the abusive and inefficient use of resources by trusted powers for private gain.
Corruption is not committed to the rule of law, justice, human rights and the integrity of public
service, and it hurts every one who's life, livelihood, or happiness depends on the integrity of people
in a position of authority.Some times it's devastating impact is more visible . The governance
,transparency ,and fighting corruption is so important to sustaine economic growth.
Corruption diverts resources from the poor to the rich . when politicians don't make decisions to
benefit the public ,but rather themselves, this is a corruption .corruption by politicians or public
officials is not just an envelope filled with money ,these people make

Japan Economy Analysis
CUHK International Summer School 2009
MGT 3580
Global Enterprise Management
– Individual Country Analysis Assignment –
Contents Page
1. Introduction – Japan in a Glance 3
2. Japan's Current Economic Performance 3
1. GDP /Capital (PPP) and GDP growth Rate 3
2. Inflation Rate 3
3. Unemployment Rate 4
4. Foreign Direct Investment Report 4
1. FDI ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
From 2006 to 2007, Japan's inflation rate took a rapid increase from negative inflation in 2006 to
positive inflation rate in 2007. This sharp increase in inflation rate was likely to be due to the
world's shortage of rice crisis. As rice is Japan's main source of stable food, the rice crisis push up
rice prices globally, causing the inflation rate in Japan to rise sharply. Currently, there are
speculation that Japan's inflation rate may rose at the fastest pace in the decade as companies facing
the global economic crisis may pass higher costs to consumers.
Prices of daily necessities rose while pay stagnated, causing a sharp increase in consumer price
index and thus the increase in inflation rate.
3. Unemployment Rate

Japan's unemployment rate was 3.9% in 2008 and worsen during the global economy recession. The
ratio of jobs to applicants worsened, sliding to a two–year low of 0.97. Currently, Japan's
unemployment rate rose to 5.2%, as the number of jobless rose to nearly 3.5 million. 'The total
number of jobless people climbed by 770,000 from a year earlier to 3.47 million in May, according
to the Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications in its monthly report. Those with
employment fell by 1.36 million from the previous year to 63.42 million,' as quoted by TOMOKO
A. HOSAKA – Jun 30, 2009. It is expected that Japan's unemployment rate will rise to a new record
since its last peak in 2002 (Refer to Annex 2.31) This increase in unemployment

Corruption And Corruption Of India
India the second most populated country in the world, is badly affected by corruption. This paper
analyses the serious problem of the corruption, how did it evolve, areas affected by corruption,
causes of corruption and how to combat corruption. Corruption is one of the largest element to be
found in most parts of the India. No individual can be free from it, there is no area which is free of
corruption. It emphasizes that lack of transparency, morality, accountability and consistency as well
as institutional weakness provide a fertile ground for the growth of corruption in India. It also
emphasizes that how corruption is related to development issues in India.It is one of the biggest
threat that India is facing. It is essential to take ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Both the parties in the exchange of power for privileges want their transaction to be a secret, which
makes it difficult to establish how widely and deeply corruption has penetrated into our economy
and social life. Below listed are some of the characteristics.
a) Recipients and payers.
b) Extortion.
c) Lubricant of society.
d) An ethical problem.
e) Poverty reduction.
Recipients and payers
Corruption is the abuse of entrusted power and elected authority for private profit. Complaints are
often heard about politicians and public officials who accept bribes and enrich themselves privately
at the expense of the common citizen. This may be at the expense of the employee or the employer,
consumer and the producer, the renter and the tenant, the one applying for a permit or asking
exemption from an obligation to pay or to deliver a product or service. All the cases might be
considered to be abuse of power authority for one's own benefit.
Extortion
Most of them go a step further. They not only blame the politicians but also the public officials for
willingly accepting the bribes. They often allege that those having authority in the society ask to be
bribed or give an opportunity to bribe. There is no escaping from it, if one refuses to pay, you are
bound to fall behind.
Lubricant of Society
Many believe that paying bribe is required to ensure smoother operation of the society. They think
that without an occasional gift, entering into a contract

