3. Epidemiology
• 5% to 16% of all psychological consultation patients
manifest some conversion symptoms
• 25% to 30% of all make patients had conversion
symptoms at some time during their admission.
• Conversion disorder occurs mainly in women with a
ratio of 2:1 up to 5: 1.
7. Diagnostic Evaluation
History Collection
Physical Examination
According To DSM IV:
• One or more symptoms - suggest neurological or
other general medical conditions.
• exacerbation of the symptom
• factitious disorder or malingering
• The symptom or deficit can not after appropriate
investigation, be fully explained
• The symptom or deficit can not after appropriate
investigation, be fully explained
• The symptom or deficit is not limited to pain or
sexual dysfunction
8. Nursing Diagnosis
1. Disturbed sensory perception related to
repressed severe anxiety
Intervention:
• Monitor ongoing assessments
• Identify gains that symptom is providing for client
• Encouraging independence and do not focus on
disability
• Encourage verbalization of fears and anxieties
• Help client recognize disability as symptom of
extreme stress
• Identity adaptive coping skills.
9. 2. Self care deficit related to loss or alteration in physical
functioning
Intervention:
• Assess client’s level of disability
• Encourage performance at level of ability
• Maintain non judgmental attitude
• Assist client as required with self care deficits
• Give positive reinforcement for independent
performance
13. DISSOCIATIVE AMNESIA
• Dissociative amnesia is an inability to recall
important personal information
• Usually a traumatic or stressful nature
• Extensive to be explained by ordinary
forgetfulness and is not due to the direct effects
of substance use
• Or neurological or other general medical
condition.
15. Diagnostic Criteria
• The predominant disturbance is one or more
episode of inability to recall Important personal
information,
• The disturbance does not occur exclusively
during the course of dissociative identity
disorder, dissociative fugue, posttraumatic
stress disorder, acute stress disorder
• The symptoms cause clinically significant
distress or impairment in social, occupational,
or other important area of functioning.
16. Dissociative Fugue
The characteristic of dissociative fugue is a
sudden, unexpected travel away from home or
customary place of daily activities, with inability
to recall some or all of one’s past
Predisposition factors:
• A history of substance abuse
• Martial, financial or occupational stressors
• War related stressors
• Depression and suicidal ideation
• Organic disorder (temporal lobe epilepsy)
17. Diagnostic criteria
According to DSM IV – TR
• The predominant disturbance is sudden
unexpected travel away from home or place
• Inability to recall the past events
• Confusion about personal identity or assumption
of new identity
• The disturbance does not occur exclusively
during the course of dissociative phase
• The symptom cause clinically significant distress
or impairment in social, occupational other
important areas of functioning.
18. Dissociative Identity Disorder
• DID characterized by the existence or two or
more personalities in a single individual. Each
personalities is unique and composed of a
complex set of memories, behavior patterns, and
social relationships.
Predisposing factors;
• Severe child traumatic event
• Severe psychological problems
• Negative role models
19. Clinical Features
Lost time,Black outs,Wake up.
According to DSM IV – TR
• The presence of two or more distinct personality
states (each with its own relatively)
• At least two of these identities or personality
states recurrently take control of the person’s
behavior.
• Inability to recall the personal information
• The disturbance is not due to direct
physiological effects of a substance
20. Dissociative Trance
• Trance and possession disorder are
characterized by the control of person’s
personality by a spirit during the episodes.
Usually the person aware of the existence of the
other.
Clinical features
• Anxiety, Depression, physical injury.
21. Depersonalization disorder
• Depersonalization disorder is characterized by a
temporary change in the quality of self
awareness
• which often takes the form of feelings of
unreality,
• changes in body image or a sense of observing
oneself from outside the body.
Clinical features
• Anxiety, depression, obsession compulsive
thoughts, somatic complaints.
22. Diagnostic criteria
According to DSM IV – TR
Persistent or recurrent experiences of feeling
detached
• During the phase reality testing remains intact
• Clinically cause significant distress
• Does not occur exclusively during the course of
another mental disorder.
23. • Management
• General management:
• Multimodal Approach
• Behavior therapy;
• Aversion therapy- attention seeking
• Psychotherapy with abreaction
• Abreaction brings awareness and conscious,
thoughts (hypnosis, free association, and intravenous
barbiturates)
• Psychoanalysis
• Analysis the person’s personality character
• Drug therapy:
• Short term benzodiazepines – thiopentone, amytal or
diazepam
24. • NURSING PROCESS:
• Disturbed thoughts related to severe
psychological stress
• Intervention
• Obtain as much information possible from family
• Consider dislikes and likes, activities
• Do not flood the patient regarding past life.
• Identify the specific conflicts that remain
unresolved and assist client to identify possible
solutions.
25. • Inability to cope effectively with sever
anxiety
• Intervention:
• Allow the client to take as much responsibility as
possible for own self care
• Provide positive feedback
• Assist the client to set realistic goals for the
future
• Encourage the patents to participate in
supportive psychotherapy
26. • Fear or unknown circumstances
surrounding emergencies from fugue
state
• Intervention
• Maintain low level of stimuli in client’s
environment
• Observe clients behavior frequently
• Remove all dangerous objects from client’s
environment
27. • Disturbed sensory perception related to
repressed sever anxiety as evidenced by
alteration in perception.
• Intervention
• Provide support and encouragement during
times of depersonalization
• Explain the relationship between sever anxiety
and depersonalization behavior
• Explore the past experiecesand possibly
repressed painful situations
28. • Risk for suicide related to unresolved grief
• Intervention
• Assess suicidal or harmful intent. Help the client
identify stressful precipitating factors that initiate
emergence of the suicidal personality.
• Seek assistance from another strong willed
personality
• Establish trust and secure a promise that client
seek out support
29. • Lalitha,K. (2007) Mental Heath And Psychiatric
Nursing An Indian Perspective, 1st edition,
V.M.G. Book house, Bangalore,
• Bhatia M.D (2006) Essential Psychiatry, 5th
edition,CBS Publication, New Delhi,
• Sreevani (2004) A Short Text Book of
Psychiatric Nursing, 1st edition, jaypee brothers,
New Delhi,
Neeraja KP,(2008), Essentials of Mental Health
and Psychiatric Nursing, 1st edition, Jaybee
publishers, New Delhi,