The document discusses product engineering and computer-aided design and manufacturing (CAD/CAM). It defines product engineering as the process of designing a device to be manufactured and sold, considering factors like cost, quality, and market needs. CAD is described as faster and more accurate than manual drawing, allowing easy editing and reuse of components. CAM is said to enable greater design freedom, productivity, and reliability while reducing costs. Concurrent engineering is introduced as an approach that involves cross-functional teams from the start to reduce the product development cycle.

1. COMPUTER AIDED
DESIGN AND
MANUFACTURING
7th Semester
Mechanical Engineering
Lecture #5Introduction to CAD/ CAM

2. Lecture #5Introduction to CAD/ CAM
In Lecture #4 we have discussed In Lecture #5
Unit- I – (A) Introduction Unit- I – (A) Introduction
 The Product Cycle with
CAD/CAM
 Implementation of typical CAD
Process in a CAD/CAM system
 Implementation of a typical CAM
Process on CAD/CAM
 Achievements in CAD/CAM
 Product Engineering
 Product Engineering
 Stages in the design process
 Advantages of CAD
 Advantages of CAM
 CONCURRENT
ENGINEERING
 Unit 1 (B) Window and View
Port

3. Product engineering- Ideally the designer is supposed to
consider all these factors while finishing the design.
 Product functions
 Product Specifications
 Conceptual design
 Ergonomics and
Aesthetics
 Standards
 Detailed Design
 Prototype development
 Testing
 Simulation
 Analysis
Strength
Kinematics
Dynamics
Heat
Flow
Design for Manufacture
Design for Assembly
 Drafting
D.R.Nishad,Dept.OfMechanical
Engg.

4. Product engineering
 Product engineering refers to the process of designing and developing
a device, assembly, or system such that it can be produced as an item
for sale through some production manufacturing process.
 Product engineering usually entails activity dealing with issues of cost,
produce-ability, quality, performance, reliability, serviceability and user
features.
 These product characteristics are generally all sought in the attempt to
make the resulting product attractive to its intended market and a
successful contributor to the society.
 It includes design, development and transitioning to manufacturing of the
product. The term encompasses developing the concept of the product
and the design and development of its mechanical, electronics, and
software components.
 After the initial design and development is done, transitioning the

5. Responsibility of a Product
engineer
 Product engineers define the yield road map and drive the
fulfilment during ramp-up and volume production
 Identify and realize measures for yield improvement, test optimization
and product cost-ability methods
 Define qualification plan and perform feasibility analysis
 Product engineers also improve the product quality and secure the
product reliability by balancing cost of test and test coverage that could
impact the production fall-off.
 e.g. The engineering of a digital camera would include defining the
feature set, design of the optics, the mechanical and ergonomic design
of the packaging, developing the software that allows the user to see the
pictures, store them in memory and download them to a computer

6. Advantages of CAD
 Is faster and more accurate than conventional
methods.
 A very easy task.
 Editing
 Never have to repeat the design or drawing of
any component.
 Accurately calculate the various geometric
properties
 Use of standard components (part libraries)

7. Advantages of CAM
 Greater design freedom
 Increased productivity
 Greater operating flexibility
 Shorter lead time
 Improved reliability
 Reduced maintenance
 Reduced scrap and rework
 Better management control
D.R.Nishad,Dept.OfMechanical
Engg.

8. CONCURRENT ENGINEERING
 Technique adopted to improve the efficiency
of product design and reduce the product
development cycle time.
D.R.Nishad,Dept.OfMechanicalEngg.
o This is also sometimes referred to as Parallel
Engineering.
o Concurrent Engineering brings together a wide
spectrum of people from several functional areas
in the design and manufacture of a product.
o Representatives from R & D, engineering,
manufacturing, materials management, quality
assurance, marketing etc. develop the product as
a team. Everyone interacts with each other from
the start, and they perform their tasks in parallel.
Design
Planning
Marketing
Purchase
Outsourcing
Quality
Finance
Sales & Service
Product

9. Figure from CAD/CAM CIM by Radhakrishnan
PLANNING
Process Planning Tool Design Capacity Planning
Vendor Selection
Work Centre Selection Man Power Planning Material Planning
Production Planning

11. example for successful implementation
of concurrent engineering is the
development of Scooty moped and
other products by TVS Motors Ltd. in
India. Before taking up the design cross
functional teams were formed to design
and engineer the product. This reduced
not only the product development time
but also helped the manufacturer to
introduce the quality product in the
The concurrent engineering approach can be characterized by the following
factors:
 Integration of product and process development and logistics support
 Closer attention to the needs of customers
 Adoption of new technologies
 Continuous review of design and development process
 Rapid and automated information exchange
 Cross functional teams
 Rapid prototyping

12. Unit I (B) Window and View port
 When drawings are too complex, they become difficult to read.
In such situations it is useful display only those portions of the
drawing are of interest.
 The technique of selecting and enlarging portions of a drawing
is called windowing. The applications of windowing are as
shown below:-
Checking of geometry A window to view only a part of an object
Window

13. View port
 The display screen is 2D, thus it is very difficult to view all the details of an
object. Views are defined by the various angles from which the object can be
observed.
 The most common views are isometric view, orthographic view, front view,
top view, left side view, right side view, and sectional views.
 In order to accommodate the display of several views simultaneously, the
display screen is divided into viewports

14. World co-ordinates, Normalized device co-ordinates
and Homogenous co-ordinates
COORDINATE SYSTEMS- Three types of coordinate
systems are needed to input, store and display model
geometry and graphics.
1) World coordinate system/ Model coordinate
system:- It is the reference space of the model with
respect to which all the model geometric data is stored.
The WCS is the only coordinate system that the
software recognises when storing or retrieving
geometrical information.
2) User coordinate system: - If the model has complex
geometry, the desired feature of construction can be
easily defined with respect to WCS. The WCS can be
positioned at any position and orientation in the space

15. 3. Screen coordinate system:- It is 2D Cartesian coordinate system whose origin
is located left corner of the graphics display. It is device dependent coordinate
system. The transformation from WCS to SCS coordinates is performed by the
software before displaying the model views and graphics