Contemporary Nursing Practice The field of nursing has changed.docx

Contemporary Nursing Practice
The field of nursing has changed over time. In a 750‐1,000 word
paper, discuss nursing practice today by addressing the
following:
1. Explain how nursing practice has changed over time and how
this evolution has changed the scope of practice and the
approach to treating the individual.
2. Compare and contrast the differentiated practice
competencies between an associate and baccalaureate education
in nursing. Explain how scope of practice changes between an
associate and baccalaureate nurse.
3. Identify a patient care situation and describe how nursing
care, or approaches to decision‐making, differ between the
BSN‐prepared nurse and the ADN nurse.
4. Discuss the significance of applying evidence‐based practice
to nursing care and explain how the academic preparation of the
RN‐BSN nurse supports its application.
5. Discuss how nurses today communicate and collaborate with
interdisciplinary teams and how this supports safer and more
effective patient outcomes.
Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the
APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An
abstract is not required.
This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to
beginning the assignment to become familiar with the
expectations for successful completion.
You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.
Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.
Dynamics in Nursing: Art and Science of Professional Practice

Read Chapter 3 in Dynamics in Nursing: Art and Science of
Professional Practice.
URL:
https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-
university/2018/dynamics-in-nursing_art-and-science-of-
professional-practice_1e.php
Creating a More Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce
Read "Creating a More Highly Qualified Nursing Workforce,"
by Rosseter (2015), located on the American Association of
Colleges of Nursing (AACN) website.
URL:
http://www.aacnnursing.org/News-Information/Fact-
Sheets/Nursing-Workforce
The Impact of Education on Nursing Practice
Read "The Impact of Education on Nursing Practice," by
Rosseter (2017), located on the American Association of
Colleges of Nursing (AACN) website.
URL:
http://www.aacnnursing.org/News-Information/Fact-
Sheets/Impact-of-Education
Scope of Practice
Read "Scope of Practice," located on the American Nurses
Association (ANA) website.
URL:
https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/scope-of-practice/
Initial Course Survey

In an effort for continuous improvement, Grand Canyon
University would like you to take this opportunity to provide
feedback about your experience with the university. Your
participation is appreciated.
URL:
http://survey.gcu.edu/initial_course_survey/initial_course_surve
y.htm?q0.a=
What Is Nursing?
Read "What is Nursing," located on the American Nurses
Association (ANA) website.
URL:
https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/workforce/what-
is-nursing/
This week you learned about compatible land uses, based on
airport noise levels. Your assignment this week is to assess the
hypothetical noise contour map (in the PDF provided) and
evaluate the suitability of 10 selected land uses based on their
location and exposure to noise. Each land use is identified by a
numbered yellow star that corresponds to the land use list below
(see slide 2). Your completed assignment should answer the
following for each:
· Is this land usage compatible with the airport noise level
indicated, based on the Land Use Compatibility Chart? Why or
why not?
· Can the property be modified to meet land use requirements?
(See Land Use Compatibility Chart, Slide 2 notes, as

appropriate)
· Submit your answers to this drop box.
· In addition, please write a short paragraph that outlines the
strategy YOU would take to mitigate the presented noise
problems at the hypothetical Lakeland Airport used in the
assignment. Describe your strategy and justify your rationale
Aircraft Noise Mitigation
Ryan Wallace, Ed.D.
Overview
• FAA Approved Methods for Noise Measurement
• Noise Contour Mapping
• Airport Project Noise Analysis Requirements
• Primary & Alternative Noise Screening Tools
• Government Strategies to Prevent New Non-
Compatible Developments
• Airport Operator Noise Control Options
• Matrix of Noise Control Actions
• Land Use Compatibility Chart

FAA Approved Methods for
Measuring Noise
• Yearly Day-Night Average
Sound Level (DNL)
– Average aircraft sound
levels at a location over a
24-hour period
– Add 10 dB adjustment to
noise occurring between 10
PM-7AM due to increased
sensitivity
• Community Noise
Equivalent Level (CNEL)
– Alternative to DNL scale
approved for FAA projects
in California
– Adds additional 4.77 dB to
noise events occurring
between 7 PM-10 PM
Noise Contour Map (KLAL)

Noise Contour Map (KOAK)
When is a Noise Analysis
Required?
• No noise analysis is needed for the
following projects:
• Project involving
– Design group I & II aircraft (wingspan
<79 ft)
– Approach categories A-D (landing
speed < 166 kts)
– Operating at airports where NEPA
forecasts do not exceed
• 90,000 annual propeller operations or
• 700 annual jet operations
– Results in a
• DNL 65 db counter <0.5 mi2 extending
no more than 10,000 ft
• DNL 60 dB contour < 1.1 mi2 extending
no more than 12,000 ft
• Project involving
– Helicopters including Sikorsky S-70 or

max gross weight of 20,224 lbs or less
– Heliports or airports where NEPA
forecasts do not exceed an average of
10 daily helicopter operations
– Average operations with hover times do
not exceed 2 minutes
– Results in a
• DNL 65 dB contour of < 0.1 mi2
extending no more than 1,000 ft
Primary FAA Noise Screening Tools
• Area Equivalent Method
(AEM)
– Mathematical procedure for
estimating noise contour
area
– Suitable for evaluating
airport projects involving:
• General overall increase
in operations, or
larger/noisier aircraft
• No changes in ground
tracks or flight profiles

– If AEM indicates
• <17% increase (about
DNL 1 dB) in DNL 65 dB
contour area, no further
noise analysis required
• >17% in DNL 65 dB
contour area, then
Aviation Environmental
Design Tool must be used
Primary FAA Noise Screening Tools
• Aviation Environmental
Design Tool (AEDT)
– Computer modeling tool to
assess aircraft
performance, with
emphasis on
• Fuel consumption
• Emissions
• Noise
• Air Quality

