The role of the private sector, sustainable non-timber forest product value chains & inclusion of forest dependent communities
•
0 likes•107 views
What we know and what we should know for policymaking on NTFPs in the Congo Basin. GEF7 Program for the Congo Basin Global Environmental Facility Side Event, Brussels 28 November 2018
Recommended
Recommended
More Related Content
Similar to The role of the private sector, sustainable non-timber forest product value chains & inclusion of forest dependent communities
Similar to The role of the private sector, sustainable non-timber forest product value chains & inclusion of forest dependent communities (20)
More from Verina Ingram
More from Verina Ingram (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
The role of the private sector, sustainable non-timber forest product value chains & inclusion of forest dependent communities
- 1. The role of the private sector, sustainable non-timber forest product value chains & inclusion of forest dependent communities Verina Ingram Assistant professor, Forest & Nature Conservation Policy, Wageningen UR verina.ingram@wur.nl GEF7 Program for the Congo Basin Global Environmental Facility Side Event, Brussels 28 November 2018
- 2. What we know & should know
- 3. Facts: NTFP value chains • Everyday, everywhere & luxury products • Majority local & national • Wild, semi-managed & farmed sources • Largely unregulated production & trade – limited exceptions • Regulation sporadic, inefficient, corrupt • Vulnerable to deforestation
- 4. Facts: Increasing NTFP trade World Bank 2014 Value chains from low to high population areas Increasing urban populations UNEP 2015 Lescuyer, Atyi et al 2016, Ingram 2016, Awono 2017, Awono et al 2016, Ingram et al 2018,, Schure et al 2014, Awono et al 2010, Atyi et al 2016, Ingram, Ndumbe et al 2012, Ingram .Ewane et al 2017, Iponga et al 2017. Timko et al 2010 Increasing demand NTFPs & increasing pressure
- 5. Facts: Variable value of NTFPs 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 ValueScore Priority non-timber forest products in Cameroon, Equatoral Guinea, CAR, Congo, Gabon & DRC Vulnerable or protected species Multiple parts used Conflicting uses Multiple uses Unsustainable exploitation Trade & consumption value Ingram et al. 2014
- 6. Facts: Economic importance Lescuyer et al 2011, Wollenberg et al 2011, Endamana et al 2016, Megavand et al 2013, Lescuyer et al 2016, Lescuyer & Nasi 2016, Ingram et al 2014, Awono et al 2016, Mboumboue & Njomo 2018 Artisanal timber* 1,358,000 m3 (2008) € 93 million >50,000 jobs Unaccounted for contribution to GDP, income & employment Men’s and women’s, young and old business, elite and poor Timber , pulp, processing US$ 1,103 million (2009) 931,000 m3 50,000 jobs Bushmeat* €97 milllion (2015) Wood fuel 1,358,000 m3 (2008) 90% used for energy 0.2% GDP* *only Cameroon NTFPs* US$ 64.7 million 0-50% income >283,000 jobs 0.2% GDP*
- 7. Facts: Social & cultural importance • Subsistence livelihoods • NTFPs provide 29–39% of food, medicine & income for about 80% of people in forested Central Africa • Cultural heritage • Comfort products diaspora • Luxury products urbanites Endamana et al 2016, Ndoye, Vandamme et al 2017, COMIFAC 2014
- 9. • Mixed governance arrangements in most NTFP chains • Transnational frameworks COMIFAC, OFAC, CBFP and rules CITES, CBD etc.... • Still incoherent laws for conservation and exploitation, forest & agriculture • Poor monitoring, enforcement & sanctions OFAC 2015, COMIFAC 2016, de Wassiege et al 2010 State + customary+ market-voluntary regulations Opportunities
- 10. Woodfuel energy • 90% of wood used for energy • Domestic & industrial uses & few alternatives • Woodfuel a deforestation driver around urban areas • Underutilized alternatives: plantations, agroforestry & biomass energy % population access electricity World Bank 2014Opportunities
- 11. • Responsible sourcing & certification – specific products & markets • Consumer and downstream awareness key • Landscapes + Value Chains approach (examples timber, palm oil, cocoa, coffee...) • Uncertain investments: PES, carbon, REDD • (Re)interest in investing in plantations & agroforestry Private sector Opportunities
- 12. • Despite multiple uses • Over-regulated • Unsustainable • Disputed • Declining incomes What not to do.... Photo: K Stewa Prunus afric
- 13. Good example
- 14. No one silver bullet..... • Multisector + value chain + landscape approach • State + customary + voluntary market regulations • Plantations, cultivation, natural forests • Fiscal + political • Different business models • Information = power – think inclusive (who?), act exclusive – transparency & sharing IT
- 15. Be realistic about... • Incomes & timescales • Communal & community forests • Certification • Levels of enforcement • Living with corruption • Effects of demand stimulation • Export markets
- 16. Ways forward.... GOVERNANCE • Participatory landscape level landuse mapping & planning • Multi-sectoral approach • Tailored formalisation • Land tenure ENABLING ENVIRONMENT • Linking chain actors • Financing • Collective action • One stop support MARKETS • Customer focus • Value adding SUPPLY • Innovate cultivation & domestication models