Running Head: WASTEWATER TREATMENT WASTEWATER TREATMENT 2 FEEDBACK FROM INSTRUCTOR: You need to include the whole thing from the Unit I.   Also you need to pay attention to how to write pH. Wastewater treatment The two most used processes of water purification are the chemical and the biological processes. However, most of the purification methods that lie under the chemical and the biological means purify water only to about 95%. There is therefore a need to come up with a way to make the water totally clean and safe for use. This is where comes in flocculation, sedimentation and coagulation. Coagulation is the process of compacting diffused impurities to form solid or semi solid lumps that can be filtered out of a solvent. The process mostly leads to a suspension being formed. Sedimentation process is the process where a solid is formed at the base of a liquid after separation with a liquid. Most of the time, settling the wastewater that was getting treated forms sediments. Flocculation is a process focused on removal of the suspension. First, the PH of the wastewater needs to be established. This is done using a PH scale that ranges from zero to fourteen. If the Ph is less than seven, a basic solution needs to be added to the water to achieve a PH of seven. If has PH greater than seven, an acidic solution needs to be added to bring PH down to seven. The reactions that occur form salt and water, where the salt will be the metal precipitate. Most of the flocculation processes that are done first by water are agitation or the addition of the flocculation agent. The use of the water has to be considered carefully before flocculation. Some of the flocculation agents added are toxic and are used for water that is not for human consumption but other industrial use. They have to be used based on the particles to be removed in the wastewater. Secondary clarifiers should have an energy dissipater inlet to avoid disturbance of the elaborate sedimentation. Sludge withdrawal system is important to keep the clarifier as less clogged as possible and finally have a full surface skimmer. Assignment 2: Concepts and Web Exercise Due: 17th Dec 2016 (Week 12) (or as instructed by your local lecturer) Length: 1500 words Weighting: 30% Answer the following questions: 1) Provide examples of how real world multinational corporations (MNC) reduce their translation, transaction and economic exposures. (6 marks) 2) Explain the difference between foreign direct investment (FDI) and portfolio investment (PI). (4 marks) Collect the required the data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) website and answer the following questions: 3) List the ten largest countries by value of investment that invested in Australian in the years 2011 and 2014. You need to provide the list of countries as well as the amount of FDI invested in AUD. (5 marks) 4) What factors do you think account for these countries investing large amounts of FDI in A.

1. Running Head: WASTEWATER TREATMENT
WASTEWATER TREATMENT 2
FEEDBACK FROM INSTRUCTOR:
You need to include the whole thing from the Unit I.
Also you need to pay attention to how to write pH.
Wastewater treatment
The two most used processes of water purification are the
chemical and the biological processes. However, most of the
purification methods that lie under the chemical and the
biological means purify water only to about 95%. There is
therefore a need to come up with a way to make the water
totally clean and safe for use. This is where comes in
flocculation, sedimentation and coagulation.
Coagulation is the process of compacting diffused impurities to
form solid or semi solid lumps that can be filtered out of a

2. solvent. The process mostly leads to a suspension being formed.
Sedimentation process is the process where a solid is formed at
the base of a liquid after separation with a liquid. Most of the
time, settling the wastewater that was getting treated forms
sediments. Flocculation is a process focused on removal of the
suspension.
First, the PH of the wastewater needs to be established. This is
done using a PH scale that ranges from zero to fourteen. If the
Ph is less than seven, a basic solution needs to be added to the
water to achieve a PH of seven. If has PH greater than seven, an
acidic solution needs to be added to bring PH down to seven.
The reactions that occur form salt and water, where the salt will
be the metal precipitate.
Most of the flocculation processes that are done first by water
are agitation or the addition of the flocculation agent. The use
of the water has to be considered carefully before flocculation.
Some of the flocculation agents added are toxic and are used for
water that is not for human consumption but other industrial
use. They have to be used based on the particles to be removed
in the wastewater. Secondary clarifiers should have an energy
dissipater inlet to avoid disturbance of the elaborate
sedimentation. Sludge withdrawal system is important to keep
the clarifier as less clogged as possible and finally have a full
surface skimmer.
Assignment 2: Concepts and Web Exercise
Due: 17th Dec 2016 (Week 12) (or as instructed by your local
lecturer)
Length: 1500 words
Weighting: 30%
Answer the following questions:
1) Provide examples of how real world multinational
corporations (MNC) reduce their translation, transaction and