– Identifies noise level
changes at various
intervals
• DNL 65 dB+: ± 1.5 dB
• DNL 60-64 dB: ± 3 dB
• DNL 45-59 dB: ± 5 dB
Alternative Noise Screening Tools
• NOISIEMAP (DOD)
– Models noise exposure in
vicinity of military air bases
due to aircraft flight & engine
run-up activities
– Used when study consists
predominantly of military
operations
• Military Operating Area &
Range Noise Model
(MR_NMAP)
– Models noise levels from
subsonic aircraft
– Military Training Routes
(MTR), Military Operating

Areas (MOA), & Special Use
Airspace
• PCBOOM
– Models location & magnitude
of sonic boom on ground due
to supersonic flight & space
operations
Noise Control Challenges
• Managing airport
noise can be
challenging because
– Airports are
responsible for noise
mitigation, even
though aircraft
operators are the
producers of noise
– State & local
governments control
zoning restrictions,
which in turn dictates
land use around
airports
Government Strategies to Prevent New

Non-Compatible Developments
• Land use and development controls
are exercised by local governments,
not airport operator
• Primary methods
– Zoning: designating permitted uses
for parcels of land
• Land usage constraints
• Usually administrated by a legislative
body
• Zoning body not bound by previous
zoning restrictions
• Not retroactive
• Not all counties have zoning
authority (particularly in rural areas)
– Easement: Right for using property
of another without possessing it
• Generally obtained through
purchase, condemnation, or
dedication
– Transfer of Development Rights
(TDR)
• Landowners can sell development
rights from non-noise compatible
land ni exchange for bonus

development rights on compatible
land
• Voluntary, incentive-based program
Acquisition of Impacted Land
• In some areas, there are few options
for noise control other than direct
acquisition by the airport or local
government entity
• Noise impacted land can be used for
public use
– Equipment maintenance, storage,
water/sewer works, floodways,
reservoirs, etc
• Airport or government agency
acquires land and resells with
– Easement:
• Right for using property of another
without possessing it
• Represents a real property interest
– Covenant:
• Promise made by a party to engage
or refrain from a conduct

• Covenants function like contracts
and are not binding on future owners
Airport Operator Options to Control
Noise
• Denial of use to aircraft not
meeting Federal Noise
Standards (14 CFR Parts 36 &
91)
• Capacity limits, based on noise
– Can have a detrimental
economic effects
– Restrictions based on
cumulative impact
• Limits aircraft types or
numbers, to not exceed a
designated noise threshold
– Restrictions based on
certificated noise levels
• Limitations based on aircraft
type noise certification level
– Restrictions based on single
event noise levels
• Similar strategy to certificated

restrictions, except applies to
individual aircraft
Noise
• Noise Abatement Takeoff
or Approach procedures
– Goal: achieve greatest
noise relief within
parameters of safety,
economics, & in
coordination with airport’s
compatible land use
strategies
– Runway selection
– Takeoff & landing profiles &
power settings
– Approach or departure
paths

Noise
• Landing fees based on noise
– Bases all or a portion of the landing fee
upon the noisiness of individual aircraft
– Should be based on single-event noise
ratings for aircraft (AC-36-3B)
– Alternatively, provide incentives or
discounts to landing fees for quiet aircraft
• Noise Barriers
– Use of sound barriers or shielding such as
berms, or “hush houses,” or strategic
building plans to block noise
– Generally effective against ground-based
noise such as aircraft run-up, maintenance,
cargo handling, etc
• Curfews
– Restrictions on some or all flights during
certain periods of day
– Restrictions generally based on noise
threshold or aircraft certificated noise level
– Usually employed to restrict operations
during noise sensitive periods (10 PM-7

AM)
– Costly method of noise control, since it
curtails economic development; generally
used as a last resort
Soundproofing
• Increasing the exterior to
interior sound transmission
losses of a building
– Identifying structural elements
providing transmission
pathways
– Applying modifications to
improve noise attenuation
• Common Soundproofing
Techniques (existing structure)
– Sealing existing leaks (5 dB)
– Retrofit of existing buildings
• Window replacement or
adding second layer of glass
• Upgrading doors & seals
• Acoustic baffling of vents
• Adding insulation to walls or

attic spaces
• Creating two-panel walls
• Eliminating windows
Soundproofing
• Common Soundproofing
Techniques (new structure)
– Brick or concrete masonry
walls
– Staggered studs
– Insulation & fiberboard under
interior & exterior finish
materials
– Attic space insulation
– Baffling vents
– No single-joint roof
construction (interior & exterior
materials attached to same
rafters)
– Avoid exposed rafter ceilings
– Installation of air conditioning
– Mortar free of pinholes

– Joints well-sealed
Matrix of Noise Control Actions
Land Use Compatibility Chart
Summary
• FAA Approved Methods for Noise Measurement
• Noise Contour Mapping
• Airport Project Noise Analysis Requirements
• Primary & Alternative Noise Screening Tools
• Government Strategies to Prevent New Non-
Compatible Developments
• Airport Operator Noise Control Options
• Matrix of Noise Control Actions
• Land Use Compatibility Chart

Advisory
U.S.Department
of Tlunsponation
Federal Aviation Circular
Adminirtrcrtiocr
NOISE CONTROL AND
COMPATIBILITY PLANNING
FOR AIRPORTS
AUGUST 5 , 1933
Advisory
U.S.Department
of Transportation CircularFederalAviotion
Administration
Subject: D a k 8/5/83 AC No: 150/5020-1
Initiated by: Change:
NOISE CONTROL AND COMPATIBILITY
PLANNING FOR AIRPORTS
1. PURPOSE. T h i s a d v i s o r y c i r c u l a r p r o v i d e s