Nigeria Is The Chronic Level Of Corruption
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Nigeria is a country of promise that is hampered by a series of huge challenges. One of the most
pervasive and destructive issues facing Nigeria is the chronic level of corruption. Africa's most
populous country with over 170 million people, modern Nigeria emerged from British colonialism
gaining full independence in 1960. After many years of military rule, a 1999 constitution heralded a
move to a civilian democratic government which has been in place ever since. (Africa:Nigeria,
2013)
Nigeria is a resource rich nation with extensive reserves of oil and in fact, is Africa's largest
producer of oil. British Petroleum ranks Nigeria 9th in terms of the world's oil producing nations. (
Desperate, 2012) However, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(Corruption, 2012)
Many have attempted to define corruption. Nye describes corruption as "behavior which deviates
from the formal duties of a public role because of private–regarding (personal, close family, private
clique) pecuniary or status gains; or violates rules against the exercise of certain types of private
regarding influence. This includes such behavior as bribery (use of a reward to pervert the judgment
of a person in a position of trust); nepotism (bestowal of patronage by reason of ascriptive
relationship rather than merit); and misappropriation (illegal appropriation of public resources for
private–regarding uses)." (Nye, 1967)
Corruption in Nigeria
As early as 1979, corruption became embedded in the political culture of Nigeria as well as in the
visible and the black market economies. All aspects of Nigerian society have been affected by
corruption including educational institutions and religious organizations. The various Nigerian heads
of state have made some effort to fight corruption but they themselves are the product of a system
that deals in patronage, pay–offs and under–the–table dealing. Some commentators wonder whether
the efforts to fight corruption are sincere and perhaps politicians are giving lip service to fighting
corruption as a worthwhile endeavor but in reality, these same politicians do not believe it is a
current priority. (Campbell, 2011)
Financial transparency and above–board business dealings could

Corruption Is The Biggest Among The Challenges Essay
CHAPTER ONE
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Corruption is the biggest among the challenges in Nigeria. It is clear to every citizen of Nigeria that
the level of corruption in the country is high. Corruption, an ethical and moral problem which varies
from place to place, time to time, culture to culture and with the level of economic development; is a
global phenomenon that affects developed, developing and underdeveloped nations of the world. It
is a major societal problem in the 21st century (Aluko, 2008).
1.1 What is Corruption?
Corruption is dishonest or fraudulent conduct by those in power typically involving bribery
(Uzochukwu Mike on hubpages). Corruption is illegitimate use of power to benefit a private interest
(Morris, 1991). Corruption is the giving or taking of bribe by a person to cover up the truth. It also
involves the use of public funds for private use. Corruption most times also is an act considered as a
criminal act according to the law of that particular place. Corruption is a disease that destroys the
fabric of any nation.
1.2 CORRUPTION AND DEVELOPMENT
Most times, corruption impacts negatively on the development of any society. It involves the cutting
of corners in order to provide substandard services in the various sectors of a society which
therefore retards the growth in the respective sector such as economic sector, educational sector,
medical sector, industrial sectors and other sectors. It may have negative effects such as breeding of
negative work ethics, and

Corruption Perception Index World Wide Ranking Map
Corruption Perception Index world wide ranking map Figure 1 : CPI, Corruption Perception Index
Figure 2 : Countries 1 to 95 Rank Figure 3 : Countries 95 to 182 Rank As shown in the Corruption
perception Index ranking China ranks at 75 vs Mexico 100 Mexico Employment Mexican work law
perceives and ensures the fundamental unalienable privileges of Employees, controls manager
worker relations, and sets up the working conditions for workers. The Federal Labor Law ("FLL")
characterizes a work relationship as the giving of a subordinated individual service by one
individual to another, in return for the installment of a pay and as per an individual business
contract. Mex Basis of Employment Relationship The employment contract ought to set forward the
conditions under which it is to be implemented. The employment contract must state: (1) the
representative 's and the business ' name, nationality, sex, common status and location; (2) whether
the employment is executed for a particular occupation or term, or for an uncertain term; (3) a
portrayal of the services to be given; (4) the location where the work is to be performed; (5) the
length of the work day; (6) the compensation or pay determining the day and spot of installment; (7)
the preparation program for the worker as per the methodology and projects set up by the business
as required by the FLL, and (8) different terms and states of job, for example, days off and leave
settled upon by the worker and the