3. economic exposures. (6 marks)
2) Explain the difference between foreign direct investment
(FDI) and portfolio investment (PI). (4 marks)
Collect the required the data from the Bureau of Economic
Analysis (BEA) website and answer the following questions:
3) List the ten largest countries by value of investment that
invested in Australian in the years 2011 and 2014. You need to
provide the list of countries as well as the amount of FDI
invested in AUD. (5 marks)
4) What factors do you think account for these countries
investing large amounts of FDI in Australia? (5 marks)
5) Have the list of investing countries changed over the
concerned period? What might account for these changes? (5
marks)
6) Do you expect a change to the 2013 list over the next 5
years? Explain. (5 marks)
This assignment is intended to test your knowledge of theories
of exchange rates, parity conditions in international financial
markets, the balance of payments and derivative markets. The
assignment consists of four separate parts.
The assignment is expected to be of standard quality with
respect to spelling, grammar, punctuation, etc. Assignment
submitted must be written in your own words and it must be
your own work. It should not exceed 1500 words. Severe
penalties apply for assignments, which exceed the word limit.
The word count excludes references, tables and figures. If the
assignment exceeds the word limit, then the following mark
deductions will be applied. Please note that the word limits are
strictly enforced.

4. Excess length and penalty
Up to 5% - No deduction
More than 5% - less than15% - 2 marks
More than 15% - less than 30% - 3 marks
More than 30% - Assignment will not be marked and graded as
zero
Marking Criteria
Your work will be assessed against the following criteria.
Demonstrated understanding of the concepts – 50%
Use of graphs, tables or mathematics for supporting your
answers – 30%
Presentation, coherency, structure, etc. including referencing
accuracy – 20%
Assignment 2: Concepts and Web Exercise
Due:
17
th
Dec
2016 (Week 12) (or as instructed by your local lecturer)
Length: 1500 words
Weighting: 30%
Answer the following questions:

5. 1)
Provide examples of how real world multinational corporations
(MNC) reduce their
translation, transaction and economic exposures. (6 marks)
2)
Explain the difference between foreign direct investment (FDI)
and portfolio investment (PI).
(4 marks)
Colle
ct the required the data from the Bureau of Economic Analysis
(BEA) website and
answer the following questions:
3)
List the ten largest countries by value of investment that
invested in Australian in the years
2011 and 2014. You need to provide the list
of countries as well as the amount of FDI invested
in AUD. (5 marks)
4)
What factors do you think account for these countries investing
large amounts of FDI in
Australia? (5 marks)

6. 5)
Have the list of investing countries changed over the concerned
period
? What might account
for these changes? (5 marks)
6)
Do you expect a change to the 2013 list over the next 5 years?
Explain. (5 marks)
This assignment is intended to test your knowledge of theories
of exchange rates, parity
conditions in international fi
nancial markets, the balance of payments and derivative
markets.
The assignment consists of four separate parts.
The assignment is expected to be of standard quality with
respect to spelling, grammar,
punctuation, etc. Assignment submitted must be written
in your own words and it must be your
own work. It should not exceed 1500 words. Severe penalties
apply for assignments, which
exceed the word limit. The word count excludes references,
tables and figures. If the
assignment exceeds the word limit, then th
e following mark deductions will be applied. Please
note that the word limits are strictly enforced.

7. Running Head: MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS 2
FEEDBACK FROM INSTRUCTOR:
This is continuation from the Unit I, so you need to include
writing from the previous write-up.
You need to include ROI and express your intension to provide
physical, chemical, biological treatments and general sewage
treatment techniques and solid waste treatment.
Treatment of wastes involves the physical, biological and
chemical treatment techniques, which is often expensive. Just
from our budget, we will be certain that treatment of waste is an
activity that requires financial resources and other
considerations such as staff management, various certifications
and licensing will be required to run a waste treatment plant.

8. (Bahadori, 2014). Certification and licensing is very crucial in
ensuring that treatment of wastes does not pose any kind of
health hazards to the surrounding communities or even the
workers.
Physical and chemical waste treatment will require a
number of operations and workers for it to be successful.
Wastes can be processed for material and energy recovery using
various unit operations and processes. The selection of the
appropriate unit of operation and systems will entirely depend
on the characteristics of the wastes to be processed and what
will be the recovered materials used for. Basically the treatment
of wastes is to reduce the toxic substances that might be
hazardous. In chemical treatment, more skilled personnel with
the valid qualifications in the various chemical fields will be
hired because chemical treatment will require more advanced
skills. The treatment processes will encompass employees from
all academic levels, those with low qualifications that will
handle most of the manual work and the experience individuals
who will supervise the entire process to ensure its success.
(Baijpai, 2014) In treatment of solid wastes, there is need to
obtain a valid license from the department involved in the
environmental management, of course the agency will have to
come and supervise the site of waste treatment and if they are
satisfied, they will issue a license to continue with the treatment
process, but if they are not satisfied they will have to withhold
the activity until compliance is achieved. Apart from licensing,
valid certifications from the waste and treatment division who
will come and check on the level of hazards available in the
wastes and thereafter issue appropriate certificates to continue
with the activity.
Running Head: Municipal Situation

