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Training and application of leadership theoriespptrevised
- 1. Training and Application of Leadership Theories Name Institution
- 2. Leadership Theories Behavioral Theories. Trait Theories. Contingency Theories.
- 3. Behavioral Theory Provides new perspectives. Focuses on the leader’s behavior. Leaders are born not made(More & Miller, 2012). Supervisors stresses on initiating new structures. Goals attained through subordinate roles’ structuring (More & Miller, 2012). Tasks are more important .
- 4. Contingency Theory Tense work environment. Lesser interpersonal associations among the workers. It comes as result of task oriented leadership. The supervisor implements relationship oriented leadership method. Reduction of closed supervision activities(More & Miller, 2012).
- 5. Trait Theory Distinguishes characteristics or qualities of a leader. It is accepted in several organizations. It is uncomplicated, interesting and unambiguous. It focuses on assessing mental, physical and social characteristics (More & Miller, 2012).
- 6. Why each of the theories are important Supervisors should not portray favoritism to subordinates. Preferential treatment should be given to workers who deny others. Rewards should be based on merits but not dislikes (More & Miller, 2012). A good supervisor accepts challenges.
- 7. How do the theories impact supervisory practices? Exploring ability of criminal justice towards making educated pronouncement. The theories handle challenges employees face. Supervisor’s responsibility is not to make hard decisions in criminal justice.
- 8. Supporting theories with a research Behavior theory- offer potential for marketing (DeLisi & Beaver, 2012). Behaviors can be conditioned to be behave in a particular manner. Leaders are born through the possibility supposition. Any person can be made a leader through teachings.
- 9. Supporting theories with a research(cont.) Contingency theory –every situation is unique. Ideal leader is unique. The lead situation is as well unique.
- 10. Supporting theories with the research(Cont.) Trait theory-leaders have innate characteristics. The traits are dependability, adaptability, assertiveness and persistence. Trait theory is determined by: Traits-decisive, assertive, cooperative among others. Skills-creative, persuasive, intelligent among others (Peterson,2012).
- 11. References DeLisi, M., & Beaver, K. M. (2012). Criminological theory: A life-course approach. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. More, H. W., & Miller, L. S. (2012). Effective police supervision. Burlington, MA: Anderson Peterson, J. K. (2012). Untangling mental illness and criminal behavior: exploring direct and indirect pathways between symptoms and crime. University of California, Irvine.
Editor's Notes
- For decades, leadership theories have been the source of numerous studies. In reality as well as in practice, many have tried to define what allows authentic leaders to stand apart from the mass. Hence, there as many theories on leadership as there are philosophers, researchers and professors that have studied and ultimately published their leadership theory. Theories are commonly categorized by which aspect is believed to define the leader the most. To Defend the theories required to be successful in supervisory practices in the criminal justice field are that the theories of leadership can be grouped into three categories: behavioral theories, contingency theories and trait theories. For decades, leadership theories have been the source of numerous studies. In reality as well as in practice, many have tried to define what allows authentic leaders to stand apart from the mass. Hence, there as many theories on leadership as there are philosophers, researchers and professors that have studied and ultimately published their leadership theory. Theories are commonly categorized by which aspect is believed to define the leader the most. To defend the theories required to be successful in supervisory practices in the criminal justice field are that the theories of leadership can be grouped into three categories: behavioral theories, contingency theories and trait theories. For decades, leadership theories have been the source of numerous studies. In reality as well as in practice, many have tried to define what allows authentic leaders to stand apart from the mass. Hence, there as many theories on leadership as there are philosophers, researchers and professors that have studied and ultimately published their leadership theory. However, in this power point, trait, behavioral and contingency theories have been discussed.
- Behavioral theory makes supervisors to emphasize on organizational behaviors of workers; objectives are attained by carefully structuring a subordinate’s role. Activities are carefully planned and communicated. Deadlines are established, and giving instructions dominates the interpersonal relationship between the sergeant and the officers. Tasks are scheduled, and rules and regulations are adhered to ensure a high standard of performance. In fact, the task proves to be more important than the needs of the officers (More & Miller, 2012). The more behavioral tools a supervisor has, the easier it is to keep workers motivated and on task. The theory is applicable when the supervisors insist on task-oriented behaviors from workers. A supervisor using a task-oriented approach to business management focuses on planning, coordinating and assigning employee tasks. This type of supervisor focuses on employee behavior regarding assignments and what's best for the business. Production is a task-oriented manager's main concern. The emotional health of employees or social aspects of the workplace doesn't factor into the decision-making process in a task-oriented behavioral approach. Therefore, supervisors should capitalize on task-oriented behaviors.
