2. Geo-Informatics
Geo-Informatics is the combination of three branches:
• Remote Sensing
• Geographic Information System (GIS)
• Global Positioning System (GPS)
It is powerful tool to create maps, integrate information,
visualize scenarios, solve complicated problems, present
powerful ideas & develop effective solutions.
3. Today GIS Is Very Valuable tool
Used in Many Integrated Applications
Crime
Human Health
Education
Logistics
Energy
Defense/Security
Agriculture/Forestry
Public Safety
Global Warming
Urbanization
Pollution
Congestion
Land Use
Oceans
Business Efficiency
Water
Development
Biodiversity
Population
Economic Recovery
Humanitarian
Relief
National Security
Conservation
Land Management
Improved Planning, Management and Decision Making . . .
Science/Modeling
Energy
Facility
Management
Law Enforcement
Environmental Protection
Emergency Management
Natural
Resources
4. Telecommunication & Its key
concepts
Telecommunication is the assisted transmission of signals over a
distance for the purpose of communication.
In early times, smoke signals, drums, semaphore, flags or
heliograph were used for communication.
In modern times, the electronic devices such as telephone,
television, radio or computers are used.
Key Concepts: -
• Basic Elements
• Analogue or Digital
• Networks
• Channels
• Modulation
5. Issues in Telecommunication
1. Capacity Planning & Demand Forecasting
2. Map Creation & Updation of Network
3. Data Handling Problem
4. Network Monitoring
5. Optimal Use od Resources
6. Handling Customers Problem
7. Problem in Decision Making
6. GIS Role in Resolving
Telecommunication Issues
Map Creation
& Updation of
Network
Data
Handling
Network
Monitoring
Optimal Use
of Resources
Customer problems
• Time
• Cost
Capacity
Planning
& Demand
Forecasting
Problem in
Decision Making
Shared Geospatial
Services
Services
7. Capacity Planning & Demand
Forecasting
Requirements:
• Lots of time & money required
• More manpower
• Ground surveys
Loopholes:
• After fulfillment of all these requirements, some
loopholes left. Demand is not static, its keep
changing.
• Problem in identifying the no. of customers in an
area, so no idea of equipment amount needed to serve
an area.
8. GIS Solution:
• Extract useful information such as home passed, no.
of customers, etc. to establish a correlation b/w
network requirement & market potential in the
service areas.
• Identify existing network load & forecast demand
growth to perform capacity analysis.
• Helps in planting the efficient network.
• Just by sitting on desktop, we can view our plant &
customers and determine the amount of equipment
needed to serve an area.
9. Map Creation & Updation
Requirements:
• More Time
• Manpower
• Land Survey
• Tools
• Drawing Skill required
These requirements itself act as limitations for Map
creation of network.
These printed maps can’t be updated easily.
And also we can’t access the remote areas without
the help of Remote Sensing Satellites.
10. GIS Solution:
• Maps are created easily
using GIS tool.
• Updation is easy, could
be done in minutes.
• No drawing skill is
required.
11. Data Handling Problem
• Its very hard to preserve the conventional maps &
attribute data.
• Can’t search old data easily.
• Occupy lots of space.
• Maintenance problem
• Providing data to any other department is a timely
process.
12. GIS Solutions:
• Not data handling problem as data will be in digital
form.
• Few seconds required to search any old data.
• Less maintenance.
• Centralized Geo-Database System can be created so
that data could be available to any other Govt.
department easily.
• Availability of resources.
13. Network Monitoring
• Network Monitoring is very important part in
telecommunication.
• Trouble detection & correction requires man power
and technicians revisit.
• Back up & restoration needs to take device on
location again & again.
• Takes time in Network recovery.
• Emergency response is not possible.
• Fault/performance report generation takes much
time.
14. GIS Solution:
• GIS helps in monitoring the network efficiently.
• We can monitor growth & update capacity
accordingly to reduce the risk of help orders or
denial of services.
• It detects the fault & its location which reduces
technician costly revisits.
• Response time is very less for network recovery.
• Back up could be taken using Web GIS.
• GIS helps in location tracking & routing which gives
facility of emergency response (e.g. 911 emergency
call).
15. Optimal Use of Resources
• Its hard to find out whether the resources are used
optimally.
• Lots of hard work is required, still optimized
efficiency is not achieved.