g u i d a n c e f o r N o i s e C o n t r o l
a n d C o m p a t i b i l i t y P l a n n i n g f o r a i r p o r t s
u n d e r F e d e r a l A v i a t i o n R e g u l a t i o n
(FAR) P a r t 1 5 0 and t h e A v i a t i o n S a f e t y and N o
i s e Abatement Act of 1979
(ASNA) (P.L. 96-193). It i s i n t e n d e d f o r u s e by a i r
p o r t o p e r a t o r s ,
s t a t e l l o c a l p l a n n e r s and o t h e r o f f i c i a l s ,
and i n t e r e s t e d c i t i z e n s who may
e n g a g e i n n o i s e c o n t r o l p l a n n i n g . A i r p o r
t n o i s e c o m p a t i b i l i t y p l a n n i n g
h a s t h e g o a l s of r e d u c i n g e x i s t i n g n o n c o m
p a t i b l e l a n d u s e s a r o u n d
a i r p o r t s and o f p r e v e n t i n g t h e i n t r o d u c t i o
n of a d d i t i o n a l n o n c o m p a t i b l e
l a n d u s e s t h r o u g h t h e c o o p e r a t i v e e f f o r t
s of a l l t h o s e i n v o l v e d . The
P a r t 1 5 0 program i s v o l u n t a r y and a i r p o r t o p e
r a t o r s a r e e n c o u r a g e d t o
p a r t i c i p a t e .
2. BACKGROUND. FAR P a r t 150 i m p l e m e n t s p o r t i
o n s of T i t l e I o f t h e
A v i a t i o n S a f e t y a n d N o i s e Abatement Act of
1979. It e s t a b l i s h e s a s i n g l e-
s y s t e m f o r t h e measurement of a i r p o r t ( a n d b a c
k g r o u n d ) n o i s e , a s i n g l e
s y s t e m f o r d e t e r m i n i n g t h e e x p o s u r e of i n
d i v i d u a l s t o a i r p o r t n o i s e , a n d
a s t a n d a r d i z e d a i r p o r t n o i s e c o m p a t i b i l i t
y p l a n n i n g program. The
p l a n n i n g program i n c l u d e s ( 1 ) p r o v i s i o n f o r
t h e d e v e l o p m e n t and
s u b m i s s i o n t o the.FAA o f N o i s e E x p o s u r e
Maps and N o i s e C o m p a t i b i l i t y
Programs by a i r p o r t o p e r a t o r s ; ( 2 ) s t a n d a r d n

o i s e u n i t s , methods and
a n a l y t i c a l t e c h n i q u e s f o r u s e i n a i r p o r t a
s s e s s m e n t s ; ( 3 ) i d e n t i f i c a t i o n
o f l a n d u s e s w h i c h a r e n o r m a l l y c o n s i d e r
e d c o m p a t i b l e ( o r n o n c o m p a t i b l e )
w i t h v a r i o u s l e v e l s of n o i s e a r o u n d a i r p o r
t s ; and ( 4 ) p r o c e d u r e s and
c r i t e r i a f o r FAA a p p r o v a l o r d i s a p p r o v a l o
f n o i s e c o n p a t i b i l i t y programs
by t h e A d m i n i s t r a t o r . The program i n c l u d e s c o
n s i d e r a t i o n of a l t e r n a t i v e
n o i s e c o n t r o l t h a t m i g h t be employed a s w e l l
a s a p p r o p r i a t e l a n d u s e
-. .
p l a n n i n g s t r a t e g i e s . The g o a l o f t h e o v e r a
l l program i s f o r t h e a i r p o r t
p r o p r i e t o r , i n c o n s u l t a t i o n w i t h s t a t e / l o
c a l p l a n n e r s , l o c a l a v i a t i o n
g r o u p s and i n t e r e s t e d c i t i z e n s , t o d e v e l o p
a b a l a n c e d and c o s t - e f f e c t i v e
program t o m i n i m i z e a n d / o r m i t i g a t e t h e a i r
p o r t ' s n o i s e i m p a c t on l o c a l
c o m m u n i t i e s .
Page ii
CONTENTS
Page

CHAPTER 1. GENERAL.
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION.
1. P u r p o s e .
2. Background.
3 . B e n e f i t s o f N o i s e C o m p a t i b i l i t y P l a n n
i n g .
4. FAA I n f o r m a t i o n S o u r c e s .
5. D e f i n i t i o n s .
6.-19. Reserved.
SECTION 2. RELATIONSHIP TO OTHER ACTIONS.
A i r p o r t 14as t e r P l a n s .
ANCLUC S t u d i e s .
A i r I n s t a l l a t i o n C o m p a t i b l e Use Zones.
E n v i r o n m e n t a l A s s e s s m e n t s .
F e d e r a l A v i a t i o n R e g u l a t i o n s , P a r t 36.
OrlB A-95 N o t i f i c a t i o n and Review.
N a t i o n a l E n v i r o n m e n t a l P o l i c y Act.
29. R e s e r v e d . ~. ,
SECTION 3. OVERVIEW.
30. N o i s e - I t s Measurement and Assessment.

31. S e n s i t i v i t y of Land Uses t o Noise.
32. N o i s e Exposure Maps.
33. Noise C o m p a t i b i l i t y Programs.
34. , S u b m i s s i o n t o t h e FAA.
35. W i t h d r a w a l o r R e v i s i o n .
36. P e r i o d i c Review and Updating.
37.-199. R e s e r v e d .
CHAPTER 2. NOISE MEASUREtlENT AID ASSESSMENT.
SECTION 1. NOISE METRICS.
200. Sound.
201. D e c i b e l s .
202. Sound P r e s s u r e L e v e l s .
203. A-Weighted Sound P r e s s u r e L e v e l s .
204. Eleasurement System Response Time.
205 .-219. R e s e r v e d .
Page iii
-Page
SECTION 20 NOISE MEASUREMENTS. 1 2
220. Measuring S i n g l e A i r c r a f t E v e n t s . 1 2
221. A i r p o r t C u m u l a t i v e N o i s e E x p o s u r e L
e v e l s . 1 3
222. B a s i c Recommended N o i s e Measurement System. 1
3
223. V a l i d a t i o n o f Noise C o n t o u r s . 1 3

