Personality disorders are divided into 3 clusters,that is, cluster A, cluster B and cluster C. Schizotypal personality disorder is included in cluster A along with paranoid and schizoid personality disorder.
2. Table of contents:
• Introduction
- criteria A
- criteria B
• Causes
• Psychodynamic perspective
• Differential diagnosis
2
3. Criteria A
• “ A pervasive pattern of social and
interpersonal deficits marked by acute
discomfort with, and reduced capacity
for close relationships as well as by
cognitive or perceptual distortions and
eccentric behavior ”
3
4. Contt..
• Begins by early adulthood and is
present in a variety of contexts.
4
5. Diagnostic features
• DSM-V specifies nine diagnostic
features for schizotypal personality
disorder
• A person with at least five
characteristics might be considered to
have this disorder
5
15. Criteria B
• Does not occur exclusively during the
course of schizophrenia, a bipolar or
depressive disorder with psychotic
features, or autism spectrum disorder
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17. Genetic Factors
• Family history with schizophrenia or
other psychopathologies.
• First degree relatives with schizophrenia
or schizotypal personality disorder.
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19. Social factors
• Due to childhood experiences:
• Confusing parental communication.
• Regular humiliation by peers, siblings
etc.
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20. Psychodynamic Perspective
Early childhood experiences are of crucial
importance.
In psychodynamic approach to Schizotypal
personality disorder we will discuss:
1. Structure of personality.
2. Anxiety.
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21. Contt..
3. Freud’s psychosexual stages of development
4. Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages of
development
5. Defense mechanisms
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24. Freud’s psychosexual stages of
development
• Five stages of development
• Each stage is linked with the gratification of
specific instincts
• When these instincts are not gratified in a
proper way it leads to
personality disorders
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25. According to psychoanalytic
theory individuals with
schizotypal personality
disorder have unresolved
conflicts at the following
stages:
• Oral stage
• Anal stage
• Latent stage
• Genital stage
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26. Erik Erikson’s psychosocial
stages of development
• Eight stages of child development
• Each stage is linked with satisfaction of
specific needs
• When the needs are not satisfied, it leads to
crisis
• If crisis is not resolved, it leads to personality
disorders
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27. In the light of Erikson’s eight
stages of development,
schizotypal personality disorder
is developed due to crisis at the
following stages:
• 1st stage Trust vs Mistrust
• 4th stage Industry vs Inferiority
• 5th stage Identity vs Role
confusion
• 6th stage Intimacy vs Isolation 27
28. Defense Mechanisms
Frequently used defense mechanisms by
individuals with schizotypal personality
disorder are:
• Repression
• Denial
• Projection
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34. 34
It does not includes
milder forms of any
disorder
Diagnosis includes
I milder forms of
Autistic disorder,
Asperger’s
disorder and
Expressive
language disorder
Marked social
isolation,
eccentricity or
peculiarities
of language
37. 37
Active desire for
close
relationship
is constrained
by fear of
rejection.
Lack of desire for
relationships and
persistent
detachment.
Limitation of
close
relationships.
38. 38
No fear of having
imperfections.
Fear of having
imperfections or
flaws revealed.
Suspiciousness
and social
withdrawal.