Assignment on Hr Practices
Executive Summary NGO sector is the potential sector where the growth of a developing country
depends a lot. In Bangladesh NGO sector is also very influential. This sector is very big in
Bangladesh and holds a lot of skilled employees. So Human Resource Management (HRM) is very
much applicable as well as practiced in NGOs of Bangladesh. Transparency International
Bangladesh (TIB) is well known in Bangladesh. To compete the global challenge TIB has developed
a skilled and efficient workforce. This large employee force is managed totally by the HR
department of TIB. This HR department meets all the requirements of the employees from salary to
rewards, hiring to firing employees and other important developing trainings. In this ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
It prevents rule of law, distorts market and stifles economic growth. Corruption creates and
perpetuates social and economic deprivation and inequality. Corruption leads to violation of basic
constitutional and human rights. It breeds crimes, social frustration and discontent. Corruption
undermines the processes and structures that could be conducive to poverty reduction and promotion
of human security.
Corruption is nothing new, nor is it peculiar to any particular context. It takes place in greater or
lesser degree in all countries of the world, irrespective of political and economic system, big or
small, developed or developing. However, in a developing country like Bangladesh its impacts are
most unbearable. Corruption has become a key issue of public interest in Bangladesh not merely
because of the annual Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) published by Transparency International
which has for the fifth successive year ranked Bangladesh at the bottom of the list, but more
importantly because of the way corruption affects the lives of the common people. Irrespective of
whether Bangladesh ranks at the bottom or higher in international comparison, there is a widespread
public concern in the country about a pervasive presence of corruption. All the major political
parties recognize corruption as a key national issue and almost

Is Corruption Free India Possible
Is Corruption free India Possible? How you can help?
Even after 62 years of India's independence, the plight of common man has worsened. Corrupt
public servants, corrupt judges, corrupt police, etc are proving to be parasites leading 5–star
lifestyles at taxpayer's expense. They in their greed for money, bribe are aiding & abetting terrorists,
separatists, naxalites, underworld mafia, etc covertly & overtly, backstabbing our motherland. These
corrupt public servants are crueler than Jalianwallah Bagh butcher General Dyer of British army. If
Mahatma Gandhi was alive today, he would have been disgusted with the present way of democratic
government, functioning of public servants & would have died heart broken. If our freedom martyrs
like ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
How has this come to be? Would be quite a pertinent question.
The corrupt practices have now become our lifestyle to such an extent that, we do not seem to feel
that there is anything wrong in what all we are doing., and that things should not be as they are. We,
on the contrary are inclined to justify all wrong saying that, without doing wrong we cannot exist or
be functional.
When we start thinking that corruption is a must, then I feel that the situation has reached a point of
no correction. This present apathy shows how far the degradation of our values have reached, and
how low the system has dipped. When we start justifying all the wrongs we do, it is the beginning of
the end., as, we are not only doing wrong, we are at the same time thinking that it is correct, then
where can the scope be for correction? It would be rather interesting to note and specify as to how
this process of continuous degeneration started, for it is the root that grows into a magnum tree. It is
thus of great value to know who put the seed that grew into this poisonous tree. In this connection, it
is understand that, this degeneration started from the top echelons of society, and then percolated
downwards, without a hurdle.
Who is at the top or the apex of our society? It is the set of people who have all the power that is
invested in them by, us the people. Now, it is for the goodwill of this top layer of society to give the