224. V a l i d a t i o n N o i s e Measurements vs. Micro-
Sample
Survey Measurements. 1 4
225. A i r c r a f t N o i s e E x p o s u r e P r e d i c t i o n R
e f i n e m e n t P r o c e d u r e . 1 5
226. C o n t i n u o u s A i r p o r t Noise M o n i t o r i n g
Systems. 1 5
227 .-229. Reserved. 1 7
SECTION 3. NOISE EXPOSURE PREDICTION AND ITS USE.
18
P r e d i c t i o n A n a l y s i s Tool. 1 8
I n t e g r a t e d N o i s e Model (INM), 18
I n p u t Requirements. 1 8
Accuracy. 1 9
Use of bleasurements i n R e f i n i n g / V a l i d a t i n g P r e
d i c t i o n s . 20
N o i s e C o m p a t i b i l i t y P r e d i c t i o n . 20
B a s i s f o r Noise C a m p a t i b i l i t y . 20
Land Use C o m p a t i b i l i t y T a b l e . 22
I n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f N o i s e Exposure Maps. 23 a n
d 24
Reserved. 23 and 24
CHAPTER 3. TOOLS OF AIRPORT NOISE COMPATIBILITY
PLANNING. 25
SECTION 1. ELEMENTS OF AIRPORT NOISE PLANNING. 25
300. G e n e r a l . 2 5
301. Noise C o m p a t i b i l i t y P l a n n i n g 2 5
302. Scope of t h e P l a n n i n g E f f o r t . 2.5
303. The C o n t e x t of A i r p o r t N o i s e P l a n s . 2 6
304. The O b j e c t i v e o f P a r t 1 5 0 P l a n n i n g . 26
305. Use of L o c a l o r S t a t e S t a n d a r d s . 26

306. Development of A l t e r n a t i v e s a n d I m p l e m e n
t a t i o n S t r a t e g i e s . 26
307 .-319. Reserved. 27 and 28
SECTION 2. AIRPORT PROPRIETOR OPTIONS. . 27 a n d
28
320. D e n i a l of Use t o A i r c r a f t Not Meeting
F e d e r a l Noise S t a n d a r d s . 27 a n d 28
321. C a p a c i t y L i m i t s Based on Noise. 27 a n d 28
322. Noise Abatement Takeoff o r Approach P r o c e d u r e s
. 30
323. Landing F e e s Based on Noise. 31
324. Noise B a r r i e r s ( S h i e l d i n g ) . 31
325. A c q u i s i t i o n of Land and I n t e r e s t T h e r e i n
. 3 1
326. Complete o r P a r t i a l Curfews. 32
327.-329. R e s e r v e d . 32
Page i v
SECTION 3 . sTATEILOCAL GOVEKNMENT OPTIONS
(Strategies to Prevent
New Noncompatible Development). 3 3
3 3 0 . nevelopnent Control.
3 3 1 . Zoning.
3 3 2 . Easements.
3 3 3 . Transfer of Development Rights (TDR).
3 3 4 . Purchase.
3 3 5 . - 3 3 9 . Reserved.
SECTION 4 . STATE~LOCALGOVERNMENT OPTIONS

(Actions to Reduce
Existing Noncompatible Uses) 3 6
3 4 0 . Remedial Actions. 36
3 4 1 . Encouragement of Existing Favorable Land Use Trends.
36
3 4 2 . Constructive Use of Planning and Zoning. 36
3 4 3 . Constructive Use of Public Capital Improvements
Projects. 37
3 4 4 . Purchase Assurance Programs. 37
3 4 5 . Soundproofing. 37
3 4 6 . Acquisition of Impacted Land. 38
3 4 7 . - 3 4 9 . Reserved. 39
SECTION 5 . CONSULTATIONS
3 5 0 . Consultations Under Part 150.
351. Reserved.
3 5 2 . Consultation with Aviation Groups.
3 5 3 . Public and Community Involvement.
3 5 4 . Documentation.
3 5 5 . - 3 5 9 . Reserved.
SECTION 6. ANALYSIS OF COST/BENEFITS AND
SELECTION OF
ALTERNATIVE
3 6 0 . General.
3 6 1 . Constraints' Upon Interstate and Foreign Commerce.
3 6 2 . Environmental Costs.
3 6 3 . Economic Costs.
3 6 4 . Social Costs. •
3 6 5 . Selection of an Alternative.
3 6 6 . Development of the Selected Alternative into a
Draft Compatibility Program.

3 6 7 . - 3 9 9 . Reserved.
APPENDIX 1. TABLE OF LAND USES NORIALLY
COMPATIBLE WITH
VARIOUS NOISE LEVELS.
APPENDIX 2. CHECKLISTS FOR NOISE EXPOSURE MAPS
AND NOISE
COMPATIBILITY PROGRAFIS.
APPENDIX 3 . RECOMMENDED BASIC NOISE
bEASUKEMENT SYSTEM.
APPENDIX 4 . BIBL;IOGRAPHY.
CHAPTER 1. GENERAL
SECTION 1. INTRODUCTION
1. PURPOSE. T h i s a d v i s o r y c i r c u l a r p r o v i d e s
g u i d a n c e f o r N o i s e C o n t r o l and
C o m p a t i b i l i t y P l a n n i n g f o r a i r p o r t s u n d e
r F e d e r a l A v i a t i o n R e g u l a t i o n (FAR).
P a r t 1 5 0 a n d t h e A v i a t i o n S a f e t y and N o i s e
Abatement Act o f 1979 (ASNA)as
amended. It i s i n t e n d e d f o r u s e by a i r p o r t o p e r
a t o r s , s t a t e / l o c a l p l a n n e r s
a n d o t h e r o f f i c i a l s , and i n t e r e s t e d c i t i z e n
s who may engage i n n o i s e c o n t r o l
p l a n n i n g . A i r p o r t n o i s e c o m p a t i b i l i t y p l
a n n i n g h a s t h e g o a l s of r e d u c i n g
e x i s t i n g n o n c o m p a t i b l e l a n d u s e s a r o u n d

