The skeletal system provides structure and protection for the body. It is made up of two main parts - the axial skeleton which includes the skull, spine and ribs, and the appendicular skeleton which includes the shoulders, arms, hands, hips, legs and feet. The skeletal system performs important functions like providing a framework for muscle attachment and protecting internal organs. It contains four types of bones - long, short, flat and irregular. Cartilage, joints, ligaments and tendons all help the skeletal system function properly by connecting bones and allowing movement. Maintaining strong bones requires proper diet, exercise and avoiding fractures.
5. Functions of the Skeletal System
Provides a strong, steady frame for the
body’s muscle to move.
Supports and protects internal organs.
6. Structure of the Skeletal System
Axial Skeleton- the 80 bones that make up
the skull, spine, ribs, or sternum
(breastbone).
Functions include the vertebrae which protect
the spinal cord. Also, the ribs which connect
around to attach to the sternum and protects
the heart and lungs.
8. Structure of the Skeletal System
Appendicular skeleton- the 126 bones of
the shoulder, arms, hands, hips, legs, and
feet.
Function allowing the body to perform a wide
range of motions.
9. Examples of Appendicular Bones
X-Ray Pictures of the hip and hands bones
Pelvis (hip) Carpals (wrist), metacarpals
(hand), phalanges (fingers)
10. Basic Types of Bones
Long- found in the arms and legs. These
bones are very strong. For example, the
femur bone in the leg.
Short- Short bones are as broad as they
are long. For example, carpal bones in
the wrist.
11. Basic Types of Bones
Flat- have a thin, flat shape. Flat bones
are generally used to protect the body’s
vital organs. For example, the ribs and
skull.
Irregular- any bone shape that does not
fall into the previous 3 categories. For
example, the vertebrae is a irregular bone.
12. Cartilage
Cartilage- A strong, flexible connective
tissue.
Different types of cartilage line the surface of
bones at joints allowing smooth movement.
Other functions include cushioning the
vertebrae and supporting the ear and nose.
13. Fat into Cartilage?
Podcast: A Duke University Study
Might be possible to turn fat to cartilage
Very beneficial, as cartilage can’t repair itself
14. Cartilage
A baby’s skeletal system is mostly made
up of cartilage.
As the baby grows, the cartilage is
replaced with bone minerals and cells
through ossification.
Ossification- the process by which bone is
formed, renewed, and repaired.
15. Joints
Joint- the point at while 2 bones meet.
Some joints provide a small range of motion
and are considered immovable (ex.-skull).
Most are mobile and provide a range of
movement.
16. Types of Mobile Joints
There are 4 types:
Ball and Socket- allows the widest range of
motion; forward, backwards, sideways,
circular. Examples- shoulder and hip.
Pivot Joint- allows rotation. Between the
skull and the first two vertebrae is an
example of a pivot joint.
17. Types of Joints
Ellipsoidal Joint- oval shaped part in a
curved space like the wrist. Allows all
movements except pivot.
Hinge Joint- allows bending and
straightening. Examples include, fingers,
knee, and elbow.
18. Ligaments
Ligaments-tough bands of fibrous, slightly
elastic tissue that binds the bone ends at
the joint.
Also prevents excess movement of the joint.
19. Tendons
Tendons- Fibrous cords that join muscle to
bone or to other muscles.
Example of tendons that are visible to the eye
are when you use your fingers you see the
tendons moving on the back of your hand.
21. Part 2: Proper Bone Care and
Fractures
Importance of bone function
Proper diet for good bone care
Physical Exercise
Fractures
22. Importance of Bone Function
Bones act as a storage center for the
body’s essential minerals like calcium and
phosphorus.
Bones also produce blood cells. This takes
place in the red bone marrow.
23. Proper Diet for Good Bone Care
Calcium is an essential mineral in order to
build up the strength of the bones.
Food sources include milk, cheese, most dairy
products.
25. Proper diet
Phosphorus combines with calcium to give
bones their rigidity.
Food sources include milk, peas, liver, cottage
cheese, broccoli, and whole grains.
26. Physical Exercise
Regular activity is important for the health
of bones. Exercise promotes better blood
flow, increasing nourishment to the bones.
27. Physical Exercise
Also important is weight bearing exercise
which increases the bone mass.
Weight bearing activities include walking,
lifting weights, any exercise with direct weight
pressure to the ground.
Not included are swimming, biking, etc.
28. Fractures
Any type of break in a bone.
Two main types:
Simple (closed)- the bone does not stick out
of the skin.
Compound (open)-one or both ends of the
bone stick out or protrude through the skin.