9. FEEDBACK FROM INSTRUCTOR:
******You are supposed to report the current status of the
given scenario.********
With a need to manage wastes safely and effectively, the need
to assess the impacts of these wastes on human populations
ought to be carried out. The relationships that exist between the
industry and the industrial codes and waste classifications
should be done. It has been found that 70% of the wastes
especially hazardous are generated by the chemical industries
using approximately 20% of the primary metal industry codes
(Bahadori 2014).
In this regard, it is very important to understand the processes
that give rise to these hazardous effluents before embarking on
the treatment of such wastes. Environmental engineers ought to
understand the aspects of wastes that are given in an operation.
This implies that the fundamentals of the operations of the
chemistry and physics that are involved in an operation should
thoroughly e understood( Hickman 2003).
In essence, the processes of the majority of chemistry mostly
involved in waste treatments mainly occur within the matrices
of the effluents from the industry. In treatment process, it is
very important that one classify the wastes that are attributed to
recognizing and understanding the key attributes that are to be
considered industrial wastes and hazardous wastes. In addition
to this, one must recognize the difference between the
hazardous wastes and solid wastes that are generated by the
industry. Most importantly, the relevant laws and standards
should be considered so that the managing of these wastes can

10. be done legally and safely Bahadori 2014).
References
Bahadori, A. (2014). Waste management in the chemical and
petroleum industries. West Sussex, United Kingdom: Wiley.
Hickman, H. L. (2003). American alchemy: The history of solid
waste management in the United States.
Santa Barbara, CA: Forester Press.
MEE 5801, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Management 1
Course Learning Outcomes for Unit V
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
1. Assess the fundamental science and engineering principles
applicable to the management and
treatment of solid and hazardous wastes.
5. Evaluate operations and technologies related to industrial and
hazardous wastes.
5.1 Discuss the necessary design features of a secondary
settlement tank.
5.2 Discuss the necessary design features of a biological
filtration system.

11. Reading Assignment
Chapter 7:
Sewage Treatment
Unit Lesson
While we allow Bahadori (2014) to discuss sewage treatment
systems within the context of the required
reading for Unit V, we are going to spend a little time
considering one of the ancillary aspects of sewage
treatment involving hydrocarbon-laden liquid wastes. Bahadori
(2014) discusses some areas of this topic in
our suggested reading for this unit, but an overview of his
presentation may help us better because of some
often overlooked independent variables causally related to the
safety of an industrial and hazardous waste
treatment system.
One of the critical variables related to the safety of a treatment
system is the air quality surrounding the
processes, particularly when hydrocarbons are present in the
influent waste streams. As such, it is imperative
that we understand the relationship of solubility of certain
petroleum-related organic compounds and
hydrocarbons in water, as well as their relative emission rates
coming from the wastewater during the
processes.
By definition, a hydrocarbon is a compound containing only two
elements, carbon and hydrogen (Hill & Feigl,
1987). While we were likely able to decant and remove much of
the visible hydrocarbon and petroleum-

12. related organic compounds from the wastewater during the
physical treatment process of our system, the
lighter organic compounds (specifically the light alkanes
methane and ethane) may be persistent in the
wastewater (Bahadori, 2014). These alkanes are sometimes
called saturated hydrocarbons, due to the fact
that each carbon atom is bonded with four hydrogen atoms with
no double or triple bonds (Hill & Feigl, 1987).
This is further complicated with the fact that these two
compounds typically have very low solubility in water,
and subsequently are emitted as gases in the process (Bahadori,
2014; Haas & Vamos, 1995). As such,
these compounds pose threats to the safety of the process work
environment, given that both methane and
ethane have relatively low flashpoints. For example, methane
(CH4) has a flashpoint of −368.6ºF and lower
explosive limit of 5.3%, and ethane (C2H6) has a flashpoint of
−202ºF and a lower explosive limit of 3.0%
(Lewis, 1991). One could only imagine the threat of spark in
this environment while operating the treatment
process. Consequently, it is important for us as engineers to
anticipate the aqueous solubility of these
saturated hydrocarbons in the wastewater as a means of
forecasting the emissions from the process.
Bahadori (2014) presents his previous work to demonstrate
calculated coefficients that can be used to
correlate the mole fractions of individual components of a
hydrocarbon-laden solution and subsequently
reduced partial pressure of the solution. The tabulated
coefficients are presented for both methane and
ethane, with a follow-on formula for forecasting the
hydrocarbon-water solubility of these two alkanes, as well
UNIT V STUDY GUIDE

