Outline of the Philosophies of Education

1. PHILOSOPHIES OF EDUCATION
PHILOSOPHIES WHY TEACH? WHAT TO TEACH? HOW TO TEACH?
1. ESSENTIALISM
(Whatis necessary,
important/basic)
generalist
 To acquire basic
knowledge,skillsand
values.
 Notto reshape the
societybutto transmit
the traditional moral
values.
 To make studentsmodel
citizens
 Fundamental r’s –
reading,‘riting,‘rithmetic
and rightconduct.
 Traditional disciplines-
Math, Natural Sciences,
History,Foreign
Language & Literature.
 Mastery of the subject
matter.
 Drill method
 Memorization
 Teacheris the fountain
of information.
2. PROGRESSIVISM
(Learningbydoing)
JohnDewey- proponent
Educationislife
 To developintelligent
citizensof a democratic
country.
 To live life fully NOW not
to prepare studentsfor
adultlife.
 BelievesthatCHANGEis
the onlythingthat
doesn’tchange.
 Need-basedandrelevnt
curriculum
 Natural and social
sciences.
 Experiential method
 Problem-solving
 Scientificmethod
 Fieldtrips
 “hands-on- hearts-on”
 puzzles
3. PERENNIALISM
Generalist
Educationisuniversal/
constant.
 Developsstudent’s
rational andmoral
powers
 Believesthattruthis
universal andunchanging
 General curriculum
 Use of great books
 Teacher-centered
 Discipline
 Socratic-dialogue
4. EXISTENTIALISM
(freedom/life choices)
A personisa rational
animal
 To helpstudents
understandand
appreciate themselvesas
unique individualswho
accept complete
responsibilityfortheir
thoughts,feelingsand
actions.
 Purpose of life
 Self-esteem
 Freedom/choices
 Self-paced;self-directed
 Values-clarification
strategy

2. 5. BEHAVIORISM
Specialist
 To shape students
behavior
 Believesthatstudents
are productsof
environment.
 To respondfavorablyto
variousstimuli inthe
environment
 Arrange physical
environmental conditions
(light,temperature,
arrangementof
furnitures,size,quantity,
etc.)
6. LINGUISTICPHILOSOPHY  To develop
communicationskillsof
the learner
 To express
himself(learner) clearly
 To communicate clearly
 To use language correctly
 Experiential way/method
7. CONSTRUCTIVISM
Maker of meaning
 To developlearnerswho
can construct knowledge
and make meaningof
them
 Learnersare taughthow
to learn.
 Learningprocesses
(searching,critiquing,
evaluatinginformation,
reflecting, making
meaning,makinginsights
and researching).
 Experiencesthatallow
themto hypothesize,
predict,manipulate
objects,pose questions,
research,investigate,
imagine andinvent.
8. IDEALISM
Plato- Fatherof Idealism
Socrates- “Knowledgeis
virtue”
 To developlearnerswho
can reflectideas.
 Spiritual,reflection,ideas  Making reflections
 Introspection(self-
examination)
9. REALISM  To developlearnerswho
can observe throughthe
use of sensestothe
maximum
 Science
 Physical concept
 Observation
 Investigation
10. RECONSTRUCTIONISM  To developlearners
knowledge onsociety’s/
issues
 Social issues/needs
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