- Contingency theory is when a first-line supervisor finds that work environment is tense and that interpersonal relationships are insufficient in some situations. It would seem that task oriented leadership has contributed to this situation. The supervisor should then implement a relationship oriented leadership style. Emphasis can be placed on reducing close supervision activities (allowing line officers more discretion in specific situations), involving subordinates in the decision-making process, or, in general, doing whatever is necessary to create a relaxed and viable working environment (More & Miller, 2012). By applying contingency theory in training workers, a supervisor will be able to identify and to solve problems under different situations. A supervisor recognizes that the successful application of a technique in one situation does not guarantee success in another. The manager would examine each situation in terms of how it is affected by the contextual, organizational, and human dimensions. As a result, the overall ability to correct problems and to become more effective as a manager will increase. Application of a contingency perspective enables supervisors to examine situations and to determine the cause of decreased profits before a new procedure or program is implemented. Perhaps only one program needs to be implemented, or perhaps all three. However, only through an awareness of all possible solutions to the problem is the manager able to arrive at a correct solution. Contingency theory is designed to provide the supervisors with the capabilities to examine numerous possible solutions to a problem.
- Trait theory is that it distinguishes qualities or characteristics a person possesses when functioning as an effective leader. Analyzing mental, physical and social characteristic to gain more understanding of what is the characteristic or the combination of characteristics that are common among leaders. It has been widely accepted because it is attractive, uncomplicated, and clear-cut. Clearly, the abilities, skills, and personality traits found in successful leaders are not present in poorly functioning leaders (More & Miller, 2012). The trait theory gives constructive information about leadership. It can be applied by people at all levels in all types of organizations. Supervisors can utilize the information from the theory to evaluate their position in the organization and to assess how their position can be made stronger in the organization. They can get an in-depth understanding of their identity and the way they will affect others in the organization. This theory makes the manager aware of their strengths and weaknesses and thus they get an understanding of how they can develop their leadership qualities. The traits approach gives rise to questions: whether leaders are born or made; and whether leadership is an art or science. However, these are not mutually exclusive alternatives. Leadership may be something of an art; it still requires the application of special skills and techniques. Even if there are certain inborn qualities that make one a good leader, these natural talents need encouragement and development. A person is not born with self-confidence. Self-confidence is developed, honesty and integrity are a matter of personal choice, motivation to lead comes from within the individual, and the knowledge of business can be acquired. While cognitive ability has its origin partly in genes, it still needs to be developed. None of these ingredients are acquired overnight.
- The theories are important because through them, supervisor should never show favoritism to a subordinate. One will soon find out that employees have a built-in sense of what is right and wrong and will strongly object when preferential treatment is extended to a few and denied to others. When rewards can be extended (such as assignments), they should be based on merit, not likes or dislikes. It is essential for a supervisor to be perceived as fair and trustworthy. A good supervisor is one who accepts the challenge of leadership with all of its problems and rewards (More & Miller, 2012).
- These theories impact supervisory practices by exploring a criminal justice organization's ability to make an educated decision. The theories do not second-guess a criminal justice professional's split-second decision; instead, they deal with certain circumstances that challenge employees to contribute to problem solving. Difficult decisions in criminal justice are not just a supervisor's responsibility.
- The Behavior Theory is behavior-focused approach which provides real marketing potential, as behaviors can be conditioned in a manner that one can have a specific response to specific stimuli. As a result, we have gone from the supposition that leaders are born through to the possibility that we can measure your leadership and then to the point that anyone can be made a leader by teaching them the most appropriate behavioral response for any given situation (DeLisi & Beaver, 2012).
- The Trait Theory states that leaders have certain innate traits that enable them to lead, such traits as assertiveness, dependability, persistence and adaptability. Trait theory, determined by traits and skills. The traits determining this theory are: adaptable to situations, alert to social environment, ambitious and achievement-orientated, assertive, cooperative, decisive, dependable among others.