Corruption Perception Index
QUESTION
The Corruption Perception Index (CPI) is a comparative assessment of a country's integrity
performance along with related academic research on corruption. Provide a description of this index
and its ranking. Identify the five countries with the lowest and five with highest CPI scores
according to this index.
1.0 INTRODUCTION Ethics is accepted principles of right or wrong that govern the conduct of a
person, the members of a profession and the actions of an organization. There are five ethical issues
which are employment practices, human rights, environmental regulations, corruption and the moral
obligation of multinational companies. Corruption means misusing public office for personal gain
for example, by accepting bribes or ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Therefore, these two agencies will have effective anti–corruption measures and the sound legal
framework continue to ensure government integrity. Lastly in terms of economic development. New
Zealand's strong commitment to economic freedom has resulted in a policy framework that
encourages impressive economic resilience. Have high GDP per capita, low inequality rates and
priorities human right issues (e.g. gender equality, freedom of information). Government enclosed
all the information to avoid corruption.
2.2 Denmark In the 2011 Corruption Perception Index (CPI), Denmark is the second top with a
score of 9.4 after the New Zealand. Denmark have been consistently ranked at the top of the CPI
and are perceived to be the least corrupt of all the countries surveyed (http://www.guardian.co.uk).
Denmark is the country that was contribute less corruption due to some factors. Firstly is through
the culture. Their people were well known as hardworking and able to articulate their opinion. It
means these citizens were able to put thoughts and feelings into clear speech. They are too brave to
speak. If there is any wrongdoings occured among themselves, they were advise and together in
avoiding that fault. They are also practising openness. Openness is an incredible force to change
society and to make sure the population can influence

Corruption During The Cold War
Speaking about corruption in the international realm was a taboo before the end of the cold war. But
the end of the cold war has led to the consolidation of democracy, political stability, and respect for
the rule of law, as well as effective development and expansion of open and competitive markets. In
the recent years, especially from late 1980's, the phenomenon of corruption has received a great deal
of attention from the international community. In fact, the degree of attention attributed to combat
corruption has been unprecedented, that the efforts made at the international level has paved the way
for the negotiation and adoption of five legally binding international anti–corruption instruments
within a span of seven to eight years

Essay Pest for Russia
Assignment 1– PEST Analysis: Business Environment in Russia
(982 words)
Pest Analysis: Business Environment in Russia
Introduction
Russia, with a wide base of natural resources and one of the BRIC countries is seen as an attractive
market to gain a toehold in by global investors including the United Kingdom's retail industry. This
report aims to analyze the business environment in Russia for British retailers using the PEST
analysis. The PEST analysis will focus on four different aspects of the business environment which
are the political, economic, sociocultural and technological factors.
Political
The political factor will consider the level of corruption in Russia and how it affects the retail
industry seeking expansion. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The World Bank stated that 'Russia is likely to grow by 4.2 percent in 2010, followed by 4.5 percent
in 2011 and 3.5 percent in 2012' (The World Bank, 2010, pp. 2). They went on to claim that Russia
would increase in world growth by 3.5% in 2010, followed by 3.2 % in 2011 and 3.6 % in 2012
(ibid.).
Furthermore, Russia has the 7th largest labour force in the world. The unemployment rate has also
improved from 8.4% in 2009 to 7.6% in 2010 (CIA, 2011). These statistics signify that the Russian
economy is moving in an upward trend.
Based on the Global Retail Development Index (GRDI) carried out by management consulting firm
A.T. Kearney (2011), Russia managed to clinch the 2nd spot in 2009 but dropped to the 10th spot in
2010. Although Russia fell to tenth on the GRDI, it still remains as one of the most high priority
market for retailers.
Besides that, Russia's Federal State Statistics Service (2011) showed that the retail trade turnover
Russia has also increased from 3693,2 billion rubles in 2009 to 4191,0 rubles in 2010 proving that
the retail market there is very profitable.
Social
The sociocultural factors on the other hand will consider the perceptions of Russian consumers in
addition to their population growth, income distribution and living standards. According to the
research carried out by Huddleston et al. (2011, pp.179), Russians 'do perceive differences in
product quality

