Classification of power supply and its different types

Classification Of Power Supply And
Its Different Types

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Introduction
Classification Of Power Supply And Its
Different Types
 The power supply unit is the part of the hardware that is used to convert
the power provided from the outlet into usable power to many parts inside
an electrical device. Every energy supply must drive its load, which is
connected to it. Depending on its design, a power supply unit may obtain
energy from various types of energy sources.

Different Types
 There are two types of power supplies existed.
 AC and DC power supply.
 Based on the electrical device’s electric specifications it may use AC
power or DC power.
Power Types Of Power Supplies

Different Types
Classification of Power Supply and Its Different Types
The below table tells the basic types of power supplies for following conditions.
OUTPUT = DC OUTPUT = AC
INPUT = AC • Wall wart
• Bench power supplies
• Battery charger
• Isolation transformer
• Variable AC supply
• Frequency changer
INPUT = DC • DC-DC converter • Inverter
• Generator
• UPS

Different Types
Variable AC Power Supply
 The different AC voltages are generated by using a transformer.
 This instrument uses switches to select the different voltage levels.
 Alternatively, a variable transformer (adjustable autotransformer) can
be used to continuously vary the voltages.
 Some variable AC supplies are included meters to monitor the voltage,
current, and/or power.

Different Types
Variable AC Power Supply

Different Types
Unregulated Linear Power Supply
 Unregulated power supplies contain
• Step-down transformer.
• Rectifier.
• Filter Capacitor.
• Bleeder Resistor.
 This type of power supply, is simple, least costly and most reliable for low
power requirements.

Different Types
 The main disadvantage is that the output voltage is not constant.
 It will vary with the input voltage and the load current.
 The ripple is not suitable for electronic applications.
 The ripple can be reduced by changing the filter capacitor to an LC
(inductor-capacitor) filter.
 The cost becomes more.

Different Types

Different Types
Input Transformer
 The input transformer is used to convert the incoming line voltage
down to the required level of the power supply.
 It also isolates the output circuit from the line supply.
 Here we are using a step-down transformer.

Rectifier
Different Types
 The rectifier used to convert the incoming signal from an AC format into
raw DC.
 Different types of rectifiers available are
• Half Wave Rectifier and Full-Wave Rectifier.

Different Types
Filter Capacitor
 The pulsated DC from the rectifier is fed to the smoothing capacitor.
 It will remove the unwanted ripples in the pulsated DC.

Different Types
Bleeder Resistor
 Bleeder Resistor is also known as a power supply drain resistor.
 It is connected across the filter capacitors to drain their stored charge.
 So that the power system supply is not dangerous.

Different Types
Regulated Linear Power Supply
 Regulated linear power supplies are same as the unregulated linear
power supply.
 Except that a 3-terminal regulator is used in place of the bleeder
resistor.
 The main aim of this supply is to provide the required level of DC power
to the load.
 The DC power supply uses an AC supply as the input.
 Different applications require different levels of attributes voltages

Different Types
 Different applications require different levels of attributes voltages.
 Nowadays the DC power supplies provide an accurate output voltage.
 This voltage is regulated by an electronic circuitry.
 So that it provides a constant output voltage over a wide range of output
loads.

Different Types
Regulated Power Supply Block Diagram

Different Types
 Here the basic circuit diagram for Regulated Linear Power Supply given
below.

Different Types
Smoothing
 Once rectified from an AC signal.
 The DC needs to be smoothed to remove the varying voltage level.
 Large value capacitors are generally used for this purpose.

Different Types
Voltage Regulator
 A linear regulator has an active (BJT or MOSFET) pass device (series or
shunt) controlled by a high gain differential amplifier.
 It compares the output voltage with a precise reference voltage.
 Adjusts the pass device to maintain a constant level output voltage.
 There are two main types of linear power supplies.

Different Types
Series Regulator
 This is the most widely used regulators for linear power supplies.
 As the name implies a series element is placed in the circuit.
 Its resistance varied via the control electronics to ensure that the
correct output voltage is generated for the current taken.

Different Types
Shunt Regulator
 The shunt regulator is less widely used as the main element within a
voltage regulator.
 In this, a variable element is placed across the load.
 There is a source resistor placed in series with the input.
 The shunt regulator is varied to make sure that the voltage across the load
remains constant.

Different Types
Shunt Regulator

Different Types
Switch Mode Power Supply (SMPS)
 The SMPS has a rectifier, filter capacitor, series transistor, regulator,
transformer.
 It is more complicated than the other power supplies.

Different Types
 This DC is chopped to a constant high-frequency voltage.
 Which enables the size of the transformer to be dramatically reduced and
allows for a much smaller power supply.
 The disadvantages of this type of supply are:
• All of the transformers have to be custom-made.
• The complexity of the power supply does not lend itself to low
production.
• Economical low power applications.

Different Types

Different Types
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
 UPS is a Backup power source, in the case of power failure or fluctuations
 It allows enough time for an orderly shutdown of the system or for a
standby generator to start up.
 UPS consists usually of a bank of rechargeable batteries and power sensing
and conditioning circuitry.

Different Types
Conclusion
 This is all about different types of power supplies which include linear
power supplies, switching mode power supply, uninterrupted power
supply. Power supplies such as generators and alternators, solar power
converters, energy storage devices such as a battery and fuel cells, or
other power supply.

Classification of power supply and its different types

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