INSTRUCTIONS FOR HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT VIIIAs the final and complete step of our course project (a proposal for an industrial and hazardous waste treatment facility), complete the last (seventh) section (cake solids disposal) of your proposal by following the instructions carefully. Draft a one paragraph abstract (insert the abstract immediately following the title page), and then submit your final copy of your completed proposal into Blackboard for grading. Instructions: 1. Closely read the Required Reading assignment from Bahadori (2014) and the Unit Lesson within the Study Guide. 2. Open your proposal draft from Unit VI and make any improvements to your draft using your professor’s feedback from the Unit VI project assignment. 3. Open the Unit VIII Study Guide, read the unit lesson, strongly consider reading the article referenced in the suggested reading section, and then consider your filter cake disposal strategies available to you and your client. 4. Continue with your Unit VI Project and make your seventh level one heading titled “Cake Solids Disposal.” Describe the waste profiling process, the process of locating an appropriate site of final disposition for the filter cake, contracting with a landfill, and the paperwork associated with final disposal. You are required to describe the entire filter cake disposal process in at least one page. 5. Throughout the course you have continued to add pieces to the course project. After you have added the “Cake Solids Disposal” component to the project, review your project to be sure you have included all components from the course and incorporated feedback from the instructor. Along with the title page and reference list, create a one paragraph abstract following the title page that summarizes the entire project. ALL UNIT PROJECTS ARE ENCLOSED FEEDBACK FROM PROFESSOR FOR UNIT VI Unit VI Project Karen, Please add ROI in real numbers. Introduction-Unit VI With a need to manage wastes safely and effectively, the need to assess the impacts of these wastes on human populations ought to be carried out. The relationships that exist between the industry and the industrial codes and waste classifications should be done. It has been found that 70% of the wastes especially hazardous are generated by the chemical industries using approximately 20% of the primary metal industry codes (Bahadori 2014). In this regard, it is very important to understand the processes that give rise to these hazardous effluents before embarking on the treatment of such wastes. Environmental engineers ought to understand the aspects of wastes that are given in an operation. This implies that the fundamentals of the operations of the chemistry and physics that are involved in an operation should thoroughly e understood (Hickman 2003). In essence, the processes of the majority of chemistry mostly involved in waste treatments mainly occur within the matrices of the effluents from the industry. In treatment process, it is v.

1. INSTRUCTIONS FOR HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT VIIIAs the
final and complete step of our course project (a proposal for an
industrial and hazardous waste treatment facility), complete the
last (seventh) section (cake solids disposal) of your proposal by
following the instructions carefully. Draft a one paragraph
abstract (insert the abstract immediately following the title
page), and then submit your final copy of your completed
proposal into Blackboard for grading. Instructions:
1. Closely read the Required Reading assignment from Bahadori
(2014) and the Unit Lesson within the Study Guide.
2. Open your proposal draft from Unit VI and make any
improvements to your draft using your professor’s feedback
from the Unit VI project assignment.
3. Open the Unit VIII Study Guide, read the unit lesson,
strongly consider reading the article referenced in the suggested
reading section, and then consider your filter cake disposal
strategies available to you and your client.
4. Continue with your Unit VI Project and make your seventh
level one heading titled “Cake Solids Disposal.” Describe the
waste profiling process, the process of locating an appropriate
site of final disposition for the filter cake, contracting with a
landfill, and the paperwork associated with final disposal. You
are required to describe the entire filter cake disposal process in
at least one page.
5. Throughout the course you have continued to add pieces to
the course project. After you have added the “Cake Solids
Disposal” component to the project, review your project to be
sure you have included all components from the course and
incorporated feedback from the instructor. Along with the title
page and reference list, create a one paragraph abstract
following the title page that summarizes the entire project.
ALL UNIT PROJECTS ARE ENCLOSED
FEEDBACK FROM PROFESSOR FOR UNIT VI

2. Unit VI Project
Karen, Please add ROI in real numbers.
Introduction-Unit VI
With a need to manage wastes safely and effectively, the need
to assess the impacts of these wastes on human populations
ought to be carried out. The relationships that exist between the
industry and the industrial codes and waste classifications
should be done. It has been found that 70% of the wastes
especially hazardous are generated by the chemical industries
using approximately 20% of the primary metal industry codes
(Bahadori 2014).
In this regard, it is very important to understand the processes
that give rise to these hazardous effluents before embarking on
the treatment of such wastes. Environmental engineers ought to
understand the aspects of wastes that are given in an operation.
This implies that the fundamentals of the operations of the
chemistry and physics that are involved in an operation should
thoroughly e understood (Hickman 2003).
In essence, the processes of the majority of chemistry mostly
involved in waste treatments mainly occur within the matrices
of the effluents from the industry. In treatment process, it is
very important that one classify the wastes that are attributed to
recognizing and understanding the key attributes that are to be
considered industrial wastes and hazardous wastes. In addition
to this, one must recognize the difference between the
hazardous wastes and solid wastes that are generated by the
industry. Most importantly, the relevant laws and standards
should be considered so that the managing of these wastes can
be done legally and safely Bahadori 2014).
Unit I Project
Karen,

