The document discusses pollution and its various forms. It defines pollution as the introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse changes. Pollution can be in the form of chemical substances or various types of energy like noise, heat, or light. Pollutants are the components of pollution and can be foreign substances/energies or naturally occurring contaminants. Common air pollutants are described along with their sources and health effects. The document also discusses measures taken in Delhi, India to control air pollution, including implementing an odd-even vehicle restriction formula based on license plate numbers.
2. POLLUTION
Pollution is the introduction
of contaminants into the natural
environment that cause adverse
change. Pollution can take the form
of chemical substances or energy,
such as noise, heat or light . Pollutants,
the components of pollution, can be
either foreign substances/energies or
naturally occurring contaminants.
Pollution is often classed as point
source or nonpoint source pollution.
Pollution
3. Carbon monoxide (CO)
odorless, colorless, poisonous gas
created by incomplete combustion (especially
bad with older cars)
generates headaches, drowsiness, fatigue, can
result in death
Oxides of nitrogen (NOx, NO)
NO - nitric oxide
emitted directly by autos, industry
Sulfur oxides (SOx)
SO2 - sulfur dioxide
produced largely through coal burning
responsible for acid rain problem
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
highly reactive organic compounds
release through incomplete combustion and
industrial sources
Particulate matter (dust, ash, salt particles)
bad for your lungs
A pollutant is a waste
material that pollutes air,
water or soil. Three factors
determine the severity of a
pollutant: its chemical
nature, the concentration
and the persistence.
Examples with their Causes
4. Long-term health effects
can include chronic
respiratory disease, lung
cancer, heart disease, and
even damage to the brain,
nerves, liver, or kidneys.
Pollution effects are
indeed many and wide-
ranging.
There is no doubt that
excessive levels of pollution
are causing a lot of damage
to human & animal health,
tropical rainforests, as well
as the wider environment.
Experts admit that pollution
effects are quite often
underestimated and that
more research is needed to
understand the connections
between pollution and its
effects on all life forms.
6. Air PollutionAir pollution is the introduction
of particulates, biological molecules, or
other harmful materials into Earth's
atmosphere, causing diseases, death to
humans, damage to other living
organisms such as animals and food
crops, or the natural or built
environment. Air pollution may come
from anthropogenic or natural sources.
The atmosphere is a complex natural
gaseous system that is essential to
support life on planet Earth.
Indoor air pollution and urban air quality
are listed as two of the world's worst
toxic pollution problems in the
2008Blacksmith Institute World's Worst
Polluted Places report. According to the
2014 WHO report, air pollution in 2012
caused the deaths of around 7 million
people worldwide.
8. Health Risk Air Quality Health Index Health Messages
At Risk population General Population
Low 1-3
Enjoy your usual outdoor
activities.
Ideal air quality for
outdoor activities
Moderate 4-6
Consider reducing or
rescheduling strenuous
activities outdoors if you
are experiencing
symptoms.
No need to modify your
usual outdoor activities
unless you experience
symptoms such as
coughing and throat
irritation.
High 7-10
Reduce or reschedule
strenuous activities
outdoors. Children and the
elderly should also take it
easy.
Consider reducing or
rescheduling strenuous
activities outdoors if you
experience symptoms such
as coughing and throat
irritation.
Very high Above 10
Avoid strenuous activities
outdoors. Children and the
elderly should also avoid
outdoor physical exertion.
Reduce or reschedule
strenuous activities
outdoors, especially if you
experience symptoms such
as coughing and throat
irritation.
9. Health effects of AIR POLLUTION
Health Risk Air Quality Health Index Health
Messages At Risk population General
PopulationLow1-3Enjoy your usual outdoor
activities. Ideal air quality for outdoor
activitiesModerate4-6Consider reducing or
rescheduling strenuous activities outdoors if
you are experiencing symptoms. No need to
modify your usual outdoor activities unless
you experience symptoms such as coughing
and throat irritation.High7-10Reduce or
reschedule strenuous activities outdoors.
Children and the elderly should also take it
easy. Consider reducing or rescheduling
strenuous activities outdoors if you experience
symptoms such as coughing and throat
11. •This rule would define which car you can
drive on a particular date. On even dates,
only cars with license plates ending with
an even number will be allowed on city
roads, and on odd dates, cars with license
plates ending with an odd number will be
allowed.
•For example, on dates ending with 0,2,4,6
and 8, you can only drive a vehicle whose
vehicle registration number ends with an
even digit such as DL83AB0XX4. And on
odd dates, you can drive vehicles whose
registration number ends with odd digit.
For example, DL83AB0XX3.
12. Will it be limited to Delhi only?
Currently, this pilot would be limited to Delhi
only but if it turns out to be a success then other
cities might also follow the suit. We expect this
rule to be implemented in NCR regions such as
Gurgaon and Noida that has maximum office-
goers.
The rule would be effective between
Monday-Saturday between 8 AM to
8 PM.
When will this rule become effective?
13. You will have to pay a fine of Rs 2,000 if
you will not comply to the odd-even
rule.
What is government doing to ensure
smooth travel experience for Delhhites
during these days?
Delhi government would run more
buses on the street for ensuring a
seamless, hassle-free experience for
every day commuters. It will run 3,000
extra buses on capital's roads.
How much fine would one pay if caught
breaking the 'odd-even' rule?
14. Who all are exempted from the Odd-Even
Rule?
This rule would only apply to common man as government bureaucrats have been
exempted from this rule. Yes, there are exemptions for public as well. For example,
CNG vehicles, two-wheelers as and women car drivers have been exempted. Below is
the complete list:
•All CNG-driven vehicles
•Electric vehicles
•Hybrid vehicles
•Two-wheelers
•Vehicles driven by women, with only
women passengers
•Vehicles driven by women, with
children below the age of 12
•Those on way to hospital for medical
emergency (should carry proof)
•Vehicles of physically challenged
•Emergency vehicles - Ambulance,
fire, hospital, prison, hearse,
enforcement vehicles, etc
•President
•Vice President
•Prime Minister
•Chief Justice of India
•Speaker of the Lok Sabha
•Deputy chairman of the Rajya Sabha
•Deputy speaker of the Lok Sabha
•Governors of the states
•Lt Governors