13. Designing Liquid Waste Management
Systems for Industrial and Hazardous
Waste
MEE 5801, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Management 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
as the rest of the continuous-chain alkane ranges of propane
(C3H8) through hexane (C6H14) and hexane
through decane (C10H22) (Bahadori, 2014; Hill & Feigl, 1987).
Finally, the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) can then be
anticipated in units of percent by weight for each
petroleum-related compound and subsequently correlated as a
ratio of DOC to chemical oxygen demand
(COD) or DOC/COD. As such, a predicted value for DOC
derived from the DOC/COD ratio (0.267) may be
calculated solely from the COD measurements (Bahadori,
2014). For example, if a petroleum-laden
wastewater has a COD value of 500 ppm, the anticipated
calculation for predicting DOC could be made as
follows (Bahadori, 2014):
DOC/COD = 0.267
Where DOC = X

14. COD = 500 ppm
then
X/500 ppm = 0.267 or X = 500 ppm (0.267)
so
X = 133.5 ppm
or
DOC = 133.5 ppm
Still, Bahadori (2014) presents additional tabulated information
derived from historical DOC concentration
measurements from refinery effluents for both organics and
inorganics traditionally found in those waste
streams. You may find this information useful in your own
engineering work for your industrial and hazardous
waste treatment system currently under design in this class.
Remember that the ultimate reason for predicting the DOC
concentrations in the wastewater is to mitigate
hazardous environmental conditions for both humans and the
ecological life surrounding and interacting with
the treatment process. As such, you may consider the relative
intrinsic safety of pumps, motors, mixers, and
other equipment that is designed into the process as part of the
system.

15. Let’s return to our interactive model and design in the
biological and secondary treatment phase of our
proposed industrial and hazardous waste treatment system.
1. Click here to access the interactive design model.
2. Closely review the influent laboratory report (lift station)
against the effluent laboratory report (pop up
report). Remember that the goal is to design our system so that
the final effluent concentrations meet
the established local limits for the municipal WWTP.
3. Continue to use this model in your design work for your
course project (proposed industrial and
hazardous waste treatment facility) again in this unit.
Notice that as you design the next-to-last phase of this system,
the process is noticeably dropping the
concentrations of the constituents of concern. Your process is
becoming more efficient with every design
phase of the system!
References
Bahadori, A. (2014). Waste management in the chemical and
petroleum industries. West Sussex, United
Kingdom: Wiley.
Haas, C., & Vamos, R. (1995). Hazardous and industrial waste

16. treatment. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-
Hall.
https://online.columbiasouthern.edu/CSU_Content/courses/Emer
gency_Services/MEE/MEE5801/15F/Unit%20V/story.html
MEE 5801, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Management 3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
Hill, F., & Feigl, D. (1987). Chemistry and life: An introduction
to general, organic, and biological chemistry.
New York, NY: MacMillan.
Lewis, R. (1991). Hazardous chemicals desk reference (2nd
ed.). New York, NY: Van Norstrand
Reinhold.
Suggested Reading
The suggested reading from the textbook will give you
additional resources related to the content for this Unit.
Chapter 5:

17. Wastewater Treatment in Unconventional Oil and Gas Industries
Chapter 6:
Wastewater Sewer Systems
Unit V Project
As a continuation of our course project due in Unit VIII (a
proposal for an industrial and hazardous waste treatment
facility), complete the next (fifth) section (biological and
secondary treatment) of your proposal by following the
instructions carefully, and then submit your continued draft of
your proposal into Blackboard for grading.
Instructions:
1. Closely read the Required Reading assignment from Bahadori
(2014) and the Unit Lesson within the Study Guide.
2. Open your proposal draft from Unit III (ATTACHED)and
make any improvements to your draft using your professor’s
feedback from the Unit III project assignment.
3. Open the Unit V Study Guide, read the unit lesson, and then
work with the embedded interactive model to decide what
biological and secondary treatment equipment to include in your
treatment process design.
4. Continue from your Unit III Project and make your fifth level
one heading titled “Biological and Secondary Treatment.”
Describe the secondary treatment equipment that you
engineered into your treatment process. Be sure and describe
the relevance and anticipated reduction of related analytical
concentrations within your industrial and hazardous waste
treatment system as they correspond with each technology that

18. you selected.
You are required to describe the equipment selection in at least
one page