3. You are supposed to report the current status of the given
scenario
With a need to manage wastes safely and effectively, the need
to assess the impacts of these wastes on human populations
ought to be carried out. The relationships that exist between the
industry and the industrial codes and waste classifications
should be done. It has been found that 70% of the wastes
especially hazardous are generated by the chemical industries
using approximately 20% of the primary metal industry codes
(Bahadori 2014).
In this regard, it is very important to understand the processes
that give rise to these hazardous effluents before embarking on
the treatment of such wastes. Environmental engineers ought to
understand the aspects of wastes that are given in an operation.
This implies that the fundamentals of the operations of the
chemistry and physics that are involved in an operation should
thoroughly e understood( Hickman 2003).
In essence, the processes of the majority of chemistry mostly
involved in waste treatments mainly occur within the matrices
of the effluents from the industry. In treatment process, it is
very important that one classify the wastes that are attributed to
recognizing and understanding the key attributes that are to be
considered industrial wastes and hazardous wastes. In addition
to this, one must recognize the difference between the
hazardous wastes and solid wastes that are generated by the
industry. Most importantly, the relevant laws and standards
should be considered so that the managing of these wastes can
be done legally and safely Bahadori 2014).
Unit II Project
Karen,
This is continuation from the Unit I, so you need to include
writing from the previous write-up.
You need to include ROI and express your intension to provide

4. physical, chemical, biological treatments and general sewage
treatment techniques and solid waste treatment.
CHAPTER II
Treatment of wastes involves the physical, biological and
chemical treatment techniques, which is often expensive. Just
from our budget, we will be certain that treatment of waste is an
activity that requires financial resources and other
considerations such as staff management, various certifications
and licensing will be required to run a waste treatment plant.
And in line with that, return on investment will be calculated
just to determine the efficiency of this investment that will
incur the government a great deal of resources. The formula that
applies here is:
Return on investment = Net income / Investment
Where:
Net income = gross profit − expenses.
Investment = stock + market outstanding+ claims.
(Bahadori, 2014). Certification and licensing is very crucial in
ensuring that treatment of wastes does not pose any kind of
health hazards to the surrounding communities or even the
workers.
Physical and chemical waste treatment will require a number of
operations and workers for it to be successful. Wastes can be
processed for material and energy recovery using various unit
operations and processes. The selection of the appropriate unit
of operation and systems will entirely depend on the
characteristics of the wastes to be processed and what will be
the recovered materials used for. Basically the treatment of
wastes is to reduce the toxic substances that might be

5. hazardous. In chemical treatment, more skilled personnel with
the valid qualifications in the various chemical fields will be
hired because chemical treatment will require more advanced
skills. The treatment processes will encompass employees from
all academic levels, those with low qualifications that will
handle most of the manual work and the experienced individuals
who will supervise the entire process to ensure its success.
(Baijpai, 2014) In treatment of solid wastes, there is need to
obtain a valid license from the department involved in the
environmental management, of course the agency will have to
come and supervise the site of waste treatment and if they are
satisfied, they will issue a license to continue with the treatment
process, but if they are not satisfied they will have to withhold
the activity until compliance is achieved. Apart from licensing,
valid certifications from the waste and treatment division who
will come and check on the level of hazards available in the
wastes and thereafter issue appropriate certificates to continue
with the activity.
To this far it is worth mentioning that all the three sewage
treatment methods that are physical, chemical and biological are
going to be performed during this project. Each method has
been described separately and it has been shown that each
solves a specific purpose at one point in this lifecycle of water
treatment. It is therefore mandatory to undertake each method in
order to realize optimum results that the project aims at
achieving and nothing short of will be accepted since it will be
a breach to human health and to living organisms at large.
Unit III Project
Karen,
You need to include the whole thing from the Unit I. Also you
need to pay attention to how to write pH.
CHAPTER III

