Presented by Tunrayo Alabi (IITA) at the Africa RISING West Africa Review and Planning Meeting, Bamako, Mali, 3-4 February 2014

1. Up scaling Africa RISING Interventions using
Development domains
Tunrayo Alabi (IITA)
Africa RISING West Africa Review and Planning Meeting,
Bamako, Mali, 3-4 February 2014

2. Outline of presentation
• Concept of Development Domain
• Criteria for Development Domain
– Biophysical & Socioeconomic characteristics
• Domain map of West Africa
• Up scaling Research Results

3. Concept of Development Domain
• Development domain is the spatial
representation of factors important for agric.
development
• Characterized using stratification criteria
• Reduce complexity by prioritizing criteria
based on its influence on production.
• Example of simple domain
– Agroecological zone
– Farming systems map

4. Farming systems

5. Why Development domain approach?
• Domain helps to dissect/stratify the complex
region into geographical units in which similar
agricultural problems or opportunities are likely
to occur
• Where are those geographic areas in which
development problems and opportunities are
likely to be most similar?
• Where else can a successful tested technologies
be employed. Where else can we replicate
successes (up-scaling research results)

6. Criteria for Development domains
• The following 3 criteria were used
• Agricultural Potential
• Market access
• Population density

7. Agricultural Potential
• Agricultural potential of any location is a strong
indicator of its absolute advantage in agricultural
production
• the extent to which this might actually be realized
or its comparative advantage is conditioned by
other factors such as market access and
population density (Pender et al. 1999).
• It is not a static concept but changes over time in
response to changing natural conditions (e.g
climate change) and human-induced conditions
(e.g land degradation )

8. Length of Growing period
•
LGP was used to
compute agric.
Potential
•
Defined as the no of
days in a year when
sufficient water is
available in the soil
profile to support plant
growth
It captures the complex
interaction of rainfall,
PET, temperature ,
solar radiation and soil
properties.
It expresses the
distribution of rainfall
as well as its availability
for crop growth when
runoff and PET has
been accounted for.
•
•

9. Agricultural Potential
Agric. potential
• High: (LGP > 180 days )
• Medium: (LGP 90-180
days
• Low :(< 90 days)
Country
Mali
Niger
Senegal
Burkina Faso
Nigeria
Gambia
Guinea Bissau
Guinea
Benin
Ghana
Togo
Cote d'Ivoire
Sierra Leone
Liberia
West Africa
High
Medium Low
3.7
20.4 76.0
0.0
3.4 96.6
2.0
74.3 23.7
13.4
75.8 10.8
54.8
37.2
8.0
0.0
99.2
0.8
53.4
46.6
0.0
98.9
1.1
0.0
68.7
31.3
0.0
99.0
1.0
0.0
94.6
5.4
0.0
100.0
0.0
0.0
99.7
0.0
0.3
100.0
0.0
0.0
34.0
21.1 44.9

10. Market access
• Critical for determining the comparative
advantage of a given location, given its
agricultural potential.
• It determines access to inputs and output outlets
• e.g, a community with absolute advantage in
producing perishable vegetables may have little
or no comparative advantage (low profitability) in
vegetable production if it is far from roads and
markets.

11. Market access
• Computing
market access
involves travel
time based on
landuse, roads,
places with
population >
10,000
• High (< 2
hours); Medium
(3-8 hours);
Low (> 8 hours)

12. Population density
• Population pressure affects
the labor intensity of
agriculture by affecting the
land/labor ratio
• Influences innovations in
technology
• Markets & institutions
/investments in agric
• Population density is high in
the coastal belt of WA
• Medium are scattered all
over
• Low density are more in the
northern belt of WA the
region

