A slide on India's recent Mars orbiter mission.

1. MARS ORBITER MISSION

2. The Planet Mars
Mars is the fourth planet from the Sun.
Named after the Roman god of war, and
often described as the “Red Planet” due to
its reddish appearance. Mars is a terrestrial
planet with a thin atmosphere composed
primarily of carbon dioxide.
Mass: 641,693,000,000,000 billion kg (0.107 x
Earth)
Notable Moons: Phobos & Deimos
Orbit Distance: 227,943,824 km (1.38 AU)
Orbit Period: 686.98 Earth days (1.88 Earth
years)
Surface Temperature: -87 to -5 °C
First Record: 2nd millennium BC
Recorded By: Egyptian astronomers

3. REACHING MARS
No country has ever had a successful Mars mission at
the first attempt. Only 3 countries have sent
successful Martian missions. India is the 4th.
Six countries have tried their hands to send missions to
Mars, India being the seventh. Only United States, Russia,
and France were a part of this Mars club, until today. No
country, until today, had ever had a successful Mars
mission at the first attempt except India.
USA sent its first Mars mission in 1960, and then several
others, all of which failed. In 1964, NASA’s Mariner’s 4 was
the first successful man-made mission to Mars. The
mission was just to perform a flyby. In contrast, in 1964,
Independent India was only 17 years old, struggling to
maintain its economy, and a year later in ’65, India would
fight a war with Pakistan.
In all, a total number of 51 Martian missions have been
tried, and only 21 of them have been successful. This does
not include India’s mission.

4. MISSION POSSIBLE
• The Mars Orbiter Mission (MOM), also
called Mangalyaan "Mars-craft" is a spacecraft
orbiting Mars since 24 September 2014.
• It was launched on 5 November 2013 by the Indian Space
Research Organisation (ISRO).
• It is India's first interplanetary mission and ISRO has become the
fourth space agency to reach Mars, after the Soviet space
program, NASA, and the European Space Agency.
• Mangalyaan - is built with a cost of Rs. 454 crores (that is around
Rs.4 per Indian, Rs. 12 per km). It is the cheapest Mars mission,
ever!

5. OBJECTIVES
The primary objective of the Mars Orbiter Mission
is to showcase India's rocket launch systems,
spacecraft-building and operations capabilities.
The secondary objective is to explore Mars'
surface
features, morphology, mineralogy and Martian
atmosphere using indigenous scientific
instruments.
To determine the quantities of water in Martian
atmosphere that will help scientists around the
world understand the history of Mars and how
much water has been lost to Martian atmosphere
in the past. The mission will also be to determine
quantities of methane in the atmosphere, another
key element for life.

6. TRAJECTORY

7. COMPONENTS
In terms of science there are 5 payloads –
• Lyman Alpha Photometer(LAP)- It will measure
the deuterium to hydrogen concentration
ratio in the atmosphere which will help you to
analyse the amount of water loss to outer space.
• Methane Sensor for Mars(MSM) - It will try
to estimate the trace amount of methane in the
martian atmosphere.
• Mars Exospheric Neutral Composition Analyzer (MENCA)
— is a quadrupole mass analyzer capable of analyzing the
neutral composition of particles in the exosphere.

8. • Mars Colour Camera (MCC) — This tri-color camera gives
images & information about the surface features and
composition of Martian surface. They are useful to monitor
the dynamics events and weather of mars.
• Thermal Infrared Sensor- It will give the details of
elevation and hotspots. Basically to understand the
surface morphology.

9. Cheapest, yes. Useless? No.
While there have been several critics of the mission given the
low-profile objectives of the mission, Mars Orbiter Mission is
in fact a significant one for ISRO and India.
Apart from scientific benefits, the mission
will also serve to advance scientific temper
in the country and to inspire children to take
up space exploration.
Isro uses its technology to help other
countries put their equipment in space. The
success of the Mars mission could transform
India into a big hub for cheap yet high-quality
space projects.

10. SPACE ODYSSEY
Nov 5, 2013: PSLV-C25 launched from
Sriharikota in an elliptical orbit around the earth
Dec 1: Trans Mars Injection, a propulsive
manoeuvre used to set a spacecraft on a
trajectory, completed at 00:49am
Dec 4: The spacecraft finally left the influence of
the earth and began travelling along a chalked
out heliocentric path
Sep 22, 2014: Liquid Apogee Motor engine
awakened after 300 days, performs final path
correction
Sep 24: Orbiter enters Mars orbit

11. NASA’s incredible support to the
mission.
American space agency has been incredibly
supportive of our Mars Orbiter Mission. NASA’s
futuristic Deep Space Network (a collection of huge
satellite antennas around the world that allow for
navigation in interplanetary space) has been crucial to
the mission, helping the Mangalyaan navigate the
space where India’s own Deep Space Network has no
reach. Around the time when MOM was to be
launched, American Government was facing a
government shutdown and despite that, NASA stood
by its word of providing communications and
navigation facilities for the mission.
Two weeks after MOM’s launch, NASA’s MAVEN, the
mission of which is to study the upper Martian
atmosphere, was launched and it made its orbital
insertion two days ago. ISRO & NASA now plan to
work closely together, sharing findings of either
missions.

12. MOM vs MAVEN
MOM MAVEN
Orbiter, India's maiden attempt
Launch vehicle: PSLV-XL
Launch date: Nov 5, 2013
Launch port: Sriharikota
Orbit entry date: Sept 24, 2014
Payload mass: 15kg
Cost: Rs450 crore
Aim: Technical aim to develop
capability to reach Mars.
Scientific goal to study methane
emission columns, abundance
of deuterium and hydrogen, take
images, analyse neutral
component of particles in
exosphere and do mineralogy
survey with thermal infrared
imaging spectrometer
Some experts say the mission's
main objective is to showcase
India's low-budget space
technology and grab a bigger
Orbiter, America's 15th attempt;
six were failures
Launch Vehicle: Atlas V
Launch date: Nov 18, 2013
Launch port: Cape Canaveral
Orbit entry date: Sept 22, 2014
Payload mass: 65kg
Aim: Determine the role that loss of
volatiles to space from the Martian
atmosphere has played through time
Determine the current state of the
upper atmosphere, ionosphere and
interactions with the solar wind
Determine the current rates of escape
of neutral gases and ions to space and
the processes controlling them
Determine the ratios of stable isotopes
in the Martian atmosphere
Mission duration: One year
Closest distance from Mars
surface: 150km
Cost: $671 million

13. COMING SOON
Chandrayaan 2-Chandrayaan 2, India’s second
mission to the Moon, is an advanced version of
the previous Chandrayaan-1 mission. It consists
of an Orbiter, Lander and Rover configuration
ASTROSAT-ASTROSAT is a multi-wavelength
astronomy mission aimed at studying the celestial
sources and will carry a suite of instruments
sensitive over a wide spectral region covering
Visible, Ultraviolet, Soft X-ray and Hard X-ray
bands.
Aditya 1-Aditya-1 is a scientific mission for solar
studies.

14. THANKYOU