6. WASTEWATER TREATMENT
The two most used processes of water purification are the
chemical and the biological processes. However, most of the
purification methods that lie under the chemical and the
biological means purify water only to about 95%. There is
therefore a need to come up with a way to make the water
totally clean and safe for use. This is where comes in
flocculation, sedimentation and coagulation.
Coagulation is the process of compacting diffused impurities to
form solid or semi solid lumps that can be filtered out of a
solvent. The process mostly leads to a suspension being formed.
Sedimentation process is the process where a solid is formed at
the base of a liquid after separation with a liquid. Most of the
time, settling the wastewater that was getting treated forms
sediments. Flocculation is a process focused on removal of the
suspension.
First, the PH of the wastewater needs to be established. This is
done using a PH scale that ranges from zero to fourteen. If the
PH is less than seven, a basic solution needs to be added to the
water to achieve a ph of seven. If has PH greater than seven, an
acidic solution needs to be added to bring ph down to seven.
The reactions that occur form salt and water, where the salt will
be the metal precipitate.
Most of the flocculation processes that are done first by water
are agitation or the addition of the flocculation agent. The use
of the water has to be considered carefully before flocculation.
Some of the flocculation agents added are toxic and are used for
water that is not for human consumption but other industrial
use. They have to be used based on the particles to be removed
in the wastewater. Secondary clarifiers should have an energy
dissipater inlet to avoid disturbance of the elaborate
sedimentation. Sludge withdrawal system is important to keep
the clarifier as less clogged as possible and finally have a full

7. surface skimmer.
Unit V Project
Karen,
You are to submit everything you have done so far. Include
anticipate reductions of anylytes.
CHAPTER V
BIOFILM
Describe the secondary treatment equipment that you
engineered into your treatment process. Be
sure and describe the relevance and anticipated reduction of
related analytical concentrations
within your industrial and hazardous waste treatment system as
they correspond with each
technology that you selected.
According to (Hollysys (Asia Pacific) Pte Ltd, n.d.) water
Treatment Industry project requires a Biological contact
oxidation (BCO) scheme as a type of submerged biofilm
practice. Unused water comes into contact with the biofilm on
the filler. There are microorganisms in the biofilms; hence
through immersed aeration organic filter/ biological contact
oxidation tank, biofilm-covered fillers submerge in the
wastewater. When biofilms and wastewater meets the organic
matter are absorbed in the water by the micro-organic elements
followed by, oxidization and degradation into new biofilms.
Later, the disconnected biofilms from the filler move alongside
water to the secondary sedimentation tank, and exits as the
remaining water purify. There is oxygen requirement In the
contact oxidation tank, for the micro-organisms comes from the
water, hence air supplementation into the water to compensates
for the loss of the dissolved oxygen through a perforated air

8. pipeline at the foot of the tank. The air froths rise in the water
as a process of the oxygen dissolution into the water proceeds,
and sometimes the water yields by the same quota.
In the biological contact oxidation, there must be a big filler
tank that offers oxygenation state and Bio-solids measurements
in units that volume of the consistent contact oxidation tank that
has a high volumetric filling capability. It supplies simple
process and managing mechanisms. The bio-solids capacity is
bulky the water mixes totally in the oxidation tank due to its
sturdier adaptableness to the rapid vicissitudes of water value
and magnitude.
The system is efficient as it lacks toxicity and eliminates all
water-borne diseases, dissolved organic carbon, turbidity, and
color in surface water, thus refining general water quality.
Below is the pictorial illustration:
Unit VI Project
Karen,
Please add ROI in real numbers.
CHAPTER VI
SOLID WASTE TREATMENT
Frame filter press is the method that was found to best serve the
water purification process.
This is a tool that is used in processes of separating the solids
and liquids by use of the principle of high-pressure drive
achieved by means of slurry pump. A filter press operates by
batch process. After pumping the slurry into the filter press, the
slurry is dewatered under high-pressured. This device is quite
instrumental in treatment of water and wastewater in different