Index of Economic Freedom Essay
The steady stream of current world events provides us with the signs to be read if we only take the
time and the intention to pay attention to those lessons. The economic view provides a robust
language for understanding the basic physical reality of scarcity, and the varied human beliefs and
responses we take as we attempt to deal with that scarcity. As Smith and Ricardo teach us, the subtle
and important understanding lies in the space between what human desires dictate in the personal
scale, in the short run; and what consequences play out on the grand scale, in the long run. In this
paper we look at the proxy effects of policies intended by governments to forge policies in the short
run, as compared to the inevitable effects that flow ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The following table shows the results: Fraser Institute : Heritage Index Correlation: 0.9276 Ease of
Doing Business, World Bank : Heritage Index Correlation: 0.9606 Freedom House, Civil Liberties
Index : Heritage Index Correlation: 0.8205 This data makes clear that the Heritage Index, even if
biased, correlates strongly with measures from other organizations, calculated with different
methodologies, for different purposes. The Heritage Index is calculated using ten sub–indices as
measures of relevant components of economic freedom. These sub–indices produce an overall
composite score. The list of indices and some detail on what they measure is as follows: Business
Freedom; the general barriers to entry and exit of the market, procedures, licenses, time, cost, and
difficulty in starting a business. Trade Freedom; tariffs and quote barriers to import and export,
price, investment, and regulatory restrictions, as well as direct government intervention such as
domestic subsidy. Monetary Freedom; measures of price stability and price controls, inflation rate
over a three year period. Investment Freedom; the ability to transfer money and investments across
borders, transparency and bureaucracy, nationality prescreening, restrictions on land ownership,
industry sector restrictions, expropriation or nationalization without compensation, access controls
on foreign exchanges,

Corruption Of The Russian Government
Abstract
Over the past decade (from 2004 to 2014), political corruption in Russia government is gradually
uncovered by some global medias and organizations. Such tendency not only repainted the entire
landscape of Russia government, but also raised public awareness on the significance of preventing
a greater deterioration of this political phenomenon worldwide. This report aims to prove such
political phenomenon is unethical through the comparison with code of conduct, and to provide
tangible measures and solutions. The result suggests that high–level of corruption in the Russian
government is one of the factors of inflation. It is also found that corruption will lead to social
issues. Most importantly, such political behavior is unethical regarding the code of conduct. In order
to achieve a revolutionary change in the Russia government, therefore, a redefinition of legislation
and a recreation of domestic press are indispensible.
Table of Content
ABSTRACT 3
1. INTRODUCTION 4
1.1 BACKGROUND 4
1.2 AIMS AND PURPOSE 5
2.0 DISCUSSION 5
2.1 BACKGROUND 5
2.1.1 The influence on the economy 6
2.1.2 The influence on the society 6
2.2COMPARISON WITH CODE OF CONDUCT 7
2.3 MEASURES TAKEN TO DISCIPLINE OR PREVENT FURTHER OCCURRENCES 8
2.3.1 Redefinition of legislation 8
2.3.2 Recreation of domestic press 8
3.0 CONCLUSION 9
4.0 RECOMMENDATION 10
BIBLIOGRAPHY 10
1. Introduction 1.1 Background
Political corruption, an abuse of power by government officials in order

Corruption in Kenya
Corruption in Kenya
Introduction
Corruption is a global phenomenon and is not bound to be found only in the developing countries
but also in the developed countries of the world. Corruption crosses boundaries or age and is
mentioned in the religious books of old such as the Bible (Deuteronomy Chapter 16, verses 19), and
in Chinese dynasty of Qin Dynasty (221–207).[1] Examples of corruption in developed countries
include in Russia where the government of Putin went through all methods known to them to
corruptly take away the petroleum mining from the owner,[2]who also is accused of having acquired
the wealth corruptly under the leadership of Boris Yeltin's rule which cost Russia its valued national
resources and gave it to the oligarchy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In the Kenyan scope, corruption is defined to include "benefit" which means any gift, loan, fee,
reward, appointment, service, favour, forbearance, promise or other consideration or advantage;
corruption referring to an offence under any of the provisions of sections 39 to 44, 46 and 47;
bribery; fraud; embezzlement or misappropriation of public funds; abuse of office; breach of trust;
or an offence involving dishonesty – in connection with any tax, rate or impost levied under any Act
or under any written law relating to the elections of persons to public office.[13]Together with these
are the Economic crimes referring to offences under section 45; or offences involving dishonesty
under any written law providing for the maintenance or protection of the public revenue.[14]
This wide definition of corruption does not cover any corrupt activities committed in a private entity
or fund. This does not however imply that corruption only occurs in the public sector. Instead the
network of corruption extends into executive, judiciary, legislative, civil–service, private sector
down to the village tycoon and villager who gives gifts to

Challenges to Vietnam's State Capacity
THREE MAJOR CHALLENGES TO STATE CAPACITY
FACED BY VIETNAM OVER THE LAST DECADE
State–building is an enduring process dating back from the 13th century. Since the emergence of
modern states, there has never been a smooth and flat road for states' development. States, ranging
from strong to weak or from rich to poor, all have difficulties in every step of the progress.
However, different states with a different history, society and nature will have to face up to different
challenges, especially the challenges to state capacity which is a fundamental element of
maintaining a state. Vietnam is not an exception. Being a developing country, the challenges to
Vietnam's state capacity are understandably numerous. Among those varied ... Show more content
on Helpwriting.net ...
Firstly, it challenges the state capacity in ensuring equality among the whole society. In most cases
of corruption, wealth is concentrated in the hands of a minority of population as money and
properties go to the pockets of those who have power and position. Vice versa, good positions and
promotions are given to those who have money instead of genuine ability. The burden of corruption
falls on the poor since they are not able to afford the bribes to get good education, health care and
other services (Myint 2000). Secondly, corruption, by creating inequality within the society also
reduces the legitimacy of the government in the eyes of its citizens. A government which is seriously
corrupted is hardly able to implement laws and policies efficiently. Moreover, the capacity of the
state to invest in national projects is also diminished because of serious losses of revenues caused by
corruption. Businesses and companies in Vietnam pay bribes to get reduction of taxes, fees, dues,
custom duties and public utility charges such as for water and electricity (Myint, 49). Thus, in direct
or indirect ways, corruption is still a great challenge to the state capacity of Vietnam that both the
government and citizens are for years trying to find a resolution.
Secondly, apart from corruption which is a challenge emerges within the state,

The Importance Of Corruption In Iraq
The lack of anti–corruption agencies and a strong legislature thwarted Russian capitalization, and
Iraq must avoid both mistakes in order to create a strong, free–market democracy. Russia's failure to
develop institutions against corruption resulted in a crooked electoral system, which weakened the
democracy that was being introduced. By centralizing the power in the executive branch, Russia
failed to give adequate power and representation to its regional governments, which obstructed
democratization and the free market. Iraq's embryo democracy ought to learn from these two
negative lessons to avoid economic collapse, and create adequate regional representation, legislative
power, and anti–corruption organizations. Anti–corruption ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net
...
Since capitalism and democracy are literally by the people, the government must work closely with
the people. One of Russia's great mistakes happened when Yeltsin attempted to force capitalism
upon the Russian people in the January of 1992. Instead of working alongside the people to create
capitalism, Yeltsin used Gaidar's price liberalization policy known as "shock therapy" (McCauley
1998, 59). Today, executive power recentralizes. Putin has used military power to establish central
control in the executive branch which has given him control over defense, internal affairs, and
security. (Chubarov 2001, 259). There is no strong government representing the people that has the
power to change the current status. If a strong parliamentary branch of government is formed with
power over the president, democracies can more fully represent and work with the people, matching
their interests. Regional governments support capitalism more than a strong centralized President.
Authoritarian regimes and capitalism don't mix well, and Russia is the prime example for this. If
democracy in Iraq is to succeed, institutions must be made to fight corruption and protect the very
things that corruption threatens. Russia's neglect to fight corruption basically cancelled out the
whole purpose of elections. Iraq, with its developing democracy must give parties and candidates
equal opportunity in elections through strong institutions protecting

Organized Crime And Corruption In Latin America
Bono, an Irish venture capitalist and philanthropist, once stated, "The biggest disease is corruption.
The vaccine is transparency." Unfortunately, Latin American and Caribbean states became infected
after the end of colonialism in the 1800's, and not a single Latin American or Caribbean state has
cured itself. On 25 January 2017, Transparency International, an anti–corruption NGO, released its
2016 edition of the Corruption Perceptions Index, which revealed that the average score on the
Index for the Latin American and Caribbean region (LAC) was a meager 44 out of 100. Anything
below a 50 out of 100 indicates that governments are failing to tackle corruption. There are two
principal reason for the rampant corruption witnessed in the LAC: the relationship between
organized crime and corruption and the region's skewered political system that creates a breeding
ground for powerful oligarchies that misappropriate power and funds to satisfy their own desires.
First, the correlation between organized crime and corruption is both a cycle and geographical.
Organized crime cannot exist without corruption, but corruption is, in part, briberies by criminal
organizations or simple businesses looking to bypass government regulations. Moreover, Central
America, due to its geographical location, is a hub of drug trafficking and criminal gangs. With
regard to the LAC's crooked political system, during the region's colonial days it was ripe with
corruption, and that trend persisted after

Speech On Corruption Of India
THE PLUNDER OF INDIA
Corruption in India is widely spread. India is ranked 85 out of 179 countries in Transparency
International's Corruption Perceptions Index; its score has improved rapidly from 2.7 in 2002 to 3.4
in 2008. It is the one of the main problem facing by India in his way of development. Corruption is
not a recent phenomena it existed in form or another form since immemorial. In various ancient
civilizations it is clearly demonstrated that bribery was a serious problem among the Jews, Chinese,
Japanese, Greeks, Romans as well as Azeets of the modern world. A study done by Transparency
International (TI) in year 2005 found that in India more than half of the had firsthand experience ...
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Indian economy has grabbed steam and the Nation has started to be specified in the same class as
China. Also nobody has ascribed the increasing speed of the rate of development to a sudden
diminish in defilement in India. It would be tricky to contend that the level of defilement in India is
altogether not the same as that in Pakistan. Furthermore on the off chance that somebody does
contend the case, it would be of significant enthusiasm to go into the purposes behind the
distinction. An exchange of the reasons for defilement could yield some significant pointers in
regards to the measures that could help lessening its commonness. A centered discourse of
defilement would profit from characterizing it barely as the ill–use of open office for private
increase. This would recognize it from other criminal acts like extortion, theft, blackmail and
coercion, all of which can be conferred by private people not holding open office. It would likewise
help to consider independently the phenomena of low what's more abnormal state defilement,
separately. Low–level defilement (best described as "chai paani" corruption) is the thing that the
regular resident experiences consistently and what shades his view of its imperativeness. The social
dissatisfactions brought about by needing to circled and pay additional cash for basically everything
can naturally make it appear the Reason for all our issues. Truth be told, "chai paani" corruption
might not have real negative results for financial development. It constitutes more an exchange of
cash starting with one pocket then onto the next in a general public where numerous open authorities
are not paid a living compensation and where bureaucratic methods stay antiquated, bulky and
moderate. Its occurrence inexorably reduces with financial development and modernization as both
the needs to request little rewards and the chances to control methods diminish, because of
corruption

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