a i r p o r t s and o f p r e v e n t i n g t h e
i n t r o d u c t i o n o f a d d i t i o n a l n o n c o m p a t i b l
e l a n d u s e s t h r o u g h t h e c o o p e r a t i v e
e f f o r t s o f a l l t h o s e i n v o l v e d . The P a r t 1 5 0
program i s v o l u n t a r y and
a i r p o r t o p e r a t o r s are e n c o u r a g e d t o p a r t i c
i p a t e .
2 . BACKGROUND. T h e r e a r e e x i s t i n g a i r p o r t
n o i s e / l a n d u s e c o m p a t i b i l i t y
p r o b l e m s a t many a i r p o r t s i n t h e U n i t e d S t
a t e s . I n a d d i t i o n , t h e r e i s a
p o t e n t i a l f o r e x a c e r b a t i o n of t h e s e n o i s e
problems and t h e p o s s i b i l i t y of
p r o b l e m s a r i s i n g a t o t h e r a i r p o r t s as u r b a
n a r e a s and u s e of a i r t r a v e l
c o n t i n u e t o grow. Through c o o p e r a t i v e e f f o r t s
on b o t h t h e l o c a l and
n a t i o n a l l e v e l s , much h a s a l r e a d y b e e n a c c
o m p l i s h e d i n l i m i t i n g t h e g r o w t h
a n d s p r e a d o f n o i s e c o m p a t i b i l i t y p r o b l e
m s . A c t i o n s have i n c l u d e d l i m i t s
upon n o i s e e m i s s i o n s by new a i r c r a f t , p r o v i s
i o n s f o r t h e r e t i r e m e n t o r
r e t r o f i t w i t h q u i e t e r e n g i n e s of t h e n o i s i e
s t t r a n s p o r t a i r c r a f t , and a n
e n v i r o n m e n t a l r e v i e w p r o c e s s f o r a i r p o r t
d e v e l o p m e n t p r o j e c t s , Some of t h e
m a j o r r e m a i n i n g o b s t a c l e s f o r i m p l e m e n t
i n g s u c c e s s f u l n o i s e c o m p a t i b i l t y
programs a r o u n d a i r p o r t s have b e e n t h e need f o r
a s i n g l e s y s t e m f o r
m e a s u r i n g a i r p o r t n o i s e , a s i n g l e s y s t e m
f o r d e t e r m i n i n g t h e e x p o s u r e of
i n d i v i d u a l s t o a i r p o r t n o i s e , t h e i d e n t i f i
c a t i o n o f l a n d u s e s t h a t a r e

n o r m a l l y c o m p a t i b l e w i t h t h e v a r i o u s l e v
e l s of n o i s e a r o u n d a i r p o r t s , and a
p r o c e s s f o r s a f e t y and economic e v a l u a t i o n s o
f p r o p o s e d a c t i o n s . These
r e m a i n i n g m a j o r o b s t a c l e s have been a d d r e s
s e d by r e c e n t r e g u l a t o r y a c t i o n s *
d e t a i l e d below.
a. F e d e r a l A v i a t i o n R e g u l a t i o n (FAR) P a r t 1
5 0 i m p l e m e n t s p o r t i o n s of
T i t l e I o f t h e A v i a t i o n S a f e t y a n d Noise
Abatement Act, It s p e c i f i c a l l y
e s t a b l i s h e s a s i n g l e s y s t e m f o r t h e
measurement of a i r p o r t ( a n d b a c k g r o u n d )
n o i s e , a s i n g l e s y s t e m f o r d e t e r m i n i n g t h
e e x p o s u r e o f i n d i v i d u a l s t o
a i r p o r t n o i s e , and a s t a n d a r d i z e d a i r p o r t n
o i s e c o m p a t i b i l i t y p l a n n i n g
program. The p l a n n i n g program i n c l u d e s ( 1 ) p r o v
i s i o n f o r t h e d e v e l o p m e n t
and s u b m i s s i o n t o t h e FAA o f N o i s e E x p o s u r
e Maps and Noise C o m p a t i b i l i t y
Programs by a i r p o r t o p e r a t o r s ; ( 2 ) s t a n d a r d n
o i s e u n i t s , methods and
a n a l y t i c a 1 , t e c h n i q u e s f o r u s e i n a i r p o r t
a s s e s s m e n t s ; ( 3 ) i d e n t i f i c a t i o n o f
l a n d u s e s t h a t a r e n o r m a l l y c o m p a t i b l e ( o
r n o n c o m p a t i b l e ) w i t h v a r i o u s
l e v e l s o f n o i s e a r o u n d a i r p o r t s ; and ( 4 ) p r
o c e d u r e s and c r i t e r i a f o r FAA
a p p r o v a l o r d i s a p p r o v a l of n o i s e c o n p a t i b
i l i t y programs by t h e , -
A d m i n i s t r a t o r .
Chap 1
P a r 1 Page 1

b. The A i r p o r t N o i s e C o m p a t i b i l i t y P l a n n i n
g P r o g r a n i n c l u d e s l a n d u s e
p l a n n i n g a n d i n p l e n e n t a t i o n p r o g r a m s n e
c e s s a r y t o c a r r y o u t t h e ASNA A c t ,
The A c t d o e s n o t i n a n y way, h o w e v e r , i n t e r f
e r e w i t h e s t a b l i s h e d
p r e r o g a t i v e s o f S t a t e and l o c a l g o v e r n m e n
t s c o n c e r n i n g l a n d u s e and r e l a t e d
n o i s e c o m p a t i b i l i t y a c t i o n s and r e s p o n s i b
i l i t i e s . A c c o r d i n g l y , a p p r o v a l s
a n d d i s a p p r o v a l s o f p r o g r a m s s u b m i t t e d t
o t h e FAA u n d e r P a r t 1 5 0 do n o t
c o n s t i t u t e a F e d e r a l d e t e r m i n a t i o n t h a t t
h e u s e of l a n d c o v e r e d by t h e
p r o g r a m i s a c c e p t a b l e o r u n a c c e p t a b l e u n
d e r F e d e r a l , S t a t e , o r l o c a l l a w .
The r e s p o n s i b i l i t y f o r d e t e r m i n i n g t h e a c c
e p t a b l e and p e r m i s s i b l e l a n d u s e s
r e m a i n s w i t h t h e l o c a l a u t h o r i t i e s .
BENEFITS OF NOISE COFIPATIBILITY PLMNING -
PROGRAMMING UNDER PART 150.
a. N o i s e i s o n e o f t h e g r e a t e s t t h r e a t s t o a
v i a t i o n t o d a y . P r o j e c t e d
g r o w t h i n d e a a n d f o r a i r t r a v e l means t h a t
we . w i l l h a v e l a r g e r a i r c r a f t and
m o r e o p e r a t i o n s i n t h e f u t u r e . Ttie i n c r e a s
e i n a i r c a r r i e r t r a f f i c a t l a r g e
a i r p o r t s w i l l g e n e r a t e more a i r c a r r i e r t r a f
f i c a t f e e d e r a i r p o r t s and more
t r a f f i c by s o p h i s t i c a t e d g e n e r a l s v i a t i o n
a i r c r a f t a t t h e s e and many g e n e r a l