9. places. (Rao, D. G, 2010).
There are four main components of the filter
1. A) Frame: This is also termed as a skeleton. The filter press
made of steel acts serves as clamping devise to the filter plates.
2. B). Filter plates: There are three subcategories of filter
plates; all of them serve different functions. They include
diaphragm squeeze, recessed chamber, frame and plate.
3. C) Manifold: it’s made up of piping and valves which
regulate the slurry inlet and joint the four corners filtrate
discharge ports unto to the common discharge pipe.
4. D) This is a filter cloth, which is joined to the filter plate.
Masses of solids accumulate on the on the cloth forming a filter
cake, which separates liquids from the solids. (Asadi, 2007).
How the filter press works. Using pump slurry is constantly
pumped into the filter press. During the fill the solids gets
uniformly distributed.
Filter press – This is a solid/liquid separation mainly carried
out by the filter cake that has form on the cloth following
accumulation of the solids on the cloths. At the beginning, fine
particles may pass through tiny holes in the cloth, but later on
the solids form a thick layer as they accumulate on the cloth,
this layer traps fine particles thus forming a filter cake.
Solids build on the filter cloth. With time, the filter press builds
the pressure, at the same time the solids accumulate within the
chambers till they are completely full of filter cake. The cycle
is considered complete once the chamber is full .The filtrate
then begins to flow out from the filter pack into the manifold
via the corner port. Filtrates then exit the manifold once the
correct valve opens.

10. Comparing the two models available this method was best
suited as it was found to remove the most of the impurities on
water. Its waste removal was lower or close to the accepted
levels. The table below summarizes the effectiveness of the
method in waste removal
Effluent
Concentration
Local Limits
BOC
1200
1300
COD
2200
2400
TSS
145
160
PH
7.5
6.0-9.0
TDS
180
200
TOC
130
150
CYANIDES
0.5
0.5
PHENOLS
11
12
CADMIUM
1
2

11. CHROMIUM
0.15
0.25
IRON
45
50
H2S
0.3
0.5
TPH
600
640
References
Bahadori, A. (2014). Waste management in the chemical and
petroleum industries. West Sussex, United Kingdom: Wiley.
Hickman, H. L. (2003). American alchemy: The history of solid
waste management in the United States. Santa Barbara, CA:
Forester Press.
Odegaard , O. (2006). Innovations in wastewater treatment: the
moving bed biofilm process. Water Science Technology
Hollysys (Asia Pacific)Pte Ltd. (n.d.). water treatment industry
solutions. Business International, 1-23.
Rao, D. G. (2010). Introduction to biochemical engineering.
New Delhi: Tata McGraw-Hill.
Sutherland, K. (2008). Filters and Filtration Handbook.
Burlington: Elsevier
Asadi, M. (2007). Beet-sugar handbook. Hoboken, N.J: John
Wiley & Sons.
As the final and complete step of our course project (a proposal

12. for an industrial and hazardous waste treatment facility),
complete the last (seventh) section (cake solids disposal) of
your proposal by following the instructions carefully. Draft a
one paragraph abstract (insert the abstract immediately
following the title page), and then submit your final copy of
your completed proposal into Blackboard for grading.
Instructions: 1. Closely read the Required Reading assignment
from Bahadori (2014) and the Unit Lesson within the Study
Guide. 2. Open your proposal draft from Unit VI and make any
improvements to your draft using your professor’s feedback
from the Unit VI project assignment. 3. Open the Unit VIII
Study Guide, read the unit lesson, strongly consider reading the
article referenced in the suggested reading section, and then
consider your filter cake disposal strategies available to you and
your client. 4. Continue with your Unit VI Project and make
your seventh level one heading titled “Cake Solids Disposal.”
Describe the waste profiling process, the process of locating an
appropriate site of final disposition for the filter cake,
contracting with a landfill, and the paperwork associated with
final disposal. You are required to describe the entire filter cake
disposal process in at least one page. 5. Throughout the course
you have continued to add pieces to the course project. After
you have added the “Cake Solids Disposal” component to the
project, review your project to be sure you have included all
components from the course and incorporated feedback from the
instructor. Along with the title page and reference list, create a
one paragraph abstract following the title page that summarizes
the entire project.
MEE 5801, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Management 1

13. Course Learning Outcomes for Unit VIII
Upon completion of this unit, students should be able to:
7. Solve hazardous waste related problems through collaborative
methods of problem solving.
7.1 Discuss the waste profiling process, using the laboratory
report as a metric of the industrial and
hazardous waste treatment system’s effectiveness.
7.2 Discuss the landfill coordination and acceptance of solid
waste generated from the
industrial and hazardous waste treatment process.
Reading Assignment
This unit contains no textbook reading assignment.
Unit Lesson
In our last unit, we studied the process of properly
characterizing waste as being either related to Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) hazardous or non-
hazardous. This involved contracting with a
commercial testing laboratory and evaluating the solid waste for
toxicity, reactivity, corrosivity, and ignitability.
In order to help us tie together the entire solid waste
characterization and disposal process, it may benefit us

