ENG 606 FOREIGN LANGUAGE is a subject taught in Masteral Classes particularly in MA Major in English

1. ENG 606
FOREIGN
LANGUAGE
DR. WILMA C. MANIO
Professor

2. 2

3. Yellow
Is the color of gold,
butter and ripe lemons.
In the spectrum of visible
light, yellow is found
between green and
orange.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear
sky and the deep sea. It is
located between violet
and green on the optical
spectrum.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been
associated with sacrifice,
danger and courage.
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4. Let me start with some questions for you.
✓ How many of you take or know a language other
than English?
✓ How many of you know a person who does not
speak English?
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5. A foreign language is any language that is not native to
a particular region or person. Obviously, this definition varies
from region to region and by the individuals within a particular
region. Many countries have more than one official language or
contain significant populations that speak their own languages.
Foreign language instruction is often required or strongly
encouraged in primary and secondary education; there are also
numerous methods of adult language instruction. Many people
are bilingual or multilingual, that is, fluent in two or more
languages; this is an asset in many professions.
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6. The connection of language with culture is not
insignificant. Studying a foreign language is key to understanding
and communicating with the people of a foreign culture. Schools
around the world encourage students to study at least one
foreign language, and doing so is a requirement for many
colleges and universities. There is evidence that people learn
languages more readily as children than they can in later life.
Teaching foreign languages to children also enhances problem-
solving skills that they can use in other situations.
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7. English as a Foreign Language (EFL) is the
term used to describe the study of English by non-
native speakers in countries where English is not the
dominant language. This is not to be confused with
English as a Second Language—also called English as
an Additional Language—which is the practice of
learning English in a predominantly English-
speaking country.
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8. 8
How EFL Relates to the Expanding Circle Theory
English as a Foreign Language loosely corresponds
with the Expanding Circle theory of language described by
linguist Braj Kachru in "Standards, Codification and
Sociolinguistic Realism: The English Language in the Outer
Circle."

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According to this theory, there are three concentric circles of
World English that can be used to categorize places where
English is studied and spoken and map English diffusion.
1. inner circle - Native English speakers
2. Outer circle - English-speaking countries that have
historically adopted English as a second language or
lingua franca
3. Expanding circle - countries in which English is used
some but is not widely spoken

10. Differences Between ESL and EFL
ESL and EFL are not the same in the context of
World Englishes and the Expanding Circle, but they are
often considered equivalent otherwise. And even when
considered separate, classifying a country or region as
ESL- or EFL-speaking is difficult, as Charles Barber
explains briefly in the following excerpt.
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11. "The distinction between second language and
foreign language is not ... a sharp one, and there are
cases, like Indonesia, where classification is disputable.
Moreover, there is a considerable amount of variation in
the roles played by second languages, for example in
education, in the fields of discourse used, and in the
giving of prestige or power.
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12. In India, the medium of instruction in
schools was changed from English to the regional
languages after Independence, and subsequently
there has been a gradual process of Indianization
of the universities, which at one time were all
English-medium," (Barber 2000).
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English as a Medium of Instruction
The way that English is taught in a given country plays a
key role in determining what variety of English is spoken there. For
example, if the majority of students have spoken English since
birth and you teach exclusively in English, you know that you are
dealing with an ENL country. Ultimately, writer Christopher
Fernandez argues, English is only considered a medium of
instruction in education and government in ESL or ENL contexts,
not EFL.

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English as a Medium of Instruction
"Although ESL (English as Second Language) and EFL
(English as Foreign Language) are often used interchangeably,
there are unique differences between the two. ... ESL countries are
nations where the medium of instruction in education and
government is in English, although English may not be the native
language.
On the other hand, EFL countries do not use English as a medium

15. 15
English as a Medium of Instruction
"Although ESL (English as Second Language) and EFL
(English as Foreign Language) are often used interchangeably,
there are unique differences between the two. ... ESL countries are
nations where the medium of instruction in education and
government is in English, although English may not be the native
language.

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On the other hand, EFL countries do not use English as a medium
of instruction but English is taught in schools. Malaysia was once
considered an ESL country but now leans more towards EFL. The
methods and approaches of teaching English as a second
language and foreign language do differ greatly," (Fernandez
2012).

17. ESL and EFL Teaching
So how do the methods of teaching English as a second language
and as a foreign language differ?
English as a second language is learned in environments
where English is already regularly spoken; English as a foreign
language is learned in environments where English is not spoken.
Lee Gunderson et al. explain: "ESL and EFL instructional
approaches differ in significant ways. ESL is based on the premise
that English is the language of the community and the school and
that students have access to English models.
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18. EFL is usually learned in environments where the language
of the community and the school is not English. EFL teachers have
the difficult task of finding access to and providing English models
for their students. ... As the number of ESL students has increased
in schools across North America, more classrooms and schools
have become more like EFL than ESL environments," (Gunderson
et al. 2009).
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19. ▸ Here you have a list of items
▸ And some text
▸ But remember not to overload your slides with
content
Your audience will listen to you or read the content, but
won’t do both.
19

20. Yellow
Is the color of gold,
butter and ripe lemons.
In the spectrum of visible
light, yellow is found
between green and
orange.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear
sky and the deep sea. It is
located between violet
and green on the optical
spectrum.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been
associated with sacrifice,
danger and courage.
20

21. 21

22. ▸ Here you have a list of items
▸ And some text
▸ But remember not to overload your slides with
content
Your audience will listen to you or read the content, but
won’t do both.
22

23. ▸ Here you have a list of items
▸ And some text
▸ But remember not to overload your slides with
content
Your audience will listen to you or read the content, but
won’t do both.
23

24. Yellow
Is the color of gold,
butter and ripe lemons.
In the spectrum of visible
light, yellow is found
between green and
orange.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear
sky and the deep sea. It is
located between violet
and green on the optical
spectrum.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been
associated with sacrifice,
danger and courage.
24

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26. ▸ Here you have a list of items
▸ And some text
▸ But remember not to overload your slides with
content
Your audience will listen to you or read the content, but
won’t do both.
26

27. ▸ Here you have a list of items
▸ And some text
▸ But remember not to overload your slides with
content
Your audience will listen to you or read the content, but
won’t do both.
27

28. Thank You
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