a v i a t i o n a i r p o r t s .
b . The c o s t s o f n o s t f o r m s of n o i s 2 n i t i g a t i
o n a r e r a p i d l y i n c r e a s i n g .
T h e s e i n c l u d e s o u n d p r o o f i n g , l a n d p u r c n
s s e s , r e l o c a t i o n s , l a n d u s e c h a n g e s ,
b y - p a s s i n g o f i n p a c t e d l a n d , a n d c o n s t r u
c t i o n of a l t e r n a t i v s a v i a t i o n
f a c i l i t i e s . P e o p l e ' s p e r c e p t i o n s o f what is
a n a c c e p t a b l e l e v e l o f u r b a n
n o i s e is b e c o n i n g more c r i t i c a l w h i l e t h e i r
o p p o r t u n i t y t o v o l n n t a r i l y move
away f r o m s u c h n o i s e i s becoming n o r e l i m i t e d
. .411 of t h e s e a r e r e s u l t i n g
i n s t r o n g p r e s s u r e s upon a i r p o r t o p e r a t o r s
t o i m p o s e o p e r a t i o n a l
c o n s t r a i n t s , c u r f e w s , g r o w t h l i m i t a t i o n s
, and o t h e r s e v e r e c o n s t r a i n t s upon
t h e i r a i r p o r t s as e a s y , " o n e - s h o t " s o l u t i o
n s t o t h e n o i s e p r o b l e n ? .
c . R e l i e f o f t h e s e p r e s s u r e s on t h e a i r p o r t
o p e r a t o r s and t h e
p r e s e r v a t i o n o f a n a t i o n a l s y s t e m of a i r p o
r t s r e q u i r e s t h a t a v i a t i o n become
a s c o m p a t i b l e a s p o s s i b l e w i t h i t s n e i g h c
o r s . T h i s r e q u i r e s t h a t t h e
a i r p o r t o p e r a t o r s work much more c l o s e l y w i t h
l o c a l j u r i s d i c t i o n s t h a n h a s
b e e n g e n e r a l l y f e a s i b l e i n t h e p a s t , s i n c e
t h e y c o n t r o l m o s t of t h e v i a b l e
non a v i a t i o n - c o n s t r a i n i n g n o i s e m i t i g a t i o
n m e a s u r e s .
d . The P a r t 1 5 0 f i r p o r t N o i s e C o n p a t i b i l i t
y P l a n n i n g P r o g r a m o f f e r s a n

i d e a l v e h i c l e f o r n o i s e p l a n n i n g and i m p l e
m e n t a t i o n i n t h i s c o n t e m p o r a r y
c o n t e x t . It i n c l u d e s :
( 1 ) A b a l a n c e d a p p r o a c h p r o d u c i n g r e a l i s
t i c a n d p r a c t i c a l s o l u t i o n s
f a i r t o b o t h a v i a t i o n and non a v i a t i o n i n t e r
e s t s .
( 2 ) P o s i t i v e FAA t e c h n i c a l g u s d a n c e ~ h r o
u g h r e g i o n a l and a i r p o r t s
d i s t r i c t o f f i c e s .
( 3 ) F e d e r a l l y i d e n t i f i e d l a n d u s e s w h i c h
a r e n o r n a . 1 1 ~ c o n p a t i b l e
w i t h v a r i o t i s e x p o s u r e s o f i n d i v i d u a l s t o
n o i s e .
( 4 ) Consultations and i n t e r a c t i o n s b e t w e e n t h e
a i r p o r t o p e r a t o r ,
a i r p o r t u s e r s , a i r p o r t n e i g h b o r s , l o c a l l a
n d u s e c o n t r o l j u r i s d i c t i o n s , a n d
t h e FAA d e s i g n e d t o ;.:hieve b r o a d - b a s e d c o n
f i d e n c e i n and a c c e p t a n c e of t h e
p r o g r a m a n d t h e s u p p o r t e s s e n t i a i f o r i t s
i n p l e m e n t a t i o n o v e r t h e l o n g t e r m .
Chap 1
P a g e 2 P a r 2
( 5 ) R e c o g n i t i o n of f a c t o r s beyond t h e c o n t r o
l of t h e a i r p o r t
o p e r a t o r which s t r o n g l y i n f l u e n c e l o c a l l a
n d u s e d e c i s i o n s .

