Schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by social deficits, discomfort with relationships, and cognitive/perceptual distortions. It likely stems from genetic, biological, and social factors such as childhood humiliation or distant parenting. Symptoms include ideas of reference, odd beliefs, unusual perceptions, odd thinking/speech, suspiciousness, eccentric behavior, and lack of friends. Psychodynamically, it may relate to issues with Freud's psychosexual stages or Erikson's stages of trust, industry, and intimacy. Differential diagnosis considers disorders with psychotic features or other personality disorders. A case study describes a 15-year-old male client exhibiting odd beliefs, perceptions, thinking, behavior and social anxiety.

1. SCHIZOTYPAL
PERSONALITY DISORDER
AND ITS PSYCHODYNAMIC
PERSPECTIVE
PRESENTED BY:
SARAH RASHID

2. Table Of Content:
What is Schizotypal personality disorder
Its causes
Symptoms
Psychodynamic Perspective of Schizotypal
personality disorder
Case study
Differential diagnosis

3. SCHIZOTYPAL PERSONALITY
DISORDER
A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal
deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and
reduced capacity for close relationships as well as by
cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities
off behavior, beginning by early adulthood and
present in a variety of contexts.

4. CAUSES
Most experts believe that causation stems from the
complex combination of the following factors
Genetics
Biology
Social environment.

5. GENETIC FACTOR;
Risks are greater for ;
Family history with schizophrenia and
other
Psychopathologies.
First degree relatives with schizophrenic
or
schizotypal disorder.

6. BIOLOGICAL FACTOR
Biologically they are thought to;
• Have less brain matter in certain areas
• Abnormaities of the neurotransmitter
DOPAMINE
• Some similarities to brain abnormalities
with schizophrenics.

7. SOCIAL FACTOR;
It may stems from the following social
experiences during early childhood;
• Regular humiliation by parents, siblings and
peers
• Parents were emotionally distant , formal and
displayed confusing parental communication.

8. SYMPTOMS
The DSM-V specifies the nine diagnostic
criateria for Schizotypal personality
disorder.
A person with at least five of these
characterestics might be considered to
have schizotypal personality disorder.
These include the following…..

9. IDEAS OF REFRENCE

10. ODD BELIEVES OR MAGICAL
THINKING

11. UNUSUAL
PERCEPTUAL
EXPERIANCES

12. ODD THINKING AND SPEECH

13. SUSPICIOUS OR PARANOID

14. ECCENTRIC BEHAVIOR.

15. LACK OF CLOSE FRIENDS
OR CONFIDENTS

16. SOCIALLLY ANXIOUS.

17. PSYCHODYNAMIC
PERSPECTIVE
 Early childhood experiences are of crucial importance.
 In psychodynamic approach to schizotypal personality
disorder, we will discuss the following theories;
• Freud’ s psychosexual stages of development
• Erick Erickson’s psychosocial stages of development
• Object relation theory.
• Their brief overview is as follows…..

18. FREUD’S PSYCHOSEXUAL STAGES OF
DEVELOPMENT
 Five psychosexual stages of development.
 Each stage is linked with the gratification of specific
instincts.
 When these instincts are not gratified in a proper way, it
leads to personality disorder s.
 According to psychoanalytic theory. Individuals with
schizotypal personality disorder have unresolved conflicts
at the following stages that lead to their maladaptive
behavior.

19. FRUED CONTINUES…
ORAL STAGE
ANAL STAGE
LATENCY STAGE
GENITAL STAGE

20. DEFENCE MECHANISAMS
Defence mechanisams frequently used by
individuals with schizotypal personality disorder
are;
• REPRESSION
• DENIAL
• PROJECTION

21. ERIK ERIKSONPSYCHOSOCIAL STAGES OF
DEVELOPMENT
8 stages of PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT
Needs at each stage.
Healthy personality
Maladaptive personality
In the light of Erikson’s stages, individual develop
schizotypal personality disorder due to the crises in
the following stages….

22. ERIKSON CONTINUES….
1st Stage: TRUST VERSUS MISTRUST
4th Stage: INFERIORITY VERSUS INDUSTRIOUS
5th Stage: IDEENTITY VERSUS ROLE
CONFUSION
6th Stage : INTIMACY VERSUS ISOLATION

23. OBJECT-RELATION THEORY
 Drive to relate.
 Self is formed in the context of early relations.
 Early relations influence relations in later life.
 Schizotypal personality disorder develop due to the
deficits in early relationships.
 Due to splitting cohesive self is not developed
 Leads to the serious difficulty in adult relationships.

24. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
OTHER MENTAL DISORDERS WITH PSYCHOTIC SYMPTOMS
 OTHER PERSONALITY DISORDERS
• The differentiation from other personality disorders is listed as
follows….

25. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS CONT…
SCHIZOID PERSONALITY
DISORDER
PARANOID PERSONALITY
DISORDER
AVOIDANT PERSONALITY
DISORDER
NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY
DISORDER

27. CASE-STUDY
 BACKGROUND INFORMATION:
• Name; Tyler
• Age; 15 years
• Family history; mother suffer from anxiety
and depression, two maternal uncles
diagnosed with schizophrenia.

28. CASE CONT…
 CLIENT’S INFORMATION :
• Odd believes or magical thinking
• Unusual perceptual experiences
• Odd thinking and speech
• Behavior or appearance that is odd
,peculiar or eccentric.
• Lack of close friends or confidents
• Excessive social anxiety