Philosophy of man

1. Prepared by:
Mary Ann vargas
Laws, Rights &
Duties

2. Law is a system of rules that are
enforced through social institutions to
govern behavior. Laws can be made by
a collective legislature or by a single
legislator

3. Different types of Law
 Criminal law
 Civil law
Common law
 Statute Law

4.  This is the kind of law that the police
enforce. Murder, assault, robbery and rape
are all included within the boundaries of
criminal law. A good way in which to
summarise which offences come under
criminal law is 'an offence which is seen as
being against everybody, even though it is
not'

5. For example if a car is stolen, then the theft is
against the individual, but it threatens all car owners
because they might have their car stolen.
 Because the view is taken that everybody is
threatened by the crime, criminal law is
dealt with by the public services and not by
private layers or investigators.

6.  Civil law has many different areas enclosed in
it.
Examples that come under this law are
legal rights, such as a right to an education or to
a trade union membership and divorce problems,
such as how the furniture is split between the
couple and who receives custody of the children.
The best way to describe it is that it looks at
actions that are not crimes.

7. In civil law it is up to the individuals to
sort out their own problems by going to
court themselves, or with a lawyer.

8. a type of law that is made based on multiple
judges' decisions
A common law legal system is characterized by
case law developed by judges, courts, and
similar tribunals, when giving decisions in
individual cases that have precedential effect
on future cases.

9.  An act of a legislature that declares, proscribes, or commands
something; a specific law, expressed in writing.
A statute is a written law passed by a legislature
on the state or federal level. Statutes set forth
general propositions of law that courts apply to
specific situations. A statute may forbid a
certain act, direct a certain act, make a
declaration, or set forth governmental
mechanisms to aid society.

11. Natural
-Based on one’s dignity as a human person
Constitutional
- Outlined in a constitution’s bill of rights
- cannot be replaced through legislation
Statutory
- As provided for by law

12. Political rights
Those that pertain to an individual’s participation
in government or the political process
Civil rights
Basically refer to rights enjoyed to enabled
individuals to undertake the every business of life
“Legal” Rights
Rights that apply To individuals when subjected to
the law and or legal procedures and process

13. Civil Rights
under Article
III

14.  Right to privacy
- Especially with respect to
correspondence
 Illegally obtained material as
inadmissible evidence

15. • Freedom of speech
• Right to a free press
• Freedom of assembly
• The right of petition

16. Limitation to freedom of Speech:
1. Anything lewd or obscene
2. Anything that provokes Violence or
disorder
3. Seditious messages
4. “Clear and present danger”

17. o Freedom of religion
o Corollary: The state has no official religion
- The state shall not endorse any
religion/religious preference
- Religion shall not be a prerequisite for
political rights
o Affirms the separation of church and state

18. o Right to travel

19.  Freedom to form association
- i.e. the right to organize
So long the association not contary
to the law

20.  the right to private property
 Explicit limitation to the power of eminent
domain
- Public use
- Just compensation: fair market price
- Due process of law

21. oDiscusses the “sanctity” of contacts and
obligation
o Laws affecting contracts cannot be applied
retroactively
o Aside: All contracts illegal in nature are non-
binding

22. o Rights and duties are two sides of the same coin
o Rights are guaranteed to us by the State
o In return we owe certain Fundamental Duties to the State
o Some important fundamental duties are:
- To respect the Constitution,
the National Flag and the National Anthem
- To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity
of the country
- To defend the country and render national service when
called upon to do so
- To protect and improve our national environment
including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife.

23. Question

24. 1. This kind of law that the
police enforce.
a. Criminal law
b. Civil law
c. Common law
a. Criminal law

25. 2. It is a charter of liberties for the
individual and a limitation upon the
power of the state.
a. Rights
b. Bill of rights
c. Civil rights
b. Bill of rights

26. 3. It is basically refer to rights enjoyed
to enabled individuals to undertake the
every business to life.
a. Political rights
b. Legal rights
c. Civil rights
c. Civil rights

27. 4. This is the limitation of speech
EXCEPT:
a. Right of petition
b. Sedetious messages
c. Anything that provokes violence or
disorder
a. Right of petition

28. 5. What article that the state has no
official religion. Wherein the state
shall not endorse any
religion/religious preference.
a. Article III, Section 6
b. Article III, Section 5
c. Article III, Section 4
b. Article III, Section 5