( 6 ) A v i a b l e framework f o r c o n d u c t i n g e f f i c i
e n t and c o n s t r u c t i v e
c o m p a t i b i l i t y programs which a c h i e v e l a r g e b e
n e f i t s i n n o i s e r e d u c t i o n f o r
t h e c o s t s i n a v i a t i o n .
( 7 ) Community and a i r p o r t o p e r a t o r d e c i s i o n s
t h a t are made from a
f u l l y informed p o s i t i o n i n o r d e r t o weigh t h e f
u l l c o s t s and b e n e f i t s of t h e
a l t e r n a t i v e s .
( 8 ) F e d e r a l f i n a n c i a l a s s i s t a n c e a v a i l a b l
e t o t h e a i r p o r t o p e r a t o r
u n d e r t h e A i r p o r t Improvement Program f o r n o i s
e c o m p a t i b i l i t y p l a n n i n g a n d
f o r i m p l e m e n t a t i o n of t h a t p l a n n i n g .
( 9 ) F e d e r a l f i n a n c i a l a s s i s t a n c e a l s o a v a
i l a b l e t o u n i t s of l o c a l
government i n t h e a r e a s u r r o u n d i n g t h e a i r p o
r t t o c a r r y o u t p r o j e c t s i n
a c c o r d a n c e w i t h FAA a p p r o v e d n o i s e c o m p
a t i b i l i t y programs.
( 1 0 ) C e r t a i n s a n c t i o n s a r e a v a i l a b l e u n d
e r S e c t i o n 107 of t h e ASNA
Act t o p r o t e c t t h e a i r p o r t o p e r a t o r from l a n
d owner n o i s e s u i t s .
e . No two a i r p o r t s i t u a t i o n s a r e a l i k e , and e a
c h w i l l l i k e l y r e q u i r e a
u n i q u e c o m b i n a t i o n of m i t i g a t i o n m e a s u r
e s t o a c h i e v e a n a c c e p t a b l e s o l u t i o n .
A t a g i v e n a i r p o r t , a f u l l r a n g e o f p o s s i b l

e s o l u t i o n s i s e x p l o r e d , t h e n t h e
b e s t c o m p o s i t i o n of s o l u t i o n s i s c h o s e n
and c a r e f u l l y weighed b e f o r e
s e t t l i n g upon a f i n a l p l a n . The o b j e c t i v e b e i
n g t o r e d u c e t h e n o i s e by t h e
most e f f i c i e n t way and t h e n b a l a n c e t h i s a g a i
n s t t h e p o s s i b l e n o n - a v i a t i o n
s o l u t i o n s . A b a l a n c e i s s o u g h t between r e a l i
s t i c e n v i r o n m e n t a l g o a l s a n d
t h e c o s t s t o t h e a v i a t i o n system. When t h e
proposed a v i a t i o n c o n s t r a i n t s
a r e s i g n i f i c a n t , t h e n t h e l o c a l n e e d s and b
e n e f i t s a r e weighed and b a l a n c e d
a g a i n s t t h e n e e d s and c o n c e r n s of t h e r e s t
of t h e n a t i o n .
4. FAA INFORMATION SOURCES. U s e r s of t h i s c i r c u
l a r a r e s t r o n g l y e n c o u r a g e d
t o c o n t a c t t h e i r FAA A i r p o r t s D i s t r i c t O f f
i c e o r t h e A i r p o r t s D i v i s i o n of
t h e i r FAA r e g i o n a l o f f i c e f o r a d d i t i o n a l i
n £ o r m a t i o n , g u i d a n c e , and
c o n s u l t a t i o n p r i o r t o s t a r t i n g a n A i r p o r t
N o i s e Exposure Map o r A i r p o r t
N o i s e C o m p a t i b i l i t y Program. These o f f i c e s a r
e a l s o prime s o u r c e s f o r
r e f e r e n c e m a t e r i a l s , s u c h as o t h e r a d v i s o
r y c i r c u l a r s and c i t i z e n
p a r t i c i p a t i o n manuals.
5. DEFINITIONS. A l l t e r n s used i n t h i s c i r c u l a r
which are a l s o used i n
P a r t 1 5 0 have t h e same meaning i n t h i s c i r c u l a r
as t h e y do i n t h a t P a r t .
a. A-Weighted Sound L e v e l (LA). The A-Weighted Sound L

e v e l i s sound
p r e s s u r e l e v e l which h a s b e e n f i l t e r e d o r w
e i g h t e d t o r e d u c e t h e i n f l u e n c e
bf t h e low and h i g h f r e q u e n c y n o i s e ( f o r m e r l
y - d ~ ~ ) . It was d e s i g n e d t o
a p p r o x i m a t e t h e r e s p o n s e of t h e human e a r t
o sound. ( S e e p a r a g r a p h 203)
b. Average Day-Night Sound L e v e l (Ld,). See Y e a r l y
Day-Night
Average Sound Level.
Chap 1
P a r 3 Page 3
c. Land Use. The p r e s e n t o r planned u t i l i z a t i o n of
a g i v e n p a r c e l of
l a n d . Such l a n d u s e s a r e n o r m a l l y i n d i c a t e
d o r d e l i n e a t e d on a l a n d u s e
map. Land u s e maps may i n d i c a t e u s a g e s f o r any g
i v e n t i m e p e r i o d p a s t ,
p r e s e n t , o r f u t u r e , and such p e r i o d s h o u l d
always be i n d i c a t e d . (See
p a r a g r a p h 237)
d. Zoning. An e x e r c i s e of t h e p o l i c e powers of t h e
S t a t e , a s d e l e g a t e d
t o l o c a l governments, d e s i g n a t i n g t h e u s e s p e r
m i t t e d on e a c h p a r c e l of l a n d
w i t h i n t h e zoning j u r i s d i c t i o n . (See p a r a g r a p
h 331)
e. Standard Land Use Coding Manual (SLUCM). A S t a n d a r
d System f o r

