NANOTECHNOLOGY: APPLICATION IN CROP NUTRITION

1. Nanotechnology: Application in crop nutrition
Presented by:
Sangavi K K
ALH5059
UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES,
BENGALURU
COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE, HASSAN
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2. Overview
Review of literature
Introduction
Nano fertilizer
Research work
Future prospects
Conclusion
Reference
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3. Review of literature
• NASS(2013) Nanotechnology in Agriculture
:Scope and current relevance .Policy paper
No.63,New Delhi.
• Tarafdar,J.C.(2012) Perspectives of
nanotechnological applications for crop
production . NAAS News 12,8-11.
• Drexler,K.E.(1986)Engines of creation :The
Coming Era of Nanotechnology . Random house
New York.
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4. • Tarafdar ,J.C.,Raliya, R . and Rathore, I.(2012)
Microbial synthesis of phosphorous nano
particles from tri -calcium phosphate using
Aspergillus tubingenesis TFR-5. Journal of
Bionanoscience 6 ,84-89.
• Hett A (2004) Nanotechnology .Small Matter
,Many Unknown .SwissRe Zurich .
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5. Nanotechnology
 The prefix ‘nano’ derived from the Greek word
that means ‘dwarf’ and ‘technology’ is the
application of practical sciences to commerce .
 Foundation of nano science was first established
by Nobel laureate Richard Feyman.
 The term nanotechnology was coined by Norio
Taniguchi of the University of Tokyo in 1974 .
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6.  Nanotechnology therefore refers to ‘the creation
and utilization of materials, devices and systems
through the control of their properties and
structure at a nano metric scale’.
 The word nano is used to refer to 10-9 or the
billionth part of one metre.
 Nano particles generally used for materials of
sizes between 1 to 100 nm.
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7. 7

8. Properties
 Smaller size
 High surface area to volume ratio.
 Slow release
 High mobility and more efficient .
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9. 9

10. Nano terms
• Nano scale
• Nano science
• Nano technology
-Natural
-Incidental
-Engineered
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11. Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Top down Bottom up
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12. 12

13. Nano fertilizers
Need
 High prone to losses of fertilizer.
 Pollution to environment.
 Low nutrient use efficiency.
 Increasing population and decreasing
productivity.
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14. Nutrient Efficiency Cause of low efficiency
Nitrogen 30-35 % Immobilization, volatilization,
denitrification,
Leaching
Phosphorus 15-20% Fixation in soils Al – P, Fe – P, Ca – P
Potassium 35-40% Fixation in clay - lattices
Sulphur 8-10% Immobilization, Leaching with water
Micro
nutrients (Zn,
Fe, Cu, Mn, B)
2-5% Fixation in soils
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15. 15

16. Nano fertilizer is a smart way to release
plant nutrients gradually and in controlled
manner.
Reduce quantity of fertilizer used .
Control eutrophication and pollution of
water resource.
Ultrahigh absorption rate increased
production ,photosynthesis and significant
leaf SA expansion.
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17. 17

18. 18
Mode of action

19. 19

20. Characterisation of nanofertilizers
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Transmission
electron microscopy
Scanning electron
microscopy
Dynamic light
scattering

21. 21
TEM image of nanoparticles SEM image of nanoparticles
Iron oxide
Zinc oxide

22. Nano porous zeolites
• Zeolites are naturally occurring minerals
honeycomb like structure arrangement of Al and Si
in 3-dimensional framework creates channels and
voids that are in nano scale.
• High specific surface area, CEC and highly
selective towards macronutrient K+ and NH4+.
• These essential minerals can be exchanged into
zeolite exchange site, where nutrient can slowly
release for plant uptake, so reduce runoff, leaching
and environmental pollution.
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23. 23

24. Effects of nanofertilizers
• Increase nutrient use efficiency :
Encapsulation of fertilizer with nano particles
Slow delivery
Smart delivery system
Nano biosensor
• Increase in yield
• Precision farming
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25. Constraints
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Environmental pollution.
Respiratory disorder and carcinogenic.
Some ill effects on plant system

