In ecological monitoring, the monitoring strategy and effort is directed at the plants and animals in the environment under review and is specific to each individual study. However in more generalised environmental monitoring, many animals act as robust indicators of the quality of the environment that they are experiencing or have experienced in the recent past

1. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF
LAWRENCE GARDEN
Presenter:
Zainab Lali

2. Contents
 Biological monitoring
 Lawrence garden
 Flora
 Fauna
 Microbes in air,water and soil
 Methods of analysis
 Storage
 Standards
 Conclusion

3. What Is Biological Monitoring?
Regular checking of the
changes in a habitat by
examining its species
after regular intervals.

4. LAWRENCE GARDEN
• John Lawrence built the garden as a
botanical garden.
• Originally covered 176 acres.
• Current area: 121 acres (0.49 km2).

5. STEPS FOR MONITORING
SHOULD BE PLANNED
BEFORE STARTING MONITORING

6. BIOLOGICAL MONITORING OF LAWRENCE
GARDEN
FLORA OBSERVED:
 150 varieties of trees,
 140 types of shrubs,
 50 types of creepers,
 30 kinds of palms, almost 100
succulent plants

7. TREES
Rukh e Zard/Flame tree

8. Tree of Heaven

9. Shaitan/Alstonia

10. SHRUBS
KHALIFA

11. CLIMBERS
Zulf e Yaar/ Fox tail

12. Ipomea / Ishq Picha

13. Palms
LADY PALM

14. Fish Tail Palm

15. FLOWERS BLOOD FLOWER

16. PRIDE OF ROCHESTER

17. FAUNA
Effected Species:
 BATS
 PEA COCKS

18. MAMMALS
• Cats
• Dogs
• Rats

19. BIRDS
• Cockatoo
• Starling
• Sparrows
• Owl
• Kingfisher
• Turtle dove
• Willy wag tail

20. Net casting spider

21. Common Lizards

22. Dwarf Tree Frog

23. Insects
• Butterfly
• Wasps
• Ants
• Hoverfly
• Blowfly
• Rose Aphid
• Lady Bugs

24. SOIL SAMPLING
• Random soil sampling
• Surface soil sampling
• 2m depth
• Use hand augers and shovels
• Wash using 75% ethanol and 10% alcohol

25. SOIL SAMPLE PROCESSING
• Sample should be air dried firstly.
• Should be sieved through a 2mm mesh.
• Should be stored in a plastic bag and
used immediately
• Or it can be stored at 4oC for future
analysis.

26. WATER SAMPLING FOR RECREATIONAL
SITES
• Water samples must range from
200ml to 1000ml
• Use plastic bottles and glass jars.
• Water is stored at cool
temperatures
• Bacteria can be filtered by using
0.45microns filter.

27. AIR SAMPLING
• Impingement
• Impaction
• Centrifugation
• Filtration

28. Commonly used devices for Microbial
Analysis of Air
• All Glass Impinger (AGI).
• Anderson Six Stage Impaction
Sampler.

29. METHODS FOR COUNTING MICROORGANISMS
PRESENT IN A SAMPLE
HETEROTROPHIC
PLATE COUNT

30. Microscope Direct Count
• All organisms are
directly counted by
using a microscope
• Time consuming

31. STANDARDS FOR MICROBIAL
POPULATION IN RECREATIONAL AIR,
WATER AND SOIL
IN WATER:
• 7 total coliforms per 100ml of
water
• Non coliformic 200 organisms
per 100mlof water

32. In Air:
Fungal spores <500CFU/m3
Bacteria 5000CFU/m3

33. IN SOIL:
Amount of fungal spores
and bacteria should be
between 100-500CFU/m3

34. Steps to be Taken
All environmental organizations
should pay attention towards the
well being of this remarkable
garden to support beautiful and
unique species of Pakistan.