A PhD lesson in SPECIAL EDUCATION ON BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS

1. BEHAVIOR DISORDERS
PHDSPED 711

2. TOPICS
➢ DEFINITION
➢ INTRODUCTION
➢ CAUSES OF BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS
➢ TYPES OF BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS
➢ ASSESSMENT OF COMMON BEHAVIORAL
DISORDERS
➢ DESCRIPTION OF BEHAVIOURAL DISORDERS

3. Behavioral disorders include many tension-reducing activities that
appear during childhood at various levels of development.
Some of these habits develop from adults through imitation others
as a purposeful movement.
INTRODUCTION

4. When children cannot adjust to a
complex environment around
them, they become unable to
behave in a socially acceptable
way resulting in the exhibition of
peculiar behaviors and this is
called behavioural problems.
DEFINITION

5. CAUSES OF BEHAVIORAL
DISORDERS
➢ Faulty Parental
Attitude
➢ Inadequate Family Environment
➢ Mentally and Physically Sick or
Handicapped Conditions

6. ➢ Influence of Social Relationship
➢ Influence of Mass Media
➢ Influence of Social Change

7. TYPES OF BEHAVIORAL
PROBLEMS IN CHILDREN
Behavioral disorder results due to deprivation in any
one of the areas mentioned below
1. Emotional Deprivation
2. Physical Deprivation
3. Social Deprivation
4. Other Forms

8. 1. Emotional Deprivation
It occurs when a child is criticized, neglected, ignored, or abused by the
primary caregiver. Behavioral problems resulting from emotional
deprivation are
1. Temper tantrum
2. Breath holding spells
3. Jealousy
4. Insomnia
5. Nightmares/ night terrors
6. Somnolence
7. Masturbation or
Homosexuality
8. Bruxism

9. 2. PHYSICAL DEPRIVATION
A physically deprived child has profound effects on the
developing brain. Behavioral disorders coming under this are:
1. Enuresis (Bedwetting)
2. Encopresis
3. Tics
4. Nail Biting
5. Pica
6. Thumb Sucking

10. 2. PHYSICAL DEPRIVATION
Attention Deficit
Hyperactive
Disorder

11. 3. SOCIAL DEPRIVATION
It is the reduction of culturally normal interactionbetween
individual and society, It includes
1. Juvenile Delinquency
2. School Phobia
3. Stealing
4. Repeated Failures
5. Lying
6. Agressiveness/Destructiveness

12. 3. Other Forms
1. Sibling
Rivalry
2. Speech
Disorder

13. ASSESSMENT OF COMMON
BEHAVIORAL PROBLEMS
1. Assess whether child is happy or difficult to manage.
2. Child’s response to new situation.
3. Excessive demand of attention.
4. Problems of toilet and bladder.
5. Habit of nail-biting, thumb sucking, pica etc

14. DISORDERS CAUSED
BY EMOTIONAL
DEPRIVATION

15. 1. TEMPERTANTRUM
1. TEMPERTANTRUM
Temper tantrum is a sudden outburst or
violent display of anger, frustration, and
bad temper as physical aggression or
resistance such as rigid body, biting,
kicking, throwing objects, hitting, crying,
rolling on floor, screaming loudly, banging
limbs, etc.

16. SYMPTOMS
1. Loud Cry
2. Shouting
3. Kicking
4. Biting
5. Head Banging
6. Screaming
7. Throwing and Breaking
Objects
8. Inflicting Self Injury

17. MANAGEMENT
1. Support the child and protect from self harm.
2. Take away the child from immediate cause in a calm and
quiet way
3. Wash the face and hands of child and change clothes.
4. Educate the child about acceptable behaviour and give
toys and emphasize play therapy.

18. 2. BREATH HOLDING SPELLS
These are brief periods for which young children stop
breathing for 1 minute. These spells often cause a child to lose
consciousness.
It is of 2 types:
1. Cyanotic Spell
2. Pallid Spell

19. Cyanotic Spell - It is caused by a change in a child’s usual
breathing pattern, usually in response to feeling angry or
frustrated.
Pallid Spell – It is caused by the slowing of a child’s heart
rate usually in response to pain.

20. SYMPTOMS
1. Fainting
2. Stiff Body
3. Too fast or too hard breath
4. Long pause before child takes another breath
5. Red or blue purple lips
6. Intense/single or no cry at all

21. MANAGEMENT
1. During the episode, make the child lie down in the floor
and prevent his/her arms or legs from hitting any sharp
object.
2. After the episode, the child starts breathing immediately
after 1 min. But if the child does not breathe then call
emergency.
3. Give plenty of rest.

22. 3. JEALOUSY
Jealousy is a normal response to
actual, supposed, or threatened loss of
affection
e.g. During the birth of an additional
family member lots of new feelings are
generated in an older child.

23. SYMPTOMS
1. Aggressive nature
2. Roughly handling of new baby
3. Children may act naughty to get attention
4. Gets detached and may become over affectionate

24. MANAGEMENT
1. Never punish the child for his feeling of jealousy.
2. Teach the child to deal effectively with his emotions.
3. Parents should treat child equally and avoid comparison.
4. Professional help can be taken in complicated cases.

