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business_plan[1]
1.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 1 CHAPTER 7 BUSINESS PLAN
2.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 2 Business Plan A business plan is a written document that outlines the detailed execution plan of the business. It will include details of the: − organization, administration and human resource plan − marketing plan − production plan − financial plan The business plan should enable an entrepreneur to determine whether the project is viable, needs to be modified or whether the project is not feasible and should be abandoned altogether.
3.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 3 Key Planning Elements
4.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 4 Purposes of Preparing a Business Plan The business plan is normally written for the following purposes: – it is used as a feasibility study to ascertain the viability of the project – it is a guide for project implementation – it is used as a document to justify and support loan application or to entice and convince a partner or investor to invest in the business
5.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 5 Project Preliminary Screening Before you prepare the business plan of the project, an entrepreneur should do a preliminary screening on the suitability of the project. At least he should have a general idea that the proposed business is fairly satisfactory on the following issues. – The viability, sustainability and growth potential of the business concept, model and strategy – Overcoming initial start up hurdle or chasm: The provision of adequate capital, skill manpower and the ability to achieve early break even sale volume
6.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 6 Business Plan Format A basic business plan should include: executive summary table of content introduction company background owner/partner background location organization, administration and human resource plan marketing plan operation plan financial plan conclusion appendices
7.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 7 Example of a Simple Business Plan Introduction The following is an example on how to prepare a simple business plan for a burger kiosk. It shows important planning elements that must be worked out, i.e. organization, administration and human resources market planning operation planning financial planning
8.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 8 Organization, Administration and Human Resources Plan for Burger Kiosk Basic issues that need to be resolved for man power planning are: Manpower requirement and the organization structure for the company. Manpower planning also includes planning for their job qualifications, job specification, recruitment and their remunerations budget.
9.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 9 Organization Chart
10.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 10 Employee’s Salary, EPF and SOCSO contribution
11.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 11 Administrative Budget
12.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 12 Marketing Plan for Burger Kiosk Basic marketing issues that need to be resolved are: What is your product and its special attraction or quality? Who is your target market? What is the market size? Who are your competitors and what are their competitive strengths? What is your market share and your sale forecast? What are your marketing strategies? What is your marketing budget and plan?
13.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 13 Marketing Strategies
14.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 14 Target Market Profile
15.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 15 Target Market Profile (cont.) Based on the issues as outlined in the above table, the following are issues for the burger kiosk. What is your product range? – burgers, hot dog, kebab, etc. Where are you going to do your business? – It should be at strategic location where there is sizable market or traffic and accessible. The market growth potential is good.
16.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 16 Who is your target market? − Let’s say the purchases expected from the main group of customers in the area of operation are as follows: − College students − Factory workers − Local residents − Tourist and others Target Market Profile (cont.)
17.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 17 What is the total market size? The estimation of the total purchase of similar products in the locality including those purchased from your competitors. Let’s say daily market size is as follows: − College students 100@RM3.00 RM300.00 − Local residents 50@RM3.00 RM150.00 − Factory workers 30@RM3.00 RM 90.00 − Tourist and others 20@RM3.00 RM 60.00 − Total daily market size RM600.00 Target Market Profile (cont.)
18.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 18 Who are your competitors? Let’s say you only have one competitor in the area. What is your market share and your daily sale forecast? − Let’s say, your market share is 50 per cent, thus sale forecast is RM300.00 per day − What is your promotion strategy? − Roadside banners and signboard only. − What is you selling price? − RM3.00 per burger Target Market Profile (cont.)
19.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 19 What is your marketing Budget Let’s say, you are going to promote your burger through pamphlet and roadside banner: − Pamphlet—Printing and distribution RM200.00 − Banner—Printing and permit RM200.00 Target Market Profile (cont.)
20.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 20 Operation Plan for Burger Kiosk Basic production plan issues that need to be resolved are: − What products do you want to produce and what are its quality specifications and characteristics? Does this quality meet the target customers’ needs and wants? − What is the cost of production per unit and what is the possible selling price the market can absorb?
21.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 21 How many do you need to produce per day/week / month so that you can cater for your sale forecast? Based on quality and quantity required, what is the best production plan for the job; you will have to decide whether it is going to be fully mechanized, semi-mechanized or totally manual? You will have to outline your material, machines, tools, space and lay out needs based on the production process flow chart. Operation Plan for Burger Kiosk (cont.)
22.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 22 Operation Plan for Burger Kiosk (cont.)
23.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 23 Based on your production schedule, you will have to plan and calculate the following items: – Product: chicken and beef burgers Let’s say your operation is quite simple. Your material input cost per burger is only RM1.00 and your selling price per burger is RM3.00. – Estimated sale per day RM300.00 – Cost of raw material for one day RM140, therefore for 5 days (one week) RM700/week – Sale for five days/week RM300 ×5 days = RM1,500/week – Salary: • RM20.00 /person for 2 persons • 5 working days/ week, RM20 × 2 persons × 5 days = RM200/week Let’s say your asset equipment cost is only RM1,500.00 Operation Plan for Burger Kiosk (cont.)
24.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 24 Process Flow Chart
25.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 25 Process Flow Chart (cont.)
26.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 26 Financial Plan for Burger Kiosk Basic financial plan includes the following: project implementation cost sources of fund for the project financial schedule for asset depreciation and loan amortization cash flow projection income statement projection (profit and loss) balance sheet projection
27.
All Rights ReservedFundamentals
of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 27 Project Implementation Cost Example of project implementation cost of burger kiosk: Project implementation cost is as follows: Assets (equipment) RM1,500 Working capital for one week i.e. salary and raw material: RM100@5 days + RM40@5days= RM 700 Registration cost RM 100 Banner and pamphlet (one time) RM 400 Total project implementation cost RM2,700
28.
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of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 28 Sources of Funds
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of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 29 Project Implementation Cost Table
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of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 30 Depreciation Table
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of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 31 Loan Amortization Table Period Principal Interest Loan balance 1st week 250 10 750 2nd week 250 10 500 3rd week 250 10 250 4th week 250 10 0 Example of loan amortization table for the proposed burger kiosk project: Let’s say, the loan amount is RM1,000, duration 4 weeks, interest at RM10.00 per week.
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of Entrepreneurship © Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T), 2013 1– 39 Social Entrepreneurship Project As an alternative, students can also do a social entrepreneurship project for their practicum. Students can look into the internet to gain some ideas on the types or themes of the social entrepreneurship project that can be undertaken. For instance, some non-governmental organizations (NGOs) organize efforts to help the urban or rural poor, orphans, single mums, ex-drug addicts, HIV or cancer patients, etc. There are NGOs that work on environmental causes, animal protection or organize to fight child labour, pollution, etc.
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