i d e n t i f y i n g and c o d i n g l a n d u s e a c t i v i t i e s
. P u b l i s h e d j o i n t l y i n 1965 by
Urban Renewal A d m i n i s t r a t i o n , Housing and Home
Finance Agency ( b o t h now
P a r t s of HUD) and t h e Bureau of P u b l i c Roads (now t
h e F e d e r a l Highway
A d m i n i s t r a t i o n ) . (See p a r a g r a p h 237)
f . Noise L e v e l Reduction (NLR). The amount of n o i s e l
e v e l r e d u c t i o n
a c h i e v e d t h r o u g h i n c o r p o r a t i o n of n o i s e a
t t e n u a t i o n (between o u t d o o r and
i n d o o r l e v e l s ) i n t h e d e s i g n and c o n s t r u c t
i o n of a s t r u c t u r e . (See
g. Noise Exposure Map. A s c a l e d , g e o g r a p h i c , d e p
i c t i o n of an a i r p o r t ,
i t s n o i s e c o n t o u r s , and s u r r o u n d i n g a r e a
developed i n a c c o r d a n c e w i t h
S e c t i o n A150.101 of Appendix A o f FAR P a r t 150, i n
c l u d i n g t h e accompanying
d o c u m e n t a t i o n s e t t i n g f o r t h t h e r e q u i r e d
d e s c r i p t i o n s of p r o j e c t e d a i r c r a f t
o p e r a t i o n s a t t h a t a i r p o r t d u r i n g 1985 and i f
s u b m i t t e d a f t e r 1982, d u r i n g
t h e f i f t h c a l e n d a r y e a r b e g i n n i n g a f t e r s
u b m i s s i o n of t h e map, t o g e t h e r w i t h
t h e ways, i f any t h o s e o p e r a t i o n s f o r each of t h
o s e y e a r s w i l l a f f e c t t h e
map ( i n c l u d i n g n o i s e c o n t o u r s and t h e f o r e c
a s t l a n d u s e s ) . See FAR P a r t 1 5 0
f o r l e g a l d e f i n i t i o n .
h. Noise Contour. A c o n t i n u o u s l i n e on a map of t h e
a i r p o r t v i c i n i t y

c o n n e c t i n g a l l p o i n t s of t h e same n o i s e e x p
o s u r e l e v e l ; f o r t h e purposes of
t h i s program u s i a l l y t h e Ldn 65, 70, and 75 l e v e l s .
i. A i r p o r t Noise C o m p a t i b i l i t y Program. That
program r e f l e c t e d i n
documents (and r e v i s e d documents) developed i n a c c o r
d a n c e w i t h Appendix B of
P a r t 150, i n c l u d i n g t h e measures proposed o r t a k e
n by t h e a i r p o r t o p e r a t o r
t o r e d u c e e x i s t i n g noncompatible l a n d u s e s and
t o p r e v e n t t h e i n t r o d u c t i o n
o f a d d i t i o n a l noncompatible l a n d uses w i t h i n t h
e a r e a . See FAA P a r t 150 f o r
l e g a l d e f i n i t i o n .
j. NEPA. Acronym f o r t h e N a t i o n a l Environmental P o
l i c y Act of 1969.
( S e e p a r a g r a p h 26)
k. Curfew. A r e s t r i c t i o n p l a c e d upon a l l o r c e r t
a i n c l a s s e s of
a i r c r a f t by time of day f o r t h e p u r p o s e s of r e d u
c i n g o r c o n t r o l l i n g a i r p o r t
n o i s e . (See p a r a g r a p h 326)
Chap 1
Page 4 P a r 5
1. Easement. The l e g a l r i g h t of one p a r t y t o use a p
o r t i o n of t h e
t o t a l r i g h t s i n r e a l e s t a t e owned by a n o t h e r
p a r t y . This may i n c l u d e t h e '
r i g h t of p a s s a g e o v e r , on, o r below t h e p r o p e r

t y ; c e r t a i n a i r r i g h t s above
t h e p r o p e r t y , i n c l u d i n g view r i g h t s ; and t h e
r i g h t s t o any s p e c i f i e d form of
development o r a c t i v i t y , a s w e l l a s any o t h e r l e
g a l r i g h t s i n t h e p r o p e r t y
t h a t may be s p e c i f i e d i n t h e easement document.
(See p a r a g r a p h 332)
m. O f f i c e o f Management and Budget C i r c u l a r No.
A-95. A r e g u l a t i o n
r e q u i r i n g c o o r d i n a t i o n of F e d e r a l and f e d e
r a l l y a s s i s t e d programs and
p r o j e c t s w i t h e a c h o t h e r and w i t h S t a t e , a r
e a w i d e , and l o c a l p l a n s and
programs, u t i l i z i n g a s e r i e s of s t a t e and r e g i o n
a l c l e a r i n g h o u s e s . ( S e e
n. F e d e r a l A v i a t i o n R e g u l a t i o n (FAR) P a r t
36. A r e g u l a t i o n
e s t a b l i s h i n g n o i s e c e r t i f i c a t i o n s t a n d a r
d s f o r a i r c r a f t . (See p a r a g r a p h 24)
o. A v i a t i o n Noise Abatement P o l i c y (ANAP). P o l i c
y adopted j o i n t l y by
t h e S e c r e t a r y of T r a n s p o r t a t i o n and t h e
FAA, on November 1 8 , 1976,
d e l i n e a t i n g t h e r e s p o n s i b i l i t i e s of FAA, a i
r c a r r i e r s , a i r p o r t o p e r a t o r s ,
and l o c a l communities i n a c h i e v i n g r e d u c t i o n s
i n a i r p o r t …
Land Use Compatibility Chart

Lakeland Airport Noise Exercise
1. Central Florida Aerospace Academy (School)
2. Polk State College Airside Campus (School)
3. Church of Christ Dunedin
4. Sanctuary Church
5. Land South Realty
6. Eagle Engine Sales
7. Mid Florida Nursery (Agriculture, non-livestock)
8. Epic Premier Insurance
9. Curry Controls (Manufacturing)
10. Army National Guard Recruiting
1
2
3
4
5
6

7
8
9
10
Legend
DNL 75 dB ▬
DNL 70 dB ▬
DNL 65 dB ▬

Contemporary Nursing Practice The field of nursing has changed.docx

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

Similar to Contemporary Nursing Practice The field of nursing has changed.docx

Similar to Contemporary Nursing Practice The field of nursing has changed.docx (20)

More from aidaclewer

More from aidaclewer (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Contemporary Nursing Practice The field of nursing has changed.docx