The document discusses knee arthritis, its causes, diagnosis, and treatment options. Some common causes of knee arthritis include genetics, excess weight, aging, injury, and nutritional deficiencies. Diagnosis involves physical examination, x-rays, and sometimes additional tests like MRI or blood work. Treatment options include weight loss, exercises and physical therapy, medications, joint lubricants, injections, and surgery for advanced cases. Total knee replacement is often an effective treatment for advanced osteoarthritis.

1. Knee Arthritis
Why Me ?

2. What Causes Knee Arthritis?
• Bad Genes
• Over Weight
• Ageing
• Injury
• Nutrition Deficiency
• Other Causes

3. Bad Genes
• Bad Genes
• Over Weight
• Ageing / Women
• Injury
• Vitamin D / Glucosamine Deficiency
• Other Causes
• You are more likely to develop osteoarthritis of the knee
if one of your Parents or Grand parents had Knee
arthritis

4. Over Weight
• Bad Genes
• Over Weight
• Ageing
• Injury
• Nutrition Deficiency
• Other Causes
• Being overweight increases the load that you put on your joints.
Shedding excess weight certainly will ease the pressure and relieve
your Joint Pain.
• Conversely sudden weight gain can do the opposite.

5. Ageing
• Bad Genes
• Over Weight
• Ageing
• Injury
• Nutrition Deficiency
• Other Causes
• Just like greying of hair, joints can develop osteoarthritis, with age.
Reduced activity coupled with muscle and bone wasting (thinning )
could be the cause for this condition.
• Regular exercise helps to keep the joint moving, reduce pain and
strengthen muscles around affected joints. Physiotherapist guidance
may be required.

6. Injury
• Bad Genes
• Over Weight
• Ageing
• Injury
• Nutrition Deficiency
• Other Causes
• Sports related injuries can cause premature Osteoarthritis in
later life. Road accidents and fall induced Knee fractures can
also lead to early Arthritis, especially if they have not been
treated properly

7. Nutrition Deficiency
• Bad Genes
• Over Weight
• Ageing
• Injury
• Nutrition Deficiency
• Other Causes
• Certain individuals with Arthritis seem to greatly benefit from
Glucosamine treatment, suggesting there may be a deficiency
of this chemical in the body
• Deficiency of Vitamin C and D also can cause Osteoarthritis.
Correcting these simple deficiencies can greatly influence the
management of Arthritis

8. Other Causes
• Bad Genes
• Over Weight
• Ageing
• Injury
• Nutrition Deficiency
• Other Causes
• Mal alignment of Knees caused by Bowlegs or Knock knees
which are developmental disorders should be rectified.

9. Diagnosis of Knee Pain
• Physical Examination
• X-Ray
• Lab Tests
• MRI Scan
• Knee pain could be due to several causes including arthritis. Not all
knee pain is due to Arthritis. Thorough examination by a doctor after
a detailed history, followed by an X-ray should yield a diagnosis.
Occasionally blood tests and MRI Scan are required to make an
exact diagnosis.

10. Treatment
• Weight Reduction
• Exercises / Physiotherapy
• Pain Medications
• Joint Lubricants
• Injections
• Surgery

11. Weight Reduction
• Weight Reduction
• Exercises / Physiotherapy
• Pain Medications
• Joint Lubricants
• Injections
• Surgery
• Simple measures to lose weight include:
• Eating whole meals like Oats, Brown rice/wheat, Brown bread,
• Fresh vegetables and fruits, Low fat Milk
• Protein Shakes and Occasional dry fruits and nuts
• Drink water before your meal

12. Exercises / Physiotherapy
• Weight Reduction
• Exercises / Physiotherapy
• Pain Medications
• Joint Lubricants
• Injections
• Surgery
• Exercise increases strength and flexibility, reduces joint pain, and
helps combat fatigue.
• Quadriceps exercises even for a few minutes a day, gives instant
pain relief and improves walking style

13. Pain Medications
• Weight Reduction
• Exercises / Physiotherapy
• Pain Medications
• Joint Lubricants
• Injections
• Surgery
• My Strategy for Pain Control:
• Mild Pain: Crocin 500 or Dolo 650 X 3 times daily
• Moderate Pain: Ultracet, twice daily
• Severe Pain: Voveran, twice daily
• Caution: High BP, & poorly controlled Diabetes are risk factors for
Kidney failure – NSAID’s are best avoided in such patients, can also
lead to peptic ulcer and stomach bleeding

14. Joint Lubricants
• Weight Reduction
• Exercises / Physiotherapy
• Pain Medications
• Joint Lubricants
• Injections
• Surgery
• Glucosamine therapy has made a great impact in OA treatment. It is
well tolerated and appear to be safe and may be taken for 3 months
in a year (1500mg dose daily)
• Vitamin D deficiency is rampant in the Indian population and should
be rectified to decrease stress on the knee joints and delay onset of
OA

15. Injections
• Weight Reduction
• Exercises / Physiotherapy
• Pain Medications
• Joint Lubricants
• Injections
• Surgery
• Viscosupplementation injections are expensive. Has benefitted
some patients who are unwilling to undergo Knee replacement
Surgery
• Steroid Injections help control Knee pain in the short term only.
Should be avoided if planning to undergo Knee Replacement
Surgery

16. Surgery
• Weight Reduction
• Exercises / Physiotherapy
• Pain Medications
• Joint Lubricants
• Injections
• Surgery
• Arthroscopic Debridement, Loose body removal, meniscectomies
have been shown to improve pain control in certain group of patients
• Total Knee Replacement Surgery is a highly successful Procedure in
advanced OsteoArthritis patients, giving pain relief for 20 years