26. Research work
 Foliar application of nano phosphorous as
fertilizer (640 mg/ha) and soil application (80
kg/ha) yield equally in cluster bean and pearl
millet under arid condition.
(Tarafdar et al.,2012)
 The application of nano-urea can save up to
12.4-41.7%of nitrogen application to the soil.
(Huang et al.,2015)
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27. 27
Treatments No. of Grains/Spike 100-Grain weight
(g)
Yield/Pot (g)
0 ppm 18.5 3.35 7.18
25 ppm 29.0 4.66 13.25
50 ppm 22.0 4.53 12.45
75 ppm 25.0 4.40 10.40
100 ppm 22.3 4.43 10.36
125 ppm 22.5 3.94 9.90
150 ppm 11.5 3.78 9.73
CD at 5% 3.52 0.25 1.77
RDF: 90-60-40 kg/ha Jhanzab et al., 2015
Effect of silver nano particles on yield attributes of
wheat

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Prasad etal 2012
a) Higher root growth of peanut plant after nanoscale ZnO treatment (1000ppm).
The plants were uprooted after 110 days
b) Higher plant growth after nanoscale ZnO treatment (1000 ppm), after 110days

29. Effect of nano ZnO on uptake of zinc by leaf and kernel of
peanut
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Treatment Zinc content (ppm)
2008–2009 (Rabi season)
Leaf
(post harvest) Kernel
T1 = NPK
(Control) 22.31 21.84
T2 = NPK + ZnSO4
(chelated @ 30g/15 L)
31.46∗ 28.32∗
Zinc content (ppm)
2009–2010(Rabi season)
Leaf Kernel
(post harvest)
22.81 20.46
32.36∗ 29.21∗
T3 = NPK + ZnO
(Nano @ 2g/ 15 L) 44.80∗∗ 40.20∗∗ 41.83∗∗ 39.90∗∗
CD@ 5% 1.50 1.36 1.46 1.35
Prasad et al., 2012

30. Effect of zinc nanofertilizer on pearl millet
Treatment Shoot length
(cm)
Root length
(cm)
Dry biomass
(kg/ha)
Grain yield
(kg/ha)
Control 152 58.6 5192 1065
Ordinary ZnO 158 60.9 5214 1217
Nano ZnO 175 61.1 5841 1467
CD @ 5% 0.10 0.14 52.2 17.6
Tarafdar et al., 2014ZnO NP size: 18.5nm
Foliar application rate @ 16 litre/ha at 10ppm conc.
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31. Treatments Acid
phosphatase
(EU× 10-4)
Alkaline
phosphatase
(EU× 10-4)
Phytase
(EU× 10-2)
Control 9.1 4.7 0.9
Ordinary ZnO 14.1 6.2 2.2
Nano ZnO 16.1 7.6 3.8
CD @ 5% 1.4 0.8 0.5
P-solubilising enzyme activity in rhizosphere of 6 week old
pearl millet
Tarafdar et al., 2014
EU : Enzymatic Units
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32. From left to right: Treated with fertilizer and nano-sized hydroxyapatite (nHA),
treated with fertilizer and regular P, treated with fertilizer without P, and treated with
tap water only.
Crop: Soybean
Liu and Lal, 2014
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33. Controlled release fertilizer of zinc encapsulated by hollow
core shell (nano size)
Yuvaraj and Subramanian, 2015Hollow core size: 155 nm 33

34. Effect of copper nanoparticles on
root growth of wheat
0.4ppm Control
Micrograph of root
indicating absorption
of Cu-NPs
Hafeez et al., 2015
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35. Effect of zinc nanofertilizer on growth and
yield of pearl millet crop
Tarafdar et al., 2014
Treatments Root
Leng
th
(cm)
Roo
t
Are
a
(cm
2)
Total
chlorop
hyll
content
(µg-1)
Grain
Yield
(kg
/ha)
Dry
biomass
(kg
/ha)
Control 58.6 60.1 30.3 1065 5192
ZnSO4 60.9 63.8 31.5 1217 5214
Nano Zn 61.1 74.7 37.7 1467 5841
CD at 5% 0.14 0.17 0.46 17.6 52.2
Foliar spray after two weeks of
germination@10mg/l
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36. Future prospects
Physiological explanation of mechanism of
uptake and translocation by plants
Influence of nanoparticles in rhizosphere and
on root surface
Minimising the residual effect
Lab to land
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37. Conclusion
 Nano-fertilizers have potential to increase
crop productivity through slow or controlled
delivery.
 Due to their small size and target specificity,
they increase the use efficiency of the
fertilizer, which are applied in nanoparticle
form.
 If limitations are encountered it will become
a revolutionizing technology.
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38. Reference
• Soil science an introduction -ISSS
• Nanotechnology and plant sciences – Manzer H
Siddiqui et al.,
• Crop nutrition management with nano fertilizers
–Tulasi Guru et al.,
• Internet
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THANK YOU