14. to walk through a specific example together during this lesson.
This will consequently incorporate your
knowledge built from Unit VII as well as expand your
understanding of the entire industrial and solid waste
management process.
For our scenario together, let’s consider that your developed
transfer storage disposal facility (TSDF)
pretreatment process that you have designed since Unit I has
now generated a filter cake solid and you are
ready to dispose of the filter cake. Your client has informed you
that they want to landfill any solid wastes
generated from the facility as they have no current markets for
land farming or recycling.
Sampling and Testing
Understanding the principles that you learned in Unit VII,
including the Toxicity Characteristics Leaching
Procedure (TCLP) and the reactivity, corrosivity, and
ignitability (RCI) testing, the first thing that you do is pick
up the phone and call the environmental testing laboratory
technical-sales person that made a visit to your
office a few weeks ago. She left you her card and asked you to
contact her if you ever had a need for testing.
When she answers the phone, the two of you discuss your
interest in sending the filter cake to a landfill. She
asks you to please send her an email with the request, asking
specifically for the tests for which you need
your filter cake analyzed. You send her requests for the
following tests: (a) complete TCLP (including
pesticides and herbicides), and (b) RCI. She comes by the next
day, samples the filter cake solids, and
transports the samples back to the laboratory for login and
analysis.

15. About ten days later, you receive the lab report. These are your
results: (a) all metals are “nd” (non-detect) for
everything except chromium at 4.9 mg/L (ppm), (b) non-
reactive, (c) non-corrosive with a pH of 8.4, (d) not
ignitable with a flashpoint of > 160ºF, (e) benzene at 1.5 mg/L,
(f) chlordane at 0.024 mg/L, and (g) toxaphene
at 0.6 mg/L.
Waste Profiling
You find a copy of a chart from a vendor that you picked up
from a trade show last spring and begin tabulating
the 40CFR 261.24. You compare your lab report against the
RCRA limits and find that you actually do have
two parameters that demonstrate RCRA hazardous with the
reported TCLP values: (a) benzene (RCRA limit
UNIT VIII STUDY GUIDE
Designing Integrated Industrial
& Waste Management Systems
MEE 5801, Industrial and Hazardous Waste Management 2
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
of 0.5 ppm), and (b) toxaphene (RCRA limit of 0.5 ppm). You
take a sticky note and write the following

16. information (Blackman, 2001):
, and
You now realize that the filter cake is considered to be an
RCRA Hazardous Waste (Blackman, 2001). This
was not what you had hoped, but you know what to do.
Waste Hauling and Landfilling
You dig back into the top drawer of your desk and pull out
another business card. This one is for a technical
sales professional that works for a hazardous landfill. You call
and discuss your waste profile with the landfill
specialist, informing him of your two RCRA listed waste
characteristics. He tells you that he has a landfill cell
dedicated to just these characteristics and sends out a 25 yd3
roll-off box in which to collect the filter cake
from your filter press. The operations crew finishes filling and
covering the roll-off box, and the landfill
specialist arrives with the truck to haul the filter cake to the
landfill. He informs you that the filter cake will be
tested for free liquids (describing a “paint filter test”) at the
scale house prior to entering the landfill. He then
has you fill out the waste manifest for the load, indicating the
volume of the roll-off box, the D-listed waste
profile, and a copy of the laboratory report. The landfill
specialist informs you that once the filter cake has
been disposed of into the landfill, a copy of the fully-signed
waste manifest will be returned to you in the mail.
The truck takes the filter cake away, and you are finished with
the project. The last thing that you need to do

17. is scan a copy of the manifest for the accounting department (as
back-up for the forthcoming invoice from the
landfill) and put the hard copy of the waste manifest into your
well-labeled filing cabinet in your office.
The above scenario should really help you for the final section
(Unit VIII) of your proposed industrial and
hazardous waste treatment facility proposal.
Let’s see how well all of this comes together with this
collaborative approach to solving the difficult problem of
industrial and hazardous waste treatment from the three
identified sources described in Unit I. You can now
be confident in your ability to understand how to effectively
separate, treat, and dispose of a wide range of
industrial liquid and solid wastes generated from a wide cross-
section of industry!
Reference
Blackman, W. (2001). Basic hazardous waste management (3rd
ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Suggested Reading
The suggested reading will give you additional resources related
to the content for this unit. The article can be
found using the Academic Search Complete database in the CSU
library.
Caccavale, S. (1999). The safety professional's guide to

18. understanding the solid and hazardous waste
regulations. Professional Safety, 44(9), 18-22.