• Time consuming.
• Field visit required again & again.
GIS Solution:
• Through GIS, we can find out the utilization level of
existing resources and make better plan.
• New hardware could be planted on the best location
where its use will be optimal.
16. Handling Customer Problem
• Service disruptions frustrate affected customers,
especially with the repeated occurrences.
• Without customer history it is hard to find out the
root cause of the problems.
• Field technician have to make more return visits.
• More time is required to resolve customers problem.
• It is a big problem to find out why customers are
disconnecting & which area is more affected.
17. GIS Solution:
• Service Technician can use GIS technology to generate
repeat trouble reports that display the service history of
each customer & help to identify the root cause of
problems.
• Customers will get their service problems resolved in a
timely manner, and we can reduce costly return visits
from field technicians.
• Evaluating connect/disconnect activity in each area
allows us to identify the affected area & we can
implement target retention program.
Network schematics produced from
the GIS database help us
quickly diagnose repeat trouble spots.
18. Problem in Decision Making
• Without knowing all the parameters, we can’t make
decision.
• Need to make all parameters on a single map, like
road map, settlement map, ground water map, etc.
GIS Solution:
• All layers could be overlay together to take decision
like where to install the towers, what will be the
efficient path for fiber optics cable, etc.
20. Background
• Vastrapur exchange area lies to extreme west in
Ahmedabad Telephone Exchange area.
• At the study time, Vastrapur telephone exchange
give service to more than 20,000 subscribers.
• Two main distribution frames (MDF) are situated at
Vastrapur telephone exchange.
• About 22 pairs of leading-in (LI) cables each having
different capacities are laid down from MDF.
21. TEIPS - Objective
• Better handling of map and attribute data & faster
updating of spatial information.
• Estimate length & direction of cable network from one
point to another point for existing network.
• Draw the route of given Lead-in cable & the associated
pillars on the map.
• Optimize cable network along the roads & estimate the
length of cable to be laid down.
• Suggest new locations for erection of new pillars.
• Generate fault/performance report for lead-in cables,
pillars & distribution points.
• Indicate no. of working tags, waiting tags & percentage
of filled tags in the pillars time to time.
22. Database organization
• Spatial & non-spatial component
• Spatial component includes coverages like road, the
locality map depicting the major localities of
Vastrapur.
• Non-spatial component includes subscriber’s list
(which includes detail of name, address, the
associated pillar & the distribution point & its
address in MDF), pillar utilization data time to time,
primary cable data with details on size, weight, tags,
etc.
23. Methodology
• Maps are available at 1:8000 scale.
• These maps were digitized, corrected & topology
built where required.
• A cable network model & road network model was
developed in GIS environment for optimal planning
of cables.
• Main modules used from Arc/Info are ARCEDIT,
ARCPLOT which includes NETWORK module.
24. Telephone Exchange Information
& Planning System
• The customized package TEIPS was developed using
Arc/Info’s macro language (AML) for the GIS related
operations & Visual C++ for developing the user’s interface.
• The reason of developing front end in Visual C++ is its
reusability even if GIS is replaced by other GIS.
• The software design follows a modular approach. The
modules are as follow:
Create/Edit
The module allows for creation of spatial & non-spatial data.
The users are allowed to:
• Create master map, pillar location map, locality map,
road map using a digitizer or a mouse.
• Edit already existing map.
• Import option if map is created elsewhere or scanned map
25. • Altering the structure of non-spatial table.
• Creation & Deletion of non-spatial table.
• Topology creation of the coverages.
• Importing a non-spatial table from dbase format.
Network Module:
• Create a network for entire map features.
• Updating of already available map.
• Delete a network route.
• Create bifurcating routes.
Information Generation/Presentation:
• Used for running queries.
• Active Date: Gives the pillar status in the telephone
exchange on the basis of active date selected. Pillar status
gives details of total tags available, working tags, waiting
tags, utilized tags percentage filled tags etc.
26. • Generate network/route information based on
1. Telephone no.
2. Pillar no.
3. Interactive Pointing
• Save
• Report
• Print
27. Conclusion
• The conceptual framework has been worked out,
implemented and is being demonstrated for the
Vastrapur area.
• This is a general case and in fact could be adopted to
any telephone exchange where the cabling is
terrestrial.