25. 3. JEALOUSY
Jealousy is a normal response to
actual, supposed, or threatened loss of
affection
e.g. During the birth of an additional
family member lots of new feelings are
generated in an older child.

26. SLEEP
DISORDERS

27. It is a sleep disorder that refers to
talking aloud while asleep.
It can be quite loud ranging from
simple mumbling sounds to loud
shouts.
SOMNILOQUY

28. SYMPTOMS
1. Talking irregularly and giving gaps like
normal conversation.
2. The child gives good facial expressions in
sleep.

29. MANAGEMENT
1. Sleep along with the child and assure that parents are
with him/her .
2. Satisfy the child’s needs.
3. Resolve conflicts with other children.
4. Try to make good relationship with child.
5. Do not show movie or tell story before sleeping.

30. It is a phenomenon of combined
sleep and wakefulness. In this
sleep walking occurs at a state of
low consciousness and child
performs activities that are
usually performed in full
consciousness.
SOMNABULISMY

31. SYMPTOMS
1. Sitting up in the bed.
2. Walking to the bathroom and cleaning it.
3. Initiating hazardous activities like cooking,
driving and grabbing hallucinated objects.
4. Homicide
Activities Like:

32. MANAGEMENT
1. Lock the doors and windows of the room in which child is
sleeping.
2. Remove all dangerous and hazardous objects,
3. Give small dose of Diazepam in advance cases.
4. Consult physician in uncontrollable cases.

33. DISORDERS
CAUSED BY PHYSICAL
DEPRIVATION

34. Enuresis refers to bed wetting
after the age of 5 years. It is
common pediatric problem in
which repeated involuntary
urination takes place at an age in
which voluntary bladder control
should have established.
ENURESIS

35. 2 Types of Enuresis
1. PRIMARY ENURESIS:
In this child is never dry at night and
occurs as a result of rigid bladder
training by parents who are over
anxious.

36. 2. SECONDARY ENURESIS:
It is characterized by initial control
of bladder that later gets disrupted
by stressful environment.

37. 1. Repeated voiding of urine into
bed or clothes.
2. Soiling themselves.
SYMPTOMS

38. MANAGEMENT
1. Do not give excess fluid to child after 6-7 pm.
2. Make the child void before going to bed.
3. Do not give strict bladder and bowel training
4. Reward the child for dry nights

39. A tic is a non-voluntary body movement or vocal sound made
repeatedly or suddenly. They appear to be a manifestation of
the discharge of tension.
TYPES OF TICS
Simple Tics-It involves only a few muscles or sounds that are
not words. E.g. Nose wrinkling, facial grimace jerking the
neck, and shrugging the shoulders.
TICS

40. MULTIPLE TICS -It involves multiple group or
muscles or complete words or sentences.
EX. Making same motions with hands repeatedly,
Touching or smelling an object repeatedly and holding
body in unusual position.
TICS

41. SENSORY TICS-In this repeated unwanted or
uncomfortable sensation arise.
EX. Repeated feeling of blinking the eyes.
TICS

42. PHANTOM TICS - It is the least common type.
this out of body variation takes place and the
person feels a sensation in other people or object.
EX. The person experience relief by touching or
scratching the object involved.
TICS

43. MANAGEMENT
1. Tics should be ignored by caregivers while working with
these children.
2. Allow the child to discuss concerns related to school and
family.
3. Refer child for medical evaluation if tic does not decrease.

44. ATTENTION DEFICIT
HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER
It is a condition that affects
the behaviour of children
which is marked by
persistent inattention,
hyperactivity and
impulsivity.

45. 1. Hyperactivity
2. Impulsivity
3. Disorganization
4. Inattention
5. Distraction
6. Difficulty in making and keeping
friends
SYMPTOMS

46. MANAGEMENT
1. Parents can create small manageable goals for their child
like sitting in chair for 10 min and giving rewards for its
completion.
2. Sleeping for extra half hour helps in dealing with
restlessness.
3. Start practicing good health habits
4. Make sure that child gets plenty of opportunities to play.

47. DISORDERS CAUSED
BY SOCIAL
DEPRIVATION

48. . JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
Juvenile Delinquency is defined
as an individual under the age
of 16 who fails to abide the
laws.

49. CHARACTERISTICS OF
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY
The behaviour is marked by
violation of law, persistent
mischievousness, antisocial
behaviour, disobedience,
etc.

50. INTERVENTION
➢ Delinquent court seeks to provide protection and safety of public
and of the minor who has come in contact with court.
➢ Special facilities like juvenile correction homes are there which
provides safety and supervision of delinquent child.
➢ Family should act as role models and support child always.

51. CONCLUSION
Behaviour disorders include many tension reducing
activities that appear during childhood at various levels of
development.
In this education to parents is a part of this process which
help parents to guide their children