13. Development Domain
27 Domain units
produced
LLL : 30%
HLM : 11%
LLM : 10%

14. % Development domain WA
Domain
LLL
LLM
LLH
LMH
LMM
LHM
LML
LHL
LHH
MLM
MLH
MMH
MMM
MHH
MHM
MLL
MML
HLL
HLM
HLH
MHL
HMH
HMM
HHM
HHH
HML
HHL
Mali
47
45
21
5
8
8
64
99
3
41
28
13
18
5
6
37
2
2
5
3
0
3
3
0
0
0
0
Burkina
Guinea
Niger Senegal Faso
Nigeria Gambia Bissau
53
0
0
0
0
0
41
5
4
4
0
0
48
10
6
15
0
0
59
6
3
25
0
0
67
6
4
14
0
0
72
3
0
17
0
0
19
4
0
13
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
66
5
0
25
0
0
3
19
19
10
0
2
3
21
19
22
1
2
7
8
26
43
2
1
6
5
27
40
2
2
2
10
14
66
1
0
5
5
15
66
1
0
1
16
18
4
0
1
3
9
9
74
0
3
0
0
2
19
0
1
0
0
4
14
0
2
0
1
3
15
0
1
0
5
0
81
0
1
0
0
2
35
0
0
0
0
1
34
0
0
0
0
0
55
0
0
0
0
1
58
0
0
0
0
0
29
0
0
0
0
0
55
0
0
Guinea Benin
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
6
0
4
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
22
0
0
7
5
22
5
25
8
0
0
12
3
13
3
3
4
4
4
2
3
0
3
Ghana
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
21
12
10
0
8
10
18
14
28
22
Cote
Sierra
West
Togo d'Ivoire Leone Liberia Africa
30
0
0
0
0
10
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
7
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
3
0
0
0
0
3
1
0
0
0
2
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
1
29
1
12
11
2
20
4
8
5
3
20
4
7
0
14
0
0
0
3
5
20
9
3
4
6
20
6
3
4
4
12
3
2
3
3
9
5
2
1
9
28
1
1
1
2
14
0
4

15. Dev. Domain Ghana
Africa RISING Intervention sites
In Ghana are in 3 regions

16. Intervention sites in Ghana & Domain
25 sites in Ghana falls within 5 Dev. Domains
Region
District
site Name
Size
Domain
Northern
Upper East
Upper West
Upper West
Upper West
Upper West
Upper West
Upper West
Upper West
Savelugu
Kassena
Wa West
Wa West
Wa West
Wa West
Nadowli
Nadowli
Nadowli
Manguli
sabulungo
zanko
Pase
Guo
Siiriyin
Goli
Papu
Gylli
small
Large
Small
small
large
small
medium
large
small
HHH
HHH
HLH
HLH
HLH
HLH
HLH
HLH
HLH
Upper West
Upper West
Northern
Northern
Northern
Northern
Northern
Northern
Northern
Upper East
Upper East
Upper East
Upper East
Northern
Northern
Nadowli
Nadowli
Savelugu
Savelugu
Savelugu
Savelugu
Savelugu
Savelugu
Savelugu
Kassena
Kassena
Kassena
Kassena
Savelugu
Savelugu
Goriyiri
Natodori
Tibali
Botingli
Duko
Tiborgunayili
Tingoli
kpirim
Gbanjon
Gia
Nyangua
Tekuru
Bonia
kpallung
Cheyohi No2
small
large
medium
small
Medium
large
large
small
medium
Large
medium
Medium
Large
medium
small
HLH
HLM
HMH
HMH
HMH
HMH
HMH
HMH
HMH
HMH
HMH
HMH
HMH
HMM
HMM

17. HHH Domain similarity
Manguli &
Sabulungo
HHH occurrence
Country
Ghana
Nigeria
West Africa
(%)
9.8
10.4
3.2
Research results from the
2 sites represent about 3.2%
of West Africa

18. HLM Domain similarity
Natodori (Upper West)
Country
Ghana
Nigeria
Guinea
Cote D’voire
West Africa
(%)
27.5
8.6
49
34
10.7
… represents about 11%
of west Africa and 49 %
Guinea, 34 % of Cote d’voire

19. HLH Domain similarity
8 Sites in Wa West & Nadowli
Region
District
site Name
Upper West Wa West Zanko
Pase
Guo
Siriyin
Nadowli Goli
Papu
Gylli
HHH occurrence
Goriyiri
Country
Ghana
Nigeria
Guinea
Liberia
West Africa
(%)
10
3.8
23.3
15
4.5

20. HMH Domain similarity
Region
District
site Name
Northern
Northern
Northern
Savelugu
Savelugu
Savelugu
Tibali
Botingli
Duko
Northern
Northern
Northern
Northern
Upper East
Upper East
Upper East
Upper East
Savelugu
Savelugu
Savelugu
Savelugu
Kassena
Kassena
Kassena
Kassena
Tiborgunayili
Tingoli
kpirim
Gbanjon
Gia
Nyangua
Tekuru
Bonia
HMH occurrence
Country
Ghana
Nigeria
West Africa
(%)
4.4
4.9
2.6

21. HMM Domain similarity
Region
District
Site Name
Northern
Savelugu
Kpallung
Northern
Savelugu
Cheyohi
HMH occurrence
Country
Ghana
Nigeria
West Africa
(%)
4.4
4.9
2.6