India successfully launched the Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM) in November 2013, reaching Mars' orbit in September 2014. MOM cost $74 million, making it the least expensive Mars mission to date. Its objectives were to demonstrate India's technological capability and to study Mars' surface and atmosphere using five scientific instruments. The mission succeeded in placing India among an elite group of four nations that have reached Mars.

2. Mangalyaan or MOM (24-Sep-
2014)
 India creates history as ISRO's first
Mars orbiter Mangalyaan successfully
enters red planet's orbit.

3. Here are five key questions about
the Historic Mission.
What exactly is the Mars Orbiter?
Why is it so significant?
How long did it take to reach Mars?
What scientific evidence is the MOM hoping to
collect?
How much has the mission cost?

4. Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM)
 The Mars Orbiter Mission – known as
Mangalyaan or MOM –Its a spacecraft
orbiting Mars since 24 sep 14.
 The mission is a “Technology demonstrator”
Project.
 The MOM mission concept began with a
feasibility study in 2010, after the launch of
lunar satellite Chandrayaan-1 in 2008.

5. • The government of India approved the
project on 3 August 2012.
• The Mars Orbiter Mission probe lifted-off
from the First Launch Pad at Satish
Dhawan Space
Centre (Sriharikota Range
SHAR), Andhra Pradesh, using a Polar
Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) rocket
C25 on 5 November 2013.

6.  MOM spent 25 days in the Earth's orbit
to break Geocentric phase.
 On 30 November 2013 a 23-minute
engine firing initiated the transfer of
MOM away from Earth orbit and on
heliocentric trajectory toward Mars. The
probe travelled a distance of
780,000,000 kilometres to reach Mars.

7.  Finally the Mom has completed a 300-
day marathon to make the 200-million-
kilometer journey to Mars.
 India becomes fourth nation(US, Russia
and Europe) to celebrate reaching Mars
– and the first to manage it on first
attempt. Japan and China have
attempted to do so but failed.

8. Spacecraft Design &
specifications
 The Orbiter is a 1,337 kilogram, including 852 kg of
propellant.
 The satellite structure is constructed of an
aluminium and composite fibre reinforced plastic
(CFRP) sandwich construction.
 Electric power is generated by three solar
array panels of 1.8 m × 1.4 m each, for a
maximum of 840 watts of power generation in
Mars orbit. Electricity is stored in a 36 Ah Li-ion
battery.

9. Study Purpose of MOM
 The Mom carries five scientific instruments, for
studying the Atmospheric, Particle environment
and Surface imaging on Mars.
The 5 instruments are,
1. LAP (Lyman-Alpha Photometer)
2. MSM (Methane Sensor for Mars)
3. MENCA (Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition
Analyser)
4. TIS (Thermal Infrared Imaging Spectrometer)
5. MCC (Mars Colour Camera)

12.  Atmospheric studies:
1.) Lyman-Alpha Photometer (LAP):-
a photometer that measures the relative
abundance of deuterium and hydrogen from
Lyman-alpha emissions in the upper
atmosphere.
2.) Methane Sensor for Mars (MSM):– It will
measure methane in the atmosphere of
Mars, if any, and map its sources.

13.  Living things produce more than 90
percent of the methane in Earth's
atmosphere.
 MOM will search for methane, a key
target for researchers hunting for signs
of life on Mars.

14.  Particle environment studies:
3.) Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition
Analyser (MENCA) :– It is a mass
analyser capable of analysing the neutral
composition of particles in the
exosphere.
 Surface imaging studies:
4.) Thermal Infrared Imaging
Spectrometer (TIS):– It will measure the
temperature and emissivity of the
Martian surface

15. 5.) Mars Colour Camera (MCC):–
It will provide images in the visual spectrum,
providing context for the other instruments.

16. Cost of MOM
 The total cost of the mission was
approximately 454 Crores ($74 million),
making it the least-expensive Mars mission
to date.
 The $74 million MOM mission is mainly a
technology demonstration, designed to
show that India can indeed get a spacecraft
to Mars.
 But MOM carry a camera and four scientific
instruments, which the craft will use to study
the planet's surface and atmosphere.

20. CONCLUSSION
 The success of Mangalyaan showed world
nations Indian and ISRO superiority in the
space technology.
 The primary objective of the Mars Orbiter
Mission is to showcase India's rocket
launch systems, spacecraft-building and
operations capabilities.

21. India’s Mars mission represents a
technological leap for the South Asian
nation, pushing it ahead of space rivals
China and Japan in the field of
interplanetary exploration.
1.) Improving the business and revenue of
ISRO.
2.) Space technology and Missile technology.
3.) Placing an orbit and exploring the Mars is